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| regarding the change of names mentioned in the document, such as hitachi electric and hitachi xx, to renesas technology corp. the semiconductor operations of mitsubishi electric and hitachi were transferred to renesas technology corporation on april 1st 2003. these operations include microcomputer, logic, analog and discrete devices, and memory chips other than drams (flash memory, srams etc.) accordingly, although hitachi, hitachi, ltd., hitachi semiconductors, and other hitachi brand names are mentioned in the document, these names have in fact all been changed to renesas technology corp. thank you for your understanding. except for our corporate trademark, logo and corporate statement, no changes whatsoever have been made to the contents of the document, and these changes do not constitute any alteration to the contents of the document itself. renesas technology home page: http://www.renesas.com renesas technology corp. customer support dept. april 1, 2003 to all our customers
cautions keep safety first in your circuit designs! 1. renesas technology corporation puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products better and more reliable, but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them. trouble with semiconductors may lead to personal injury, fire or property damage. remember to give due consideration to safety when making your circuit designs, with appropriate measures such as (i) placement of substitutive, auxiliary circuits, (ii) use of nonflammable material or (iii) prevention against any malfunction or mishap. notes regarding these materials 1. these materials are intended as a reference to assist our customers in the selection of the renesas technology corporation product best suited to the customer's application; they do not convey any license under any intellectual property rights, or any other rights, belonging to renesas technology corporation or a third party. 2. renesas technology corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, or infringement of any third-party's rights, originating in the use of any product data, diagrams, charts, programs, algorithms, or circuit application examples contained in these materials. 3. all information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams, charts, programs and algorithms represents information on products at the time of publication of these materials, and are subject to change by renesas technology corporation without notice due to product improvements or other reasons. it is therefore recommended that customers contact renesas technology corporation or an authorized renesas technology corporation product distributor for the latest product information before purchasing a product listed herein. the information described here may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. renesas technology corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability, or other loss rising from these inaccuracies or errors. please also pay attention to information published by renesas technology corporation by various means, including the renesas technology corporation semiconductor home page (http://www.renesas.com). 4. when using any or all of the information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams, charts, programs, and algorithms, please be sure to evaluate all information as a total system before making a final decision on the applicability of the information and products. renesas technology corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability or other loss resulting from the information contained herein. 5. renesas technology corporation semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a device or system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake. please contact renesas technology corporation or an authorized renesas technology corporation product distributor when considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific purposes, such as apparatus or systems for transportation, vehicular, medical, aerospace, nuclear, or undersea repeater use. 6. the prior written approval of renesas technology corporation is n ecessary to reprint or reproduce in whole or in part these materials. 7. if these products or technologies are subject to the japanese export control restrictions, they must be exported under a license from the japanese government and cannot be imported into a country other than the approved destination. any diversion or reexport contrary to the export control laws and regulations of japan and/or the country of destination is prohibited. 8. please contact renesas technology corporation for further details on these materials or the products contained therein. h8/3068 f-ztat HD64F3068 hardware manual ade-602-244a rev. 2.0 9/18/03 hitachi, ltd. cautions 1. hitachi neither warrants nor grants licenses of any rights of hitachi? or any third party? patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights for information contained in this document. hitachi bears no responsibility for problems that may arise with third party? rights, including intellectual property rights, in connection with use of the information contained in this document. 2. products and product specifications may be subject to change without notice. confirm that you have received the latest product standards or specifications before final design, purchase or use. 3. hitachi makes every attempt to ensure that its products are of high quality and reliability. however, contact hitachi? sales office before using the product in an application that demands especially high quality and reliability or where its failure or malfunction may directly threaten human life or cause risk of bodily injury, such as aerospace, aeronautics, nuclear power, combustion control, transportation, traffic, safety equipment or medical equipment for life support. 4. design your application so that the product is used within the ranges guaranteed by hitachi particularly for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation conditions and other characteristics. hitachi bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used beyond the guaranteed ranges. even within the guaranteed ranges, consider normally foreseeable failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as fail-safes, so that the equipment incorporating hitachi product does not cause bodily injury, fire or other consequential damage due to operation of the hitachi product. 5. this product is not designed to be radiation resistant. 6. no one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole or part of this document without written approval from hitachi. 7. contact hitachi? sales office for any questions regarding this document or hitachi semiconductor products. preface the h8/3068f is a series of high-performance single-chip microcontrollers that integrate system supporting functions together with an h8/300h cpu core. the h8/300h cpu has a 32-bit internal architecture with sixteen 16-bit general registers, and a concise, optimized instruction set designed for speed. it can address a 16-mbyte linear address space. the on-chip supporting functions include rom, ram, 16-bit timers, 8-bit timers, a programmable timing pattern controller (tpc), a watchdog timer (wdt), a serial communication interface (sci), an a/d converter, a d/a converter, i/o ports, a dma controller (dmac), and other facilities. the three-channel sci has been expanded to support the iso/iec7816-3 smart card interface. functions have also been added to reduce power consumption in battery-powered applications: individual modules can be placed in standby, and the frequency of the system clock supplied to the chip can be divided down under software control. the address space is divided into eight areas. the data bus width and access cycle length can be selected independently in each area, simplifying the connection of different types of memory. seven mcu operating modes (modes 1 to 7) are provided, offering a choice of data bus width and address space size. with these features, the h8/3068f offers easy implementation of compact, high-performance systems. the h8/3068f has an f-ztat * version with on-chip flash memory that can be programmed on-board. this version enables users to respond quickly and flexibly to changing application specifications. this manual describes the h8/3068f hardware. for details of the instruction set, refer to the h8/300h series programming manual. note: * f-ztat (flexible ztat) is a registered trademark of hitachi, ltd. list of items revised or added for this version section page description 1.1 overview table 1.1 features 4 product type product code package h8/3068 f-ztat 5 v operation HD64F3068f 100-pin qfp (fp-100b) HD64F3068te 100-pin tqfp (tfp-100b) 1.2 block diagram figure 1.1 block diagram 5 v v v v v v v v v cl cc cc ss ss ss ss ss ss p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 port 3 port 4 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1.3.1 pin arrangement figure 1.2 pin arrangement (fp- 100b or tfp-100b, top view) 6 v cl * cs 7 /tmo 0 /tp 8 /pb 0 cs 6 /dreq 0 /tmio 1 /tp 9 /pb 1 1 2 3 note amended note: * functions as v cl pin. when functioning as v cl pin, the connection of an external capacitor is required. 1.3.2 pin functions table 1.2 pin functions 7 amended pin numbers for power symbol v cc (incorrect) 1* 1 , 35, 68 (correct) 35, 68 11 note * 1 and * 2 deleted 1.3.3 pin assignments in each mode 12 title added 1.3.3 pin assignments in each mode table 1.3 pin assignments in each mode (fp-100b or tfp-100b) 15 note amended notes: * 1 functions as v cl pin. section page description 3.6.1 note on reserved areas figure 3.2(1) h8/3068f memory map in each operating mode (emc = 0) figure 3.2(2) h8/3068f memory map in each operating mode (emc = 0) 66, 67 internal i/o registers (2) external address space on-chip ram (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (3) on-chip ram (16 kbytes minus 96 bytes) on-chip ram (16 kbytes minus 96 bytes) internal i/o registers (2) external address space on-chip ram (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (3) h'f8000 h'fbee0 h'ffe80 h'fff00 h'fff80 h'fffe0 h'fffff h'ff8000 h'ffbee0 h'fffe80 h'ffff00 h'ffff80 h'ffffe0 h'ffffff modes 1 and 2 (1-mbyte expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled) modes 3 and 4 (16-mbyte expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled) 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses internal i/o registers (2) external address space on-chip ram (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (3) on-chip ram (16 kbytes minus 96 bytes) external address space on-chip ram (16 kbytes minus 96 bytes) internal i/o registers (2) on-chip ram (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (3) h'f8000 h'fbee0 h'ffe80 h'fff00 h'fff80 h'fffe0 h'fffff h'fee100 h'ff8000 h'ffbee0 h'fffe80 h'ffff00 h'ffff80 h'ffffe0 h'ffffff mode 5 (16-mbyte expanded mode with on-chip rom enabled) mode 7 (single-chip advanced mode) 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses section page description 5.4.3 interrupt response time table 5.5 interrupt response time 106 external memory on-chip 8-bit bus 16-bit bus no. item memory 2 states 3 states 2 states 3 states 1 interrupt priority decision 2 * 1 2 * 1 2 * 1 2 * 1 2 * 1 2 maximum number of states until end of current instruction 1 to 23 * 5 1 to 27 * 5 1 to 41 * 4, * 6 1 to 23 * 5 1 to 25 * 4, * 5 3 saving pc and ccr to stack 48 12 * 4 46 * 4 4 vector fetch 4 8 12 * 4 46 * 4 5 instruction prefetch * 2 48 12 * 4 46 * 4 6 internal processing * 3 44 4 4 4 total 19 to 41 31 to 57 43 to 83 19 to 41 25 to 49 note amended notes: * 1 1 state for internal interrupts. * 2 prefetch after the interrupt is accepted and prefetch of the first instruction in the interrupt service routine. * 3 internal processing after the interrupt is accepted and internal processing after vector fetch. * 4 the number of states increases if wait states are inserted in external memory access. * 5 example for divxs.w rs,erd and mulxs.w rs,erd * 6 example for mov.l @(d:24,ers),erd and mov.l ers,@(d:24,erd) 6.2.12 address control register (adrcr) 131 bits 7 to 2?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit 1?eserved: this bit is always read as 1. do not write 0 to this bit. 13.3.4 synchronous operation figure 13.15 sample flowchart for sci initialization 501 figure amended section page description 18.5.1 boot mode 594 9th line changed as follows after the transfer is completed, control branches to the start address (h'ffc720) of the programming control program area and the programming control program execution state is entered (flash memory programming/erasing can be performed). 19.2.1 connecting a crystal resonator table 19.1 (2) external capacitance values 626 external capacitance value 5 v version frequency f (mhz) 20 < f 25 2 f 20 c l1 = c l2 (pf) 10 10 to 22 19.2.2 external clock input table 19.3 clock timing 629 deleted v cc = 3.0 v to 5.5 v column 21.1.1 absolute maximum ratings table 21.1 absolute maximum ratings 647 power supply voltage v cc * 1 ?.3 to +7.0 v input voltage (fwe) * 2 v in ?.3 to v cc +0.3 v reference voltage v ref ?.3 to av cc +0.3 v analog power supply voltage av cc ?.3 to +7.0 v note amended notes: * 1 do not apply the power supply voltage to the v cl pin. connect an external capacitor between this pin and gnd. 21.1.2 dc characteristics table 21.2 dc characteristics (1) table deleted table 21.3 permissible output currents 651 (incorrect) conditions: v cc = 3.0 v to 5.5 v, av cc = 3.0 v to 5.5 v, v ref = 3.0 v to av cc , ....... (correct) conditions: v cc = 4.5 v to 5.5 v, av cc = 4.5 v to 5.5 v, v ref = 4.5 v to av cc , ....... 21.1.3 ac characteristics 653 condition a deleted table 21.4 clock timing table 21.5 control signal timing 654 table 21.6 bus timing 655, 656 table 21.7 timing of on-chip supporting modules 657, 658 condition a deleted table amended sckr 1.5 t cyc sckf 1.5 t cyc t t t sckw 0.4 0.6 t scyc section page description 21.1.4 a/d conversion characteristics table 21.8 a/d conversion characteristics 659, 660 condition a deleted 21.1.5 d/a conversion characteristics table 21.9 d/a conversion characteristics 661 21.1.6 flash memory characteristics table 21.10 flash memory characteristics (2) table deleted a.1 instruction list table a.1 instruction set 685 cmp.b #xx:8, rd cmp.b rs, rd cmp.w #xx:16, rd cmp.w rs, rd cmp.l #xx:32, erd cmp.l ers, erd neg.b rd neg.w rd neg.l erd extu.w rd extu.l erd exts.w rd exts.l erd b b w w l l b w l w l w l 2 2 4 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 rd8?xx:8 rd8?s8 rd16?xx:16 rd16?s16 erd32?xx:32 erd32?rs32 0?d8 ? rd8 0erd16 ? rd16 0eerd32 ? erd32 0 ? ( section page description c.11 port b block diagrams figure c.11 (b) port b block diagram (pin pb 1 ) 856 (incorrect) pbn (correct) pb 1 figure c.11 (d) port b block diagram (pin pb 3 ) 858 (incorrect) pb 2 (correct) pb 3 appendix f product code lineup 874 product type product code mark code package (hitachi package code) h8/3068f on-chip flash 5 v HD64F3068f HD64F3068f 100-pin qfp (fp-100b) memory HD64F3068te HD64F3068te 100-pin tqfp (tfp-100b) h.2 comparison of pin functions of 100- pin package products (fp-100b, tfp-100b) table h.1 pin arrangement of each product (fp-100b, tfp-100b) 880 amended pin no. 1 item for h8s/3068f (incorrect) v cc /v cl (correct) v cl i contents section 1 overview ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 1 1.2 block diagram.............................................................................................................. ..... 5 1.3 pin description ............................................................................................................ ...... 6 1.3.1 pin arrangement .................................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 pin functions........................................................................................................ 7 1.3.3 pin assignments in each mode............................................................................ 12 section 2 cpu ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 17 2.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 1 7 2.1.2 differences from h8/300 cpu............................................................................. 18 2.2 cpu operating modes ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3 address space.............................................................................................................. ...... 19 2.4 register configuration ..................................................................................................... .20 2.4.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 20 2.4.2 general registers.................................................................................................. 21 2.4.3 control registers.................................................................................................. 22 2.4.4 initial cpu register values ................................................................................. 23 2.5 data formats............................................................................................................... ....... 24 2.5.1 general register data formats ............................................................................ 24 2.5.2 memory data formats.......................................................................................... 26 2.6 instruction set............................................................................................................ ........ 27 2.6.1 instruction set overview...................................................................................... 27 2.6.2 instructions and addressing modes ..................................................................... 28 2.6.3 tables of instructions classified by function...................................................... 29 2.6.4 basic instruction formats..................................................................................... 38 2.6.5 notes on use of bit manipulation instructions.................................................... 39 2.7 addressing modes and effective address calculation ..................................................... 41 2.7.1 addressing modes................................................................................................ 41 2.7.2 effective address calculation.............................................................................. 43 2.8 processing states .......................................................................................................... ..... 47 2.8.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 47 2.8.2 program execution state ...................................................................................... 48 2.8.3 exception-handling state .................................................................................... 48 2.8.4 exception-handling sequences............................................................................ 50 2.8.5 bus-released state ............................................................................................... 51 2.8.6 reset state ............................................................................................................ 51 2.8.7 power-down state................................................................................................ 51 ii 2.9 basic operational timing.................................................................................................. 5 2 2.9.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 52 2.9.2 on-chip memory access timing ........................................................................ 52 2.9.3 on-chip supporting module access timing ...................................................... 53 2.9.4 access to external address space ....................................................................... 54 section 3 mcu operating modes ................................................................................ 55 3.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 55 3.1.1 operating mode selection.................................................................................... 55 3.1.2 register configuration ......................................................................................... 56 3.2 mode control register (mdcr) ....................................................................................... 57 3.3 system control register (syscr).................................................................................... 58 3.4 operating mode descriptions............................................................................................ 60 3.4.1 mode 1.................................................................................................................. 6 0 3.4.2 mode 2.................................................................................................................. 6 0 3.4.3 mode 3.................................................................................................................. 6 0 3.4.4 mode 4.................................................................................................................. 6 1 3.4.5 mode 5.................................................................................................................. 6 1 3.4.6 mode 6.................................................................................................................. 6 1 3.4.7 mode 7.................................................................................................................. 6 1 3.5 pin functions in each operating mode............................................................................. 62 3.6 memory map in each operating mode............................................................................. 63 3.6.1 note on reserved areas ....................................................................................... 63 section 4 exception handling ........................................................................................ 69 4.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 69 4.1.1 exception handling types and priority ............................................................... 69 4.1.2 exception handling operation ............................................................................. 69 4.1.3 exception vector table........................................................................................ 70 4.2 reset ...................................................................................................................... ............ 72 4.2.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 72 4.2.2 reset sequence..................................................................................................... 72 4.2.3 interrupts after reset ............................................................................................ 75 4.3 interrupts................................................................................................................. ........... 76 4.4 trap instruction ........................................................................................................... ...... 77 4.5 stack status after exception handling .............................................................................. 78 4.6 notes on stack usage....................................................................................................... .79 section 5 interrupt controller ........................................................................................ 81 5.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 81 5.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 8 1 5.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 82 5.1.3 pin configuration ................................................................................................. 83 iii 5.1.4 register configuration ......................................................................................... 83 5.2 register descriptions...................................................................................................... ... 84 5.2.1 system control register (syscr) ...................................................................... 84 5.2.2 interrupt priority registers a and b (ipra, iprb) ............................................. 85 5.2.3 irq status register (isr) .................................................................................... 92 5.2.4 irq enable register (ier) .................................................................................. 93 5.2.5 irq sense control register (iscr)..................................................................... 94 5.3 interrupt sources.......................................................................................................... ...... 95 5.3.1 external interrupts................................................................................................ 95 5.3.2 internal interrupts ................................................................................................. 96 5.3.3 interrupt vector table .......................................................................................... 96 5.4 interrupt operation ........................................................................................................ .... 100 5.4.1 interrupt handling process ................................................................................... 100 5.4.2 interrupt sequence................................................................................................ 105 5.4.3 interrupt response time ...................................................................................... 106 5.5 usage notes ................................................................................................................ ....... 107 5.5.1 contention between interrupt and interrupt-disabling instruction...................... 107 5.5.2 instructions that inhibit interrupts........................................................................ 108 5.5.3 interrupts during eepmov instruction execution .............................................. 108 section 6 bus controller .................................................................................................. 109 6.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 109 6.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 1 09 6.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 111 6.1.3 pin configuration ................................................................................................. 112 6.1.4 register configuration ......................................................................................... 113 6.2 register descriptions...................................................................................................... ... 114 6.2.1 bus width control register (abwcr)............................................................... 114 6.2.2 access state control register (astcr).............................................................. 115 6.2.3 wait control registers h and l (wcrh, wcrl).............................................. 115 6.2.4 bus release control register (brcr) ................................................................ 119 6.2.5 bus control register (bcr) ................................................................................ 120 6.2.6 chip select control register (cscr) .................................................................. 123 6.2.7 dram control register a (drcra) ................................................................. 124 6.2.8 dram control register b (drcrb).................................................................. 126 6.2.9 refresh timer control/status register (rtmcsr) ............................................ 128 6.2.10 refresh timer counter (rtcnt) ........................................................................ 130 6.2.11 refresh time constant register (rtcor).......................................................... 130 6.2.12 address control register (adrcr).................................................................... 131 6.3 operation .................................................................................................................. ......... 132 6.3.1 area division........................................................................................................ 132 6.3.2 bus specifications ................................................................................................ 134 6.3.3 memory interfaces................................................................................................ 135 iv 6.3.4 chip select signals............................................................................................... 136 6.3.5 address output method ....................................................................................... 137 6.4 basic bus interface........................................................................................................ .... 139 6.4.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 139 6.4.2 data size and data alignment ............................................................................. 139 6.4.3 valid strobes ....................................................................................................... 140 6.4.4 memory areas...................................................................................................... 141 6.4.5 basic bus control signal timing......................................................................... 143 6.4.6 wait control ......................................................................................................... 150 6.5 dram interface............................................................................................................. ... 152 6.5.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 152 6.5.2 dram space and ras output pin settings ....................................................... 152 6.5.3 address multiplexing ........................................................................................... 153 6.5.4 data bus ............................................................................................................... 15 4 6.5.5 pins used for dram interface ............................................................................ 154 6.5.6 basic timing ........................................................................................................ 155 6.5.7 precharge state control........................................................................................ 156 6.5.8 wait control ......................................................................................................... 157 6.5.9 byte access control and cas output pin........................................................... 158 6.5.10 burst operation .................................................................................................... 160 6.5.11 refresh control .................................................................................................... 165 6.5.12 examples of use................................................................................................... 169 6.5.13 usage notes.......................................................................................................... 173 6.6 interval timer............................................................................................................. ....... 176 6.6.1 operation ................................................................................................................ .. 176 6.7 interrupt sources.......................................................................................................... ...... 181 6.8 burst rom interface ........................................................................................................ . 181 6.8.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 181 6.8.2 basic timing ........................................................................................................ 181 6.8.3 wait control ......................................................................................................... 182 6.9 idle cycle................................................................................................................. .......... 183 6.9.1 operation .............................................................................................................. 18 3 6.9.2 pin states in idle cycle ........................................................................................ 186 6.10 bus arbiter ............................................................................................................... ......... 187 6.10.1 operation .............................................................................................................. 1 87 6.11 register and pin input timing .......................................................................................... 190 6.11.1 register write timing.......................................................................................... 190 6.11.2 breq pin input timing....................................................................................... 191 section 7 dma controller .............................................................................................. 193 7.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 193 7.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 1 93 7.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 194 v 7.1.3 functional overview ............................................................................................ 195 7.1.4 input/output pins.................................................................................................. 196 7.1.5 register configuration ......................................................................................... 196 7.2 register descriptions (1) (short address mode) .............................................................. 198 7.2.1 memory address registers (mar)...................................................................... 198 7.2.2 i/o address registers (ioar) ............................................................................. 199 7.2.3 execute transfer count registers (etcr) .......................................................... 199 7.2.4 data transfer control registers (dtcr) ............................................................ 201 7.3 register descriptions (2) (full address mode) ................................................................ 204 7.3.1 memory address registers (mar)...................................................................... 204 7.3.2 i/o address registers (ioar) ............................................................................. 204 7.3.3 execute transfer count registers (etcr) .......................................................... 205 7.3.4 data transfer control registers (dtcr) ............................................................ 207 7.4 operation .................................................................................................................. ......... 213 7.4.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 213 7.4.2 i/o mode .............................................................................................................. 215 7.4.3 idle mode.............................................................................................................. 21 7 7.4.4 repeat mode ........................................................................................................ 220 7.4.5 normal mode........................................................................................................ 223 7.4.6 block transfer mode............................................................................................ 226 7.4.7 dmac activation ................................................................................................ 231 7.4.8 dmac bus cycle ................................................................................................ 233 7.4.9 multiple-channel operation ................................................................................ 239 7.4.10 external bus requests, dram interface, and dmac........................................ 240 7.4.11 nmi interrupts and dmac.................................................................................. 241 7.4.12 aborting a dmac transfer ................................................................................. 242 7.4.13 exiting full address mode .................................................................................. 243 7.4.14 dmac states in reset state, standby modes, and sleep mode.......................... 244 7.5 interrupts................................................................................................................. ........... 245 7.6 usage notes ................................................................................................................ ....... 246 7.6.1 note on word data transfer ................................................................................ 246 7.6.2 dmac self-access.............................................................................................. 246 7.6.3 longword access to memory address registers ................................................ 246 7.6.4 note on full address mode setup ....................................................................... 246 7.6.5 note on activating dmac by internal interrupts ............................................... 247 7.6.6 nmi interrupts and block transfer mode............................................................ 248 7.6.7 memory and i/o address register values .......................................................... 248 7.6.8 bus cycle when transfer is aborted.................................................................... 249 7.6.9 transfer requests by a/d converter ................................................................... 249 section 8 i/o ports ............................................................................................................ 251 8.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 251 8.2 port 1..................................................................................................................... ............. 254 vi 8.2.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 254 8.2.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 255 8.3 port 2..................................................................................................................... ............. 257 8.3.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 257 8.3.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 258 8.4 port 3..................................................................................................................... ............. 261 8.4.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 261 8.4.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 261 8.5 port 4..................................................................................................................... ............. 263 8.5.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 263 8.5.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 264 8.6 port 5..................................................................................................................... ............. 267 8.6.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 267 8.6.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 267 8.7 port 6..................................................................................................................... ............. 271 8.7.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 271 8.7.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 272 8.8 port 7..................................................................................................................... ............. 275 8.8.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 275 8.8.2 register description ............................................................................................. 276 8.9 port 8..................................................................................................................... ............. 277 8.9.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 277 8.9.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 279 8.10 port 9.................................................................................................................... .............. 283 8.10.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 28 3 8.10.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 284 8.11 port a.................................................................................................................... ............. 288 8.11.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 28 8 8.11.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 290 8.12 port b .................................................................................................................... ............. 299 8.12.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 29 9 8.12.2 register descriptions............................................................................................ 301 section 9 16-bit timer ..................................................................................................... 309 9.1 overview................................................................................................................... ......... 309 9.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 3 09 9.1.2 block diagrams.................................................................................................... 311 9.1.3 pin configuration ................................................................................................. 314 9.1.4 register configuration ......................................................................................... 315 9.2 register descriptions...................................................................................................... ... 316 9.2.1 timer start register (tstr)................................................................................ 316 9.2.2 timer synchro register (tsnc).......................................................................... 317 9.2.3 timer mode register (tmdr) ............................................................................ 318 vii 9.2.4 timer interrupt status register a (tisra) ......................................................... 321 9.2.5 timer interrupt status register b (tisrb).......................................................... 324 9.2.6 timer interrupt status register c (tisrc).......................................................... 327 9.2.7 timer counters (16tcnt)................................................................................... 329 9.2.8 general registers (gra, grb) ........................................................................... 330 9.2.9 timer control registers (16tcr)........................................................................ 331 9.2.10 timer i/o control register (tior) ..................................................................... 333 9.2.11 timer output level setting register c (tolr).................................................. 335 9.3 cpu interface .............................................................................................................. ...... 337 9.3.1 16-bit accessible registers.................................................................................. 337 9.3.2 8-bit accessible registers.................................................................................... 339 9.4 operation .................................................................................................................. ......... 340 9.4.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 340 9.4.2 basic functions .................................................................................................... 340 9.4.3 synchronization.................................................................................................... 348 9.4.4 pwm mode .......................................................................................................... 350 9.4.5 phase counting mode .......................................................................................... 354 9.4.6 16-bit timer output timing ................................................................................ 356 9.5 interrupts................................................................................................................. ........... 357 9.5.1 setting of status flags.......................................................................................... 357 9.5.2 timing of clearing of status flags ...................................................................... 359 9.5.3 interrupt sources .................................................................................................. 360 9.6 usage notes ................................................................................................................ ....... 361 section 10 8-bit timers ..................................................................................................... 373 10.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 373 10.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 373 10.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 375 10.1.3 pin configuration ................................................................................................. 376 10.1.4 register configuration ......................................................................................... 377 10.2 register descriptions..................................................................................................... .... 378 10.2.1 timer counters (8tcnt)..................................................................................... 378 10.2.2 time constant registers a (tcora) ................................................................. 379 10.2.3 time constant registers b (tcorb).................................................................. 380 10.2.4 timer control register (8tcr) ........................................................................... 381 10.2.5 timer control/status registers (8tcsr) ............................................................ 384 10.3 cpu interface ............................................................................................................. ....... 389 10.3.1 8-bit registers...................................................................................................... 389 10.4 operation ................................................................................................................. .......... 391 10.4.1 8tcnt count timing .......................................................................................... 391 10.4.2 compare match timing ....................................................................................... 392 10.4.3 input capture signal timing................................................................................ 393 10.4.4 timing of status flag setting............................................................................... 394 viii 10.4.5 operation with cascaded connection .................................................................. 395 10.4.6 input capture setting............................................................................................ 398 10.5 interrupt ................................................................................................................. ............ 399 10.5.1 interrupt sources .................................................................................................. 399 10.5.2 a/d converter activation .................................................................................... 400 10.6 8-bit timer application example ..................................................................................... 400 10.7 usage notes ............................................................................................................... ........ 401 10.7.1 contention between 8tcnt write and clear...................................................... 401 10.7.2 contention between 8tcnt write and increment .............................................. 402 10.7.3 contention between tcor write and compare match ...................................... 403 10.7.4 contention between tcor read and input capture ........................................... 404 10.7.5 contention between counter clearing by input capture and counter increment 405 10.7.6 contention between tcor write and input capture .......................................... 406 10.7.7 contention between 8tcnt byte write and increment in 16-bit count mode (cascaded connection) ........................................................................................ 407 10.7.8 contention between compare matches a and b ................................................. 408 10.7.9 8tcnt operation and internal clock source switchover .................................. 408 section 11 programmable timing pattern controller (tpc) .................................. 411 11.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 411 11.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 411 11.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 412 11.1.3 tpc pins............................................................................................................... 4 13 11.1.4 registers ............................................................................................................... 414 11.2 register descriptions..................................................................................................... .... 415 11.2.1 port a data direction register (paddr)............................................................ 415 11.2.2 port a data register (padr) .............................................................................. 415 11.2.3 port b data direction register (pbddr)............................................................ 416 11.2.4 port b data register (pbdr)............................................................................... 416 11.2.5 next data register a (ndra) ............................................................................ 417 11.2.6 next data register b (ndrb) ............................................................................. 419 11.2.7 next data enable register a (ndera).............................................................. 421 11.2.8 next data enable register b (nderb) .............................................................. 422 11.2.9 tpc output control register (tpcr) ................................................................. 423 11.2.10 tpc output mode register (tpmr) ................................................................... 426 11.3 operation ................................................................................................................. .......... 428 11.3.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 42 8 11.3.2 output timing ...................................................................................................... 429 11.3.3 normal tpc output ............................................................................................. 430 11.3.4 non-overlapping tpc output ............................................................................. 432 11.3.5 tpc output triggering by input capture ............................................................ 434 11.4 usage notes ............................................................................................................... ........ 435 11.4.1 operation of tpc output pins ............................................................................. 435 ix 11.4.2 note on non-overlapping output........................................................................ 435 section 12 watchdog timer ............................................................................................. 437 12.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 437 12.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 437 12.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 438 12.1.3 register configuration ......................................................................................... 438 12.2 register descriptions..................................................................................................... .... 439 12.2.1 timer counter (tcnt) ........................................................................................ 439 12.2.2 timer control/status register (tcsr) ................................................................ 440 12.2.3 reset control/status register (rstcsr) ............................................................ 442 12.2.4 notes on register access ..................................................................................... 443 12.3 operation ................................................................................................................. .......... 445 12.3.1 watchdog timer operation.................................................................................. 445 12.3.2 interval timer operation...................................................................................... 446 12.3.3 timing of setting of overflow flag (ovf) ......................................................... 447 12.3.4 timing of setting of watchdog timer reset bit (wrst) .................................. 448 12.4 interrupts................................................................................................................ ............ 449 12.5 usage notes ............................................................................................................... ........ 449 section 13 serial communication interface ................................................................ 451 13.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 451 13.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 451 13.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 453 13.1.3 input/output pins.................................................................................................. 454 13.1.4 register configuration ......................................................................................... 455 13.2 register descriptions ..................................................................................................... ... 456 13.2.1 receive shift register (rsr)............................................................................... 456 13.2.2 receive data register (rdr) .............................................................................. 456 13.2.3 transmit shift register (tsr).............................................................................. 457 13.2.4 transmit data register (tdr) ............................................................................. 457 13.2.5 serial mode register (smr)................................................................................ 458 13.2.6 serial control register (scr).............................................................................. 462 13.2.7 serial status register (ssr)................................................................................. 467 13.2.8 bit rate register (brr)....................................................................................... 472 13.3 operation ................................................................................................................. .......... 481 13.3.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 48 1 13.3.2 operation in asynchronous mode........................................................................ 483 13.3.3 multiprocessor communication ........................................................................... 493 13.3.4 synchronous operation ........................................................................................ 499 13.4 sci interrupts ............................................................................................................ ........ 508 13.5 usage notes ............................................................................................................... ........ 508 13.5.1 notes on use of sci ............................................................................................. 508 x section 14 smart card interface ...................................................................................... 515 14.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 515 14.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 515 14.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 516 14.1.3 pin configuration ................................................................................................. 516 14.1.4 register configuration ......................................................................................... 517 14.2 register descriptions..................................................................................................... .... 518 14.2.1 smart card mode register (scmr) .................................................................... 518 14.2.2 serial status register (ssr)................................................................................. 519 14.2.3 serial mode register (smr)................................................................................ 521 14.2.4 serial control register (scr).............................................................................. 522 14.3 operation ................................................................................................................. .......... 522 14.3.1 overview .............................................................................................................. 52 2 14.3.2 pin connections.................................................................................................... 523 14.3.3 data format.......................................................................................................... 524 14.3.4 register settings................................................................................................... 525 14.3.5 clock ................................................................................................................... . 527 14.3.6 transmitting and receiving data......................................................................... 529 14.4 usage notes ............................................................................................................... ........ 537 section 15 a/d converter ................................................................................................. 541 15.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 541 15.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 541 15.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 542 15.1.3 input pins.............................................................................................................. 543 15.1.4 register configuration ......................................................................................... 544 15.2 register descriptions..................................................................................................... .... 545 15.2.1 a/d data registers a to d (addra to addrd).............................................. 545 15.2.2 a/d control/status register (adcsr)................................................................ 546 15.2.3 a/d control register (adcr)............................................................................. 549 15.3 cpu interface ............................................................................................................. ....... 550 15.4 operation ................................................................................................................. .......... 551 15.4.1 single mode (scan = 0) ..................................................................................... 551 15.4.2 scan mode (scan = 1) ....................................................................................... 553 15.4.3 input sampling and a/d conversion time.......................................................... 555 15.4.4 external trigger input timing ............................................................................. 556 15.5 interrupts................................................................................................................ ............ 557 15.6 usage notes ............................................................................................................... ........ 557 section 16 d/a converter ................................................................................................. 563 16.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 563 16.1.1 features ................................................................................................................ 563 16.1.2 block diagram...................................................................................................... 563 xi 16.1.3 input/output pins.................................................................................................. 564 16.1.4 register configuration ......................................................................................... 564 16.2 register descriptions..................................................................................................... .... 565 16.2.1 d/a data registers 0 and 1 (dadr0/1).............................................................. 565 16.2.2 d/a control register (dacr)............................................................................. 565 16.2.3 d/a standby control register (dastcr) .......................................................... 567 16.3 operation ................................................................................................................. .......... 568 16.4 d/a output control ........................................................................................................ ... 569 section 17 ram ................................................................................................................... 571 17.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 571 17.1.1 block diagram...................................................................................................... 571 17.1.2 register configuration ......................................................................................... 572 17.2 system control register (syscr).................................................................................... 572 17.3 operation ................................................................................................................. .......... 573 section 18 flash memory .................................................................................................. 575 18.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 575 18.2 features.................................................................................................................. ............ 576 18.2.1 block diagram...................................................................................................... 577 18.2.2 pin configuration ................................................................................................. 578 18.2.3 register configuration ......................................................................................... 578 18.3 register descriptions..................................................................................................... .... 579 18.3.1 flash memory control register 1 (flmcr1)..................................................... 579 18.3.2 flash memory control register 2 (flmcr2)..................................................... 582 18.3.3 erase block register 1 (ebr1)............................................................................ 583 18.3.4 erase block register 2 (ebr2)............................................................................ 583 18.3.5 ram control register (ramcr) ....................................................................... 584 18.4 overview of operation ..................................................................................................... . 586 18.4.1 mode transitions.................................................................................................. 586 18.4.2 on-board programming modes ........................................................................... 588 18.4.3 flash memory emulation in ram....................................................................... 590 18.4.4 block configuration ............................................................................................. 592 18.5 on-board programming mode.......................................................................................... 593 18.5.1 boot mode............................................................................................................ 594 18.5.2 user program mode ............................................................................................. 599 18.6 flash memory programming/erasing................................................................................ 601 18.6.1 program mode...................................................................................................... 603 18.6.2 program-verify mode .......................................................................................... 604 18.6.3 erase mode........................................................................................................... 608 18.6.4 erase-verify mode ............................................................................................... 608 18.7 flash memory protection .................................................................................................. 6 10 18.7.1 hardware protection............................................................................................. 610 xii 18.7.2 software protection .............................................................................................. 611 18.7.3 error protection .................................................................................................... 611 18.8 flash memory emulation in ram.................................................................................... 614 18.9 nmi input disabling conditions ....................................................................................... 616 18.10 flash memory prom mode ............................................................................................. 617 18.10.1 socket adapters and memory map...................................................................... 617 18.10.2 notes on use of prom mode.............................................................................. 618 18.11 flash memory programming and erasing precautions ..................................................... 618 section 19 clock pulse generator .................................................................................. 625 19.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 625 19.1.1 block diagram...................................................................................................... 625 19.2 oscillator circuit ........................................................................................................ ....... 626 19.2.1 connecting a crystal resonator ........................................................................... 626 19.2.2 external clock input ............................................................................................ 628 19.3 duty adjustment circuit................................................................................................... . 630 19.4 prescalers ................................................................................................................ ........... 630 19.5 frequency divider ......................................................................................................... .... 630 19.5.1 register configuration ......................................................................................... 631 19.5.2 division control register (divcr) .................................................................... 631 19.5.3 usage notes.......................................................................................................... 632 section 20 power-down state .......................................................................................... 633 20.1 overview.................................................................................................................. .......... 633 20.2 register configuration .................................................................................................... .. 635 20.2.1 system control register (syscr) ...................................................................... 635 20.2.2 module standby control register h (mstcrh)................................................ 637 20.2.3 module standby control register l (mstcrl)................................................. 638 20.3 sleep mode................................................................................................................ ........ 640 20.3.1 transition to sleep mode ..................................................................................... 640 20.3.2 exit from sleep mode .......................................................................................... 640 20.4 software standby mode .................................................................................................... 6 41 20.4.1 transition to software standby mode.................................................................. 641 20.4.2 exit from software standby mode....................................................................... 641 20.4.3 selection of waiting time for exit from software standby mode...................... 642 20.4.4 sample application of software standby mode.................................................. 643 20.4.5 note .................................................................................................................... .. 643 20.5 hardware standby mode ................................................................................................... 64 4 20.5.1 transition to hardware standby mode ................................................................ 644 20.5.2 exit from hardware standby mode ..................................................................... 644 20.5.3 timing for hardware standby mode ................................................................... 644 20.6 module standby function.................................................................................................. 6 45 20.6.1 module standby timing....................................................................................... 645 xiii 20.6.2 read/write in module standby............................................................................ 645 20.6.3 usage notes.......................................................................................................... 645 20.7 system clock output disabling function ......................................................................... 646 section 21 electrical characteristics .............................................................................. 647 21.1 electrical characteristics of h8/3068f-ztat.................................................................. 647 21.1.1 absolute maximum ratings................................................................................. 647 21.1.2 dc characteristics................................................................................................ 648 21.1.3 ac characteristics................................................................................................ 653 21.1.4 a/d conversion characteristics ........................................................................... 659 21.1.5 d/a conversion characteristics ........................................................................... 661 21.1.6 flash memory characteristics.............................................................................. 662 21.2 operational timing........................................................................................................ .... 664 21.2.1 clock timing........................................................................................................ 664 21.2.2 control signal timing.......................................................................................... 665 21.2.3 bus timing ........................................................................................................... 666 21.2.4 dram interface bus timing............................................................................... 672 21.2.5 tpc and i/o port timing ..................................................................................... 675 21.2.6 timer input/output timing.................................................................................. 676 21.2.7 sci input/output timing ..................................................................................... 677 21.2.8 dmac timing ..................................................................................................... 678 appendix a instruction set .............................................................................................. 679 a.1 instruction list........................................................................................................... ........ 679 a.2 operation code maps........................................................................................................ 694 a.3 number of states required for execution......................................................................... 697 appendix b internal i/o registers ................................................................................ 706 b.1 addresses (emc = 1) ...................................................................................................... .. 706 b.2 addresses (emc = 0) ...................................................................................................... .. 717 b.3 functions.................................................................................................................. .......... 734 appendix c i/o port block diagrams .......................................................................... 828 c.1 port 1 block diagram....................................................................................................... . 828 c.2 port 2 block diagram....................................................................................................... . 829 c.3 port 3 block diagram....................................................................................................... . 830 c.4 port 4 block diagram....................................................................................................... . 831 c.5 port 5 block diagram....................................................................................................... . 832 c.6 port 6 block diagrams ...................................................................................................... 833 c.7 port 7 block diagrams ...................................................................................................... 840 c.8 port 8 block diagrams ...................................................................................................... 841 c.9 port 9 block diagrams ...................................................................................................... 846 c.10 port a block diagrams..................................................................................................... . 852 xiv c.11 port b block diagrams..................................................................................................... . 855 appendix d pin states ....................................................................................................... 863 d.1 port states in each mode .................................................................................................. 8 63 d.2 pin states at reset........................................................................................................ ...... 870 appendix e timing of transition to and recovery from hardware standby mode ............................................................... 873 appendix f product code lineup ................................................................................. 874 appendix g package dimensions .................................................................................. 875 appendix h comparison of h8/300h series product specifications ................. 877 h.1 differences between h8/3068f and h8/3067 series and h8/3062 series, h8/3048 series ................................................................................................................. . 877 h.2 comparison of pin functions of 100-pin package products (fp-100b, tfp-100b)....... 880 1 section 1 overview 1.1 overview the h8/3068f is a series of microcontrollers (mcus) that integrate system supporting functions together with an h8/300h cpu core having an original hitachi architecture. the h8/300h cpu has a 32-bit internal architecture with sixteen 16-bit general registers, and a concise, optimized instruction set designed for speed. it can address a 16-mbyte linear address space. its instruction set is upward-compatible at the object-code level with the h8/300 cpu, enabling easy porting of software from the h8/300 series. the on-chip system supporting functions include rom, ram, a 16-bit timer, an 8-bit timer, a programmable timing pattern controller (tpc), a watchdog timer (wdt), a serial communication interface (sci), an a/d converter, a d/a converter, i/o ports, a direct memory access controller (dmac), and other facilities. the h8/3068f has 384 kbytes of rom and 16 kbytes of ram. seven mcu operating modes offer a choice of bus width and address space size. the modes (modes 1 to 7) include two single-chip modes and five expanded modes. the h8/3068f includes an f-ztat * version with on-chip flash memory that can be programmed on-board. this version enables users to respond quickly and flexibly to changing application specifications, growing production volumes, and other conditions. table 1.1 summarizes the features of the h8/3068f. note: * f-ztat (flexible ztat) is a trademark of hitachi, ltd. 2 table 1.1 features feature description cpu upward-compatible with the h8/300 cpu at the object-code level general-register machine sixteen 16-bit general registers (also usable as sixteen 8-bit registers or eight 32-bit registers) high-speed operation maximum clock rate: 25 mhz add/subtract: 80 ns multiply/divide: 560 ns 16-mbyte address space instruction features 8/16/32-bit data transfer, arithmetic, and logic instructions signed and unsigned multiply instructions (8 bits x 8 bits, 16 bits x 16 bits) signed and unsigned divide instructions (16 bits ? 8 bits, 32 bits ? 16 bits) bit accumulator function bit manipulation instructions with register-indirect specification of bit positions memory h8/3068f rom: 384 kbytes ram: 16 kbytes interrupt controller seven external interrupt pins: nmi, irq 0 to irq 5 36 internal interrupts three selectable interrupt priority levels bus controller address space can be partitioned into eight areas, with independent bus specifications in each area chip select output available for areas 0 to 7 8-bit access or 16-bit access selectable for each area two-state or three-state access selectable for each area selection of two wait modes number of program wait states selectable for each area direct connection of burst rom direct connection of up to 8-mbyte dram (or dram interface can be used as interval timer) bus arbitration function 3 feature description dma controller (dmac) short address mode maximum four channels available selection of i/o mode, idle mode, or repeat mode can be activated by compare match/input capture a interrupts from 16-bit timer channels 0 to 2, conversion-end interrupts from the a/d converter, transmit-data-empty and receive-data-full interrupts from the sci, or external requests full address mode maximum two channels available selection of normal mode or block transfer mode can be activated by compare match/input capture a interrupts from 16-bit timer channels 0 to 2, conversion-end interrupts from the a/d converter, external requests, or auto-request 16-bit timer, 3 channels three 16-bit timer channels, capable of processing up to six pulse outputs or six pulse inputs 16-bit timer counter (channels 0 to 2) two multiplexed output compare/input capture pins (channels 0 to 2) operation can be synchronized (channels 0 to 2) pwm mode available (channels 0 to 2) phase counting mode available (channel 2) dmac can be activated by compare match/input capture a interrupts (channels 0 to 2) 8-bit timer, 4 channels 8-bit up-counter (external event count capability) two time constant registers two channels can be connected programmable timing pattern controller (tpc) maximum 16-bit pulse output, using 16-bit timer as time base up to four 4-bit pulse output groups (or one 16-bit group, or two 8-bit groups) non-overlap mode available output data can be transferred by dmac watchdog timer (wdt), 1 channel reset signal can be generated by overflow reset signal can be output externally (not in the f-ztat version) usable as an interval timer serial communication interface (sci), 3 channels selection of asynchronous or synchronous mode full duplex: can transmit and receive simultaneously on-chip baud-rate generator smart card interface functions added 4 feature description a/d converter resolution: 10 bits eight channels, with selection of single or scan mode variable analog conversion voltage range sample-and-hold function a/d conversion can be started by an external trigger or 8-bit timer compare- match dmac can be activated by an a/d conversion end interrupt d/a converter resolution: 8 bits two channels d/a outputs can be sustained in software standby mode i/o ports 70 input/output pins 9 input-only pins operating modes seven mcu operating modes mode address space address pins initial bus width max. bus width mode 1 1 mbyte a 19 to a 0 8 bits 16 bits mode 2 1 mbyte a 19 to a 0 16 bits 16 bits mode 3 16 mbytes a 23 to a 0 8 bits 16 bits mode 4 16 mbytes a 23 to a 0 16 bits 16 bits mode 5 16 mbytes a 23 to a 0 8 bits 16 bits mode 6 64 kbyte mode 7 1 mbyte on-chip rom is disabled in modes 1 to 4 power-down state sleep mode software standby mode hardware standby mode module standby function programmable system clock frequency division other features on-chip clock pulse generator product lineup product type product code package h8/3068 f-ztat 5 v operation HD64F3068f 100-pin qfp (fp-100b) HD64F3068te 100-pin tqfp (tfp-100b) 5 1.2 block diagram figure 1.1 shows an internal block diagram. v v v v v v v v v cl cc cc ss ss ss ss ss ss p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 port 3 port 4 port 5 port 9 p5 /a p5 /a p5 /a p5 /a 3 2 1 0 19 18 17 16 p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 p9 /sck /irq p9 /sck /irq p9 /rxd p9 /rxd p9 /txd p9 /txd 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 5 4 da 1 /an 7 /p7 7 da 0 /an 6 /p7 6 an 5 /p7 5 an 4 /p7 4 an 3 /p7 3 an 2 /p7 2 an 1 /p7 1 an 0 /p7 0 port 7 a 20 /tiocb 2 /tp 7 /pa 7 a 21 /tioca 2 /tp 6 /pa 6 a 22 /tiocb 1 /tp 5 /pa 5 a 23 /tioca 1 /tp 4 /pa 4 tclkd/tiocb 0 /tp 3 /pa 3 tclkc/tioca 0 /tp 2 /pa 2 tend 1 /tclkb/tp 1 /pa 1 tend 0 /tclka/tp 0 /pa 0 port a rxd 2 /tp 15 /pb 7 txd 2 /tp 14 /pb 6 sck 2 /lcas/tp 13 /pb 5 ucas/tp 12 /pb 4 cs 4 /dreq 1 /tmio 3 /tp 11 /pb 3 cs 5 /tmo 2 /tp 10 /pb 2 cs 6 /dreq 0 /tmio 1 /tp 9 /pb 1 cs 7 /tmo 0 /tp 8 /pb 0 port 8 cs 0 /p8 4 adtrg/cs 1 /irq 3 /p8 3 cs 2 /irq 2 /p8 2 cs 3 /irq 1 /p8 1 rfsh/irq 0 /p8 0 md md md extal xtal stby res fwe nmi 2 1 0 h8/300h cpu clock pulse generator interrupt controller rom (flash memory) dma controller (dmac) serial communication interface (sci) 3 channels watchdog timer (wdt) 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 address bus data bus (upper) data bus (lower) 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 port 2 p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 port 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 f /p6 7 lwr/p6 6 hwr/p6 5 rd/p6 4 as/p6 3 back/p6 2 breq/p6 1 wait/p6 0 ram 16-bit timer unit 8-bit timer unit a/d converter d/a converter port 6 bus controller programmable timing pattern controller (tpc) port b v ref av cc av ss figure 1.1 block diagram 6 1.3 pin description 1.3.1 pin arrangement the pin arrangement of the h8/3068f fp-100b and tfp-100b packages is shown in figure 1.2. v cl * cs 7 /tmo 0 /tp 8 /pb 0 cs 6 /dreq 0 /tmio 1 /tp 9 /pb 1 cs 5 /tmo 2 /tp 10 /pb 2 cs 4 /dreq 1 /tmio 3 /tp 11 /pb 3 ucas/tp 12 /pb 4 sck 2 /lcas/tp 13 /pb 5 txd 2 /tp 14 /pb 6 rxd 2 /tp 15 /pb 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 fwe v ss txd /p9 txd /p9 rxd /p9 rxd /p9 irq /sck /p9 irq /sck /p9 d /p4 d /p4 d /p4 d /p4 d /p4 d /p4 d /p4 md md md p6 /lwr p6 /hwr p6 /rd p6 /as v xtal extal v nmi res stby p6 7 / f p6 /back p6 /breq p6 /wait v p5 /a p5 /a p5 /a p5 /a p2 /a p2 /a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 74 73 75 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 a 13 /p2 5 a 12 /p2 4 a 11 /p2 3 a 10 /p2 2 a 9 /p2 1 a 8 /p2 0 v ss a 7 /p1 7 a 6 /p1 6 a 5 /p1 5 a 4 /p1 4 a 3 /p1 3 a 2 /p1 2 a 1 /p1 1 a 0 /p1 0 v cc d 15 /p3 7 d 14 /p3 6 d 13 /p3 5 d 12 /p3 4 d 11 /p3 3 d 10 /p3 2 d 9 /p3 1 d 8 /p3 0 d 7 /p4 7 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 av cc v ref p7 0 /an 0 p7 1 /an 1 p7 2 /an 2 p7 3 /an 3 p7 4 /an 4 p7 5 /an 5 p7 6 /an 6 /da 0 p7 7 /an 7 /da 1 av ss p8 0 /irq 0 /rfsh p8 1 /irq 1 /cs 3 p8 2 /irq 2 /cs 2 p8 3 /irq 3 /cs 1 /adtrg p8 4 /cs 0 v ss pa 0 /tp 0 /tclka/tend 0 pa 1 /tp 1 /tclkb/tend 1 pa 2 /tp 2 /tioca 0 /tclkc pa 3 /tp 3 /tiocb 0 /tclkd pa 4 /tp 4 /tioca 1 /a 23 pa 5 /tp 5 /tiocb 1 /a 22 pa 6 /tp 6 /tioca 2 /a 21 pa 7 /tp 7 /tiocb 2 /a 20 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 2 1 0 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 7 6 top view (fp-100b, tfp-100b) 6 5 4 3 cc ss ss 19 18 17 16 15 14 v ss note: * functions as v cl pin. when functioning as v cl pin, the connection of an external capacitor is required. 1 0.1 m f figure 1.2 pin arrangement (fp-100b or tfp-100b, top view) 7 1.3.2 pin functions table 1.2 summarizes the pin functions. table 1.2 pin functions pin no. type symbol fp-100b tfp-100b i/o name and function power v cc 35, 68 input power: for connection to the power supply. connect all v cc pins to the system power supply. v ss 11, 22, 44, 57, 65, 92 input ground: for connection to ground (0 v). connect all v ss pins to the 0-v system power supply. clock xtal 67 input for connection to a crystal resonator. for examples of crystal resonator and external clock input, see section 19, clock pulse generator. extal 66 input for connection to a crystal resonator or input of an external clock signal. for examples of crystal resonator and external clock input, see section 19, clock pulse generator. f 61 output system clock: supplies the system clock to external devices. internal step-down pin v cl 1 output connect an external capacitor between this pin and gnd (0 v). do not connect to v cc . v cl 0.1 m f 8 pin no. type symbol fp-100b tfp-100b i/o name and function operating mode control md 2 to md 0 75 to 73 input mode 2 to mode 0: for setting the operating mode, as follows. inputs at these pins must not be changed during operation. md 2 md 1 md 0 operating mode 000 0 0 1 mode 1 0 1 0 mode 2 0 1 1 mode 3 1 0 0 mode 4 1 0 1 mode 5 1 1 0 mode 6 1 1 1 mode 7 system control res 63 input reset input: when driven low, this pin resets the chip fwe 10 input write enable signal: flash memory write control signal stby 62 input standby: when driven low, this pin forces a transition to hardware standby mode breq 59 input bus request: used by an external bus master to request the bus right back 60 output bus request acknowledge: indicates that the bus has been granted to an external bus master interrupts nmi 64 input nonmaskable interrupt: requests a nonmaskable interrupt irq 5 to irq 0 17, 16, 90 to 87 input interrupt request 5 to 0: maskable interrupt request pins address bus a 23 to a 0 97 to 100, 56 to 45, 43 to 36 output address bus: outputs address signals 9 pin no. type symbol fp-100b tfp-100b i/o name and function data bus d 15 to d 0 34 to 23, 21 to 18 input/ output data bus: bidirectional data bus bus control cs 7 to cs 0 2 to 5, 88 to 91 output chip select: select signals for areas 7 to 0 as 69 output address strobe: goes low to indicate valid address output on the address bus rd 70 output read: goes low to indicate reading from the external address space hwr 71 output high write: goes low to indicate writing to the external address space; indicates valid data on the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ). lwr 72 output low write: goes low to indicate writing to the external address space; indicates valid data on the lower data bus (d 7 to d 0 ). wait 58 input wait: requests insertion of wait states in bus cycles during access to the external address space dram rfsh 87 output refresh: indicates a refresh cycle interface cs 2 to cs 5 89, 88, 5, 4 output row address strobe ras : row address strobe signal for dram rd 70 output write enable we : write enable signal for dram hwr ucas 71 6 output upper column address strobe ucas : column address strobe signal for dram lwr lcas 72 7 output lower column address strobe lcas : column address strobe signal for dram dma controller dreq 1 , dreq 0 5, 3 input dma request 1 and 0: dmac activation requests (dmac) tend 1 , tend 0 94, 93 output transfer end 1 and 0: these signals indicate that the dmac has ended a data transfer 10 pin no. type symbol fp-100b tfp-100b i/o name and function 16-bit timer tclkd to tclka 96 to 93 input clock input d to a: external clock inputs tioca 2 to tioca 0 99, 97, 95 input/ output input capture/output compare a2 to a0: gra2 to gra0 output compare or input capture, or pwm output tiocb 2 to tiocb 0 100, 98, 96 input/ output input capture/output compare b2 to b0: grb2 to grb0 output compare or input capture, or pwm output 8-bit timer tmo 0 , tmo 2 2, 4 output compare match output: compare match output pins tmio 1 , tmio 3 3, 5 input/ output input capture input/compare match output: input capture input or compare match output pins tclkd to tclka 96 to 93 input counter external clock input: these pins input an external clock to the counters. program- mable timing pattern controller (tpc) tp 15 to tp 0 9 to 2, 100 to 93 output tpc output 15 to 0: pulse output serial com- munication txd 2 to txd 0 8, 13, 12 output transmit data (channels 0, 1, 2): sci data output interface (sci) rxd 2 to rxd 0 9, 15, 14 input receive data (channels 0, 1, 2): sci data input sck 2 to sck 0 7, 17, 16 input/ output serial clock (channels 0, 1, 2): sci clock input/output a/d converter an 7 to an 0 85 to 78 input analog 7 to 0: analog input pins adtrg 90 input a/d conversion external trigger input: external trigger input for starting a/d conversion d/a converter da 1 , da 0 85, 84 output analog output: analog output from the d/a converter 11 pin no. type symbol fp-100b tfp-100b i/o name and function a/d and d/a converters av cc 76 input power supply pin for the a/d and d/a converters. connect to the system power supply when not using the a/d and d/a converters. av ss 86 input ground pin for the a/d and d/a converters. connect to system ground (0?). v ref 77 input reference voltage input pin for the a/d and d/a converters. connect to the system power supply when not using the a/d and d/a converters. i/o ports p1 7 to p1 0 43 to 36 input/ output port 1: eight input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port 1 data direction register (p1ddr). p2 7 to p2 0 52 to 45 input/ output port 2: eight input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port 2 data direction register (p2ddr). p3 7 to p3 0 34 to 27 input/ output port 3: eight input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port 3 data direction register (p3ddr). p4 7 to p4 0 26 to 23, 21 to 18 input/ output port 4: eight input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port 4 data direction register (p4ddr). p5 3 to p5 0 56 to 53 input/ output port 5: four input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port 5 data direction register (p5ddr). p6 7 to p6 0 61, 72 to 69, 60 to 58 input/ output port 6: eight input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port 6 data direction register (p6ddr). p7 7 to p7 0 85 to 78 input port 7: eight input pins p8 4 to p8 0 91 to 87 input/ output port 8: five input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port 8 data direction register (p8ddr). p9 5 to p9 0 17 to 12 input/ output port 9: six input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port 9 data direction register (p9ddr). pa 7 to pa 0 100 to 93 input/ output port a: eight input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port a data direction register (paddr). pb 7 to pb 0 9 to 2 input/ output port b: eight input/output pins. the direction of each pin can be selected in the port b data direction register (pbddr). 12 1.3.3 pin assignments in each mode table 1.3 lists the pin assignments in each mode. table 1.3 pin assignments in each mode (fp-100b or tfp-100b) pin no. pin name fp-100b tfp-100b mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 6 mode 7 1v cl * 1 v cl * 1 v cl * 1 v cl * 1 v cl * 1 v cl * 1 v cl * 1 2pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 / cs 7 pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 / cs 7 pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 / cs 7 pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 / cs 7 pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 / cs 7 pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 3pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 4pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 5pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 6pb 4 /tp 12 / ucas pb 4 /tp 12 / ucas pb 4 /tp 12 / ucas pb 4 /tp 12 / ucas pb 4 /tp 12 / ucas pb 4 /tp 12 pb 4 /tp 12 7pb 5 /tp 13 / lcas / sck 2 pb 5 /tp 13 / lcas / sck 2 pb 5 /tp 13 / lcas / sck 2 pb 5 /tp 13 / lcas / sck 2 pb 5 /tp 13 / lcas / sck 2 pb 5 /tp 13 / sck 2 pb 5 /tp 13 / sck 2 8pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 9pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 10 fwe fwe fwe fwe fwe fwe fwe 11 v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss 12 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 13 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 14 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 15 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 16 p9 4 / irq 4 / sck 0 p9 4 / irq 4 / sck 0 p9 4 / irq 4 / sck 0 p9 4 / irq 4 / sck 0 p9 4 / irq 4 / sck 0 p9 4 / irq 4 / sck 0 p9 4 / irq 4 / sck 0 17 p9 5 / irq 5 / sck 1 p9 5 / irq 5 / sck 1 p9 5 / irq 5 / sck 1 p9 5 / irq 5 / sck 1 p9 5 / irq 5 / sck 1 p9 5 / irq 5 / sck 1 p9 5 / irq 5 / sck 1 18 p4 0 /d 0 * 2 p4 0 /d 0 * 3 p4 0 /d 0 * 2 p4 0 /d 0 * 3 p4 0 /d 0 * 2 p4 0 p4 0 19 p4 1 /d 1 * 2 p4 1 /d 1 * 3 p4 1 /d 1 * 2 p4 1 /d 1 * 3 p4 1 /d 1 * 2 p4 1 p4 1 13 pin no. pin name fp-100b tfp-100b mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 6 mode 7 20 p4 2 /d 2 * 2 p4 2 /d 2 * 3 p4 2 /d 2 * 2 p4 2 /d 2 * 3 p4 2 /d 2 * 2 p4 2 p4 2 21 p4 3 /d 3 * 2 p4 3 /d 3 * 3 p4 3 /d 3 * 2 p4 3 /d 3 * 3 p4 3 /d 3 * 2 p4 3 p4 3 22 v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss 23 p4 4 /d 4 * 2 p4 4 /d 4 * 3 p4 4 /d 4 * 2 p4 4 /d 4 * 3 p4 4 /d 4 * 2 p4 4 p4 4 24 p4 5 /d 5 * 2 p4 5 /d 5 * 3 p4 5 /d 5 * 2 p4 5 /d 5 * 3 p4 5 /d 5 * 2 p4 5 p4 5 25 p4 6 /d 6 * 2 p4 6 /d 6 * 3 p4 6 /d 6 * 2 p4 6 /d 6 * 3 p4 6 /d 6 * 2 p4 6 p4 6 26 p4 7 /d 7 * 2 p4 7 /d 7 * 3 p4 7 /d 7 * 2 p4 7 /d 7 * 3 p4 7 /d 7 * 2 p4 7 p4 7 27 d 8 d 8 d 8 d 8 d 8 p3 0 p3 0 28 d 9 d 9 d 9 d 9 d 9 p3 1 p3 1 29 d 10 d 10 d 10 d 10 d 10 p3 2 p3 2 30 d 11 d 11 d 11 d 11 d 11 p3 3 p3 3 31 d 12 d 12 d 12 d 12 d 12 p3 4 p3 4 32 d 13 d 13 d 13 d 13 d 13 p3 5 p3 5 33 d 14 d 14 d 14 d 14 d 14 p3 6 p3 6 34 d 15 d 15 d 15 d 15 d 15 p3 7 p3 7 35 v cc v cc v cc v cc v cc v cc v cc 36 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 p1 0 /a 0 p1 0 p1 0 37 a 1 a 1 a 1 a 1 p1 1 /a 1 p1 1 p1 1 38 a 2 a 2 a 2 a 2 p1 2 /a 2 p1 2 p1 2 39 a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3 p1 3 /a 3 p1 3 p1 3 40 a 4 a 4 a 4 a 4 p1 4 /a 4 p1 4 p1 4 41 a 5 a 5 a 5 a 5 p1 5 /a 5 p1 5 p1 5 42 a 6 a 6 a 6 a 6 p1 6 /a 6 p1 6 p1 6 43 a 7 a 7 a 7 a 7 p1 7 /a 7 p1 7 p1 7 44 v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss 45 a 8 a 8 a 8 a 8 p2 0 /a 8 p2 0 p2 0 46 a 9 a 9 a 9 a 9 p2 1 /a 9 p2 1 p2 1 47 a 10 a 10 a 10 a 10 p2 2 /a 10 p2 2 p2 2 48 a 11 a 11 a 11 a 11 p2 3 /a 11 p2 3 p2 3 49 a 12 a 12 a 12 a 12 p2 4 /a 12 p2 4 p2 4 50 a 13 a 13 a 13 a 13 p2 5 /a 13 p2 5 p2 5 51 a 14 a 14 a 14 a 14 p2 6 /a 14 p2 6 p2 6 52 a 15 a 15 a 15 a 15 p2 7 /a 15 p2 7 p2 7 53 a 16 a 16 a 16 a 16 p5 0 /a 16 p5 0 p5 0 14 pin no. pin name fp-100b tfp-100b mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 6 mode 7 54 a 17 a 17 a 17 a 17 p5 1 /a 17 p5 1 p5 1 55 a 18 a 18 a 18 a 18 p5 2 /a 18 p5 2 p5 2 56 a 19 a 19 a 19 a 19 p5 3 /a 19 p5 3 p5 3 57 v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss 58 p6 0 / wait p6 0 / wait p6 0 / wait p6 0 / wait p6 0 / wait p6 0 p6 0 59 p6 1 / breq p6 1 / breq p6 1 / breq p6 1 / breq p6 1 / breq p6 1 p6 1 60 p6 2 / back p6 2 / back p6 2 / back p6 2 / back p6 2 / back p6 2 p6 2 61 ff f f p6 7 / f p6 7 / f p6 7 / f 62 stby stby stby stby stby stby stby 63 res res res res res res res 64 nmi nmi nmi nmi nmi nmi nmi 65 v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss 66 extal extal extal extal extal extal extal 67 xtal xtal xtal xtal xtal xtal xtal 68 v cc v cc v cc v cc v cc v cc v cc 69 as as as as as p6 3 p6 3 70 rd rd rd rd rd p6 4 p6 4 71 hwr hwr hwr hwr hwr p6 5 p6 5 72 lwr lwr lwr lwr lwr p6 6 p6 6 73 md 0 md 0 md 0 md 0 md 0 md 0 md 0 74 md 1 md 1 md 1 md 1 md 1 md 1 md 1 75 md 2 md 2 md 2 md 2 md 2 md 2 md 2 76 av cc av cc av cc av cc av cc av cc av cc 77 v ref v ref v ref v ref v ref v ref v ref 78 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 79 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 80 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 81 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 82 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 83 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 84 p7 6 /an 6 / da 0 p7 6 /an 6 / da 0 p7 6 /an 6 / da 0 p7 6 /an 6 / da 0 p7 6 /an 6 / da 0 p7 6 /an 6 / da 0 p7 6 /an 6 / da 0 85 p7 7 /an 7 / da 1 p7 7 /an 7 / da 1 p7 7 /an 7 / da 1 p7 7 /an 7 / da 1 p7 7 /an 7 / da 1 p7 7 /an 7 / da 1 p7 7 /an 7 / da 1 15 pin no. pin name fp-100b tfp-100b mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 6 mode 7 86 av ss av ss av ss av ss av ss av ss av ss 87 p8 0 / irq 0 / rfsh p8 0 / irq 0 / rfsh p8 0 / irq 0 / rfsh p8 0 / irq 0 / rfsh p8 0 / irq 0 / rfsh p8 0 / irq 0 p8 0 / irq 0 88 p8 1 / irq 1 / cs 3 p8 1 / irq 1 / cs 3 p8 1 / irq 1 / cs 3 p8 1 / irq 1 / cs 3 p8 1 / irq 1 / cs 3 p8 1 / irq 1 p8 1 / irq 1 89 p8 2 / irq 2 / cs 2 p8 2 / irq 2 / cs 2 p8 2 / irq 2 / cs 2 p8 2 / irq 2 / cs 2 p8 2 / irq 2 / cs 2 p8 2 / irq 2 p8 2 / irq 2 90 p8 3 / irq 3 / cs 1 / adtrg p8 3 / irq 3 / cs 1 / adtrg p8 3 / irq 3 / cs 1 / adtrg p8 3 / irq 3 / cs 1 / adtrg p8 3 / irq 3 / cs 1 / adtrg p8 3 / irq 3 / adtrg p8 3 / irq 3 / adtrg 91 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 p8 4 92 v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss v ss 93 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka/ tend 0 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka/ tend 0 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka/ tend 0 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka/ tend 0 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka/ tend 0 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka/ tend 0 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka/ tend 0 94 pa 1 /tp 1 / tclkb/ tend 1 pa 1 /tp 1 / tclkb/ tend 1 pa 1 /tp 1 /tclkb/ tend 1 pa 1 /tp 1 / tclkb/ tend 1 pa 1 /tp 1 / tclkb/ tend 1 pa 1 /tp 1 / tclkb/ tend 1 pa 1 /tp 1 / tclkb/ tend 1 95 pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc 96 pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd 97 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 / a 23 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 / a 23 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 / a 23 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 98 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 / a 22 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 / a 22 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 / a 22 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 99 pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 / a 21 pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 / a 21 pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 / a 21 pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 100 pa 7 /tp 7 / tiocb 2 pa 7 /tp 7 / tiocb 2 a 20 a 20 pa 7 /tp 7 / tiocb 2 / a 20 pa 7 /tp 7 / tiocb 2 pa 7 /tp 7 / tiocb 2 notes: * 1 functions as v cl pin. * 2 in modes 1, 3, 5 the p4 0 to p4 7 functions of pins p4 0 /d 0 to p4 7 /d 7 are selected after a reset, but they can be changed by software. * 3 in modes 2 and 4 the d 0 to d 7 functions of pins p4 0 /d 0 to p4 7 /d 7 are selected after a reset, but they can be changed by software. 16 17 section 2 cpu 2.1 overview the h8/300h cpu is a high-speed central processing unit with an internal 32-bit architecture that is upward-compatible with the h8/300 cpu. the h8/300h cpu has sixteen 16-bit general registers, can address a 16-mbyte linear address space, and is ideal for realtime control. 2.1.1 features the h8/300h cpu has the following features. upward compatibility with h8/300 cpu can execute h8/300 series object programs general-register architecture sixteen 16-bit general registers (also usable as sixteen 8-bit registers or eight 32-bit registers) sixty-two basic instructions ? 8/16/32-bit arithmetic and logic instructions ? multiply and divide instructions ? powerful bit-manipulation instructions eight addressing modes ? register direct [rn] ? register indirect [@ern] ? register indirect with displacement [@(d:16, ern) or @(d:24, ern)] ? register indirect with post-increment or pre-decrement [@ern+ or @eern] ? absolute address [@aa:8, @aa:16, or @aa:24] ? immediate [#xx:8, #xx:16, or #xx:32] ? program-counter relative [@(d:8, pc) or @(d:16, pc)] ? memory indirect [@@aa:8] 16-mbyte linear address space 18 high-speed operation ? all frequently-used instructions execute in two to four states ? maximum clock frequency: 25 mhz ? 8/16/32-bit register-register add/subtract: 80 ns ? 8 8-bit register-register multiply: 560 ns ? 16 ? 8-bit register-register divide: 560 ns ? 16 16-bit register-register multiply: 880 ns ? 32 ? 16-bit register-register divide: 880 ns two cpu operating modes ? normal mode ? advanced mode low-power mode transition to power-down state by sleep instruction 2.1.2 differences from h8/300 cpu in comparison to the h8/300 cpu, the h8/300h has the following enhancements. more general registers eight 16-bit registers have been added. expanded address space ? advanced mode supports a maximum 16-mbyte address space. ? normal mode supports the same 64-kbyte address space as the h8/300 cpu. enhanced addressing the addressing modes have been enhanced to make effective use of the 16-mbyte address space. enhanced instructions ? data transfer, arithmetic, and logic instructions can operate on 32-bit data. ? signed multiply/divide instructions and other instructions have been added. 19 2.2 cpu operating modes the h8/300h cpu has two operating modes: normal and advanced. normal mode supports a maximum 64-kbyte address space. advanced mode supports up to 16 mbytes. cpu operating modes normal mode advanced mode maximum 64 kbytes, program and data areas combined maximum 16 mbytes, program and data areas combined figure 2.1 cpu operating modes 2.3 address space figure 2.2 shows a simple memory map for the h8/3068f. the h8/300h cpu can address a linear address space with a maximum size of 64 kbytes in normal mode, and 16 mbytes in advanced mode. for further details see section 3.6, memory map in each operating mode. the 1-mbyte operating modes use 20-bit addressing. the upper 4 bits of effective addresses are ignored. h'00000 h'fffff h'000000 h'ffffff a. 1-mbyte mode b. 16-mbyte mode h'0000 h'ffff advanced mode normal mode figure 2.2 memory map 20 2.4 register configuration 2.4.1 overview the h8/300h cpu has the internal registers shown in figure 2.3. there are two types of registers: general registers and control registers. er0 er1 er2 er3 er4 er5 er6 er7 e0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 r0h r1h r2h r3h r4h r5h r6h r7h r0l r1l r2l r3l r4l r5l r6l r7l 0 7 0 7 0 15 (sp) 23 0 pc 7 ccr 6543210 iuihunzvc general registers (ern) control registers (cr) legend sp: pc: ccr: i: ui: h: u: n: z: v: c: stack pointer program counter condition code register interrupt mask bit user bit or interrupt mask bit half-carry flag user bit negative flag zero flag overflow flag carry flag figure 2.3 cpu registers 21 2.4.2 general registers the h8/300h cpu has eight 32-bit general registers. these general registers are all functionally alike and can be used without distinction between data registers and address registers. when a general register is used as a data register, it can be accessed as a 32-bit, 16-bit, or 8-bit register. when the general registers are used as 32-bit registers or as address registers, they are designated by the letters er (er0 to er7). the er registers divide into 16-bit general registers designated by the letters e (e0 to e7) and r (r0 to r7). these registers are functionally equivalent, providing a maximum sixteen 16-bit registers. the e registers (e0 to e7) are also referred to as extended registers. the r registers divide into 8-bit general registers designated by the letters rh (r0h to r7h) and rl (r0l to r7l). these registers are functionally equivalent, providing a maximum sixteen 8-bit registers. figure 2.4 illustrates the usage of the general registers. the usage of each register can be selected independently. ? address registers ? 32-bit registers ? 16-bit registers ? 8-bit registers er registers er0 to er7 e registers (extended registers) e0 to e7 r registers r0 to r7 rh registers r0h to r7h rl registers r0l to r7l figure 2.4 usage of general registers 22 general register er7 has the function of stack pointer (sp) in addition to its general-register function, and is used implicitly in exception handling and subroutine calls. figure 2.5 shows the stack. free area stack area sp (er7) figure 2.5 stack 2.4.3 control registers the control registers are the 24-bit program counter (pc) and the 8-bit condition code register (ccr). program counter (pc): this 24-bit counter indicates the address of the next instruction the cpu will execute. the length of all cpu instructions is 2 bytes (one word), so the least significant pc bit is ignored. when an instruction is fetched, the least significant pc bit is regarded as 0. condition code register (ccr): this 8-bit register contains internal cpu status information, including the interrupt mask bit (i) and half-carry (h), negative (n), zero (z), overflow (v), and carry (c) flags. bit 7?nterrupt mask bit (i): masks interrupts other than nmi when set to 1. nmi is accepted regardless of the i bit setting. the i bit is set to 1 at the start of an exception-handling sequence. bit 6?ser bit or interrupt mask bit (ui): can be written and read by software using the ldc, stc, andc, orc, and xorc instructions. this bit can also be used as an interrupt mask bit. for details see section 5, interrupt controller. bit 5?alf-carry flag (h): when the add.b, addx.b, sub.b, subx.b, cmp.b, or neg.b instruction is executed, this flag is set to 1 if there is a carry or borrow at bit 3, and cleared to 0 otherwise. when the add.w, sub.w, cmp.w, or neg.w instruction is executed, the h flag is set to 1 if there is a carry or borrow at bit 11, and cleared to 0 otherwise. when the add.l, sub.l, cmp.l, or neg.l instruction is executed, the h flag is set to 1 if there is a carry or borrow at bit 27, and cleared to 0 otherwise. 23 bit 4?ser bit (u): can be written and read by software using the ldc, stc, andc, orc, and xorc instructions. bit 3?egative flag (n): stores the value of the most significant bit of data, regarded as the sign bit. bit 2?ero flag (z): set to 1 to indicate zero data, and cleared to 0 to indicate non-zero data. bit 1?verflow flag (v): set to 1 when an arithmetic overflow occurs, and cleared to 0 at other times. bit 0?arry flag (c): set to 1 when a carry is generated by execution of an operation, and cleared to 0 otherwise. used by: add instructions, to indicate a carry subtract instructions, to indicate a borrow shift and rotate instructions the carry flag is also used as a bit accumulator by bit manipulation instructions. some instructions leave flag bits unchanged. operations can be performed on ccr by the ldc, stc, andc, orc, and xorc instructions. the n, z, v, and c flags are used by conditional branch (bcc) instructions. for the action of each instruction on the flag bits, see appendix a.1, instruction list. for the i and ui bits, see section 5, interrupt controller. 2.4.4 initial cpu register values in reset exception handling, pc is initialized to a value loaded from the vector table, and the i bit in ccr is set to 1. the other ccr bits and the general registers are not initialized. in particular, the initial value of the stack pointer (er7) is also undefined. the stack pointer (er7) must therefore be initialized by an mov.l instruction executed immediately after a reset. 24 2.5 data formats the h8/300h cpu can process 1-bit, 4-bit (bcd), 8-bit (byte), 16-bit (word), and 32-bit (longword) data. bit-manipulation instructions operate on 1-bit data by accessing bit n (n = 0, 1, 2, ? 7) of byte operand data. the daa and das decimal-adjust instructions treat byte data as two digits of 4-bit bcd data. 2.5.1 general register data formats figures 2.6 and 2.7 show the data formats in general registers. 7 rnh rnl rnh rnl rnh rnl 1-bit data 1-bit data 4-bit bcd data 4-bit bcd data byte data byte data 6543210 70 don? care 76543210 70 don? care don? care 70 43 lower digit upper digit 7 43 lower digit upper digit don? care 0 70 don? care msb lsb don? care 70 msb lsb data type data format general register rnh: rnl: general register rh general register rl legend figure 2.6 general register data formats 25 rn en ern word data word data longword data 15 0 msb lsb general register data type data format 15 0 msb lsb 31 16 msb 15 0 lsb legend ern: en: rn: msb: lsb: general register general register e general register r most significant bit least significant bit figure 2.7 general register data formats 26 2.5.2 memory data formats figure 2.8 shows the data formats on memory. the h8/300h cpu can access word data and longword data on memory, but word or longword data must begin at an even address. if an attempt is made to access word or longword data at an odd address, no address error occurs but the least significant bit of the address is regarded as 0, so the access starts at the preceding address. this also applies to instruction fetches. 76543210 address l address l lsb msb msb lsb 70 msb lsb 1-bit data byte data word data longword data address data type data format address 2m address 2m + 1 address 2n address 2n + 1 address 2n + 2 address 2n + 3 figure 2.8 memory data formats when er7 (sp) is used as an address register to access the stack, the operand size should be word size or longword size. 27 2.6 instruction set 2.6.1 instruction set overview the h8/300h cpu has 62 types of instructions, which are classified in table 2.1. table 2.1 instruction classification function instruction types data transfer mov, push * 1 , pop * 1 , movtpe * 2 , movfpe * 2 3 arithmetic operations add, sub, addx, subx, inc, dec, adds, subs, daa, das, mulxu, mulxs, divxu, divxs, cmp, neg, exts, extu 18 logic operations and, or, xor, not 4 shift operations shal, shar, shll, shlr, rotl, rotr, rotxl, rotxr 8 bit manipulation bset, bclr, bnot, btst, band, biand, bor, bior, bxor, bixor, bld, bild, bst, bist 14 branch bcc * 3 , jmp, bsr, jsr, rts 5 system control trapa, rte, sleep, ldc, stc, andc, orc, xorc, nop 9 block data transfer eepmov 1 total 62 types notes: * 1 pop.w rn is identical to mov.w @sp+, rn. push.w rn is identical to mov.w rn, @?p. pop.l ern is identical to mov.l @sp+, rn. push.l ern is identical to mov.l rn, @?p. * 2 not available in the h8/3068f. * 3 bcc is a generic branching instruction. 28 2.6.2 instructions and addressing modes table 2.2 indicates the instructions available in the h8/300h cpu. table 2.2 instructions and addressing modes addressing modes function instruction #xx rn @ern @ (d:16, ern) @ (d:24, ern) @ern+/ @?rn @ aa:8 @ aa:16 @ aa:24 @ (d:8, pc) @ (d:16, pc) @@ aa:8 data mov bwl bwl bwl bwl bwl bwl b bwl bwl transfer pop, push ?l movfpe, movtpe arithmetic add, cmp bwl bwl operations sub wlbwl addx, subx b b adds, subs l inc, dec bwl daa, das b mulxu, bw mulxs, divxu, divxs neg bwl extu, exts wl logic operations and, or, xor bwl not bwl shift instructions bwl bit manipulation b b b branch bcc, bsr jmp, jsr rts system trapa control rte sleep ldc b b w www ww stc b w www ww andc, orc, xorc b nop block data transfer ?w 29 2.6.3 tables of instructions classified by function tables 2.3 to 2.10 summarize the instructions in each functional category. the operation notation used in these tables is defined next. operation notation rd general register (destination) * rs general register (source) * rn general register * ern general register (32-bit register or address register) (ead) destination operand (eas) source operand ccr condition code register n n (negative) flag of ccr z z (zero) flag of ccr v v (overflow) flag of ccr c c (carry) flag of ccr pc program counter sp stack pointer #imm immediate data disp displacement + addition subtraction multiplication ? division and logical or logical ? exclusive or logical ? move not (logical complement) :3/:8/:16/:24 3-, 8-, 16-, or 24-bit length note: * general registers include 8-bit registers (r0h to r7h, r0l to r7l), 16-bit registers (r0 to r7, e0 to e7), and 32-bit data or address registers (er0 to er7). 30 table 2.3 data transfer instructions instruction size * function mov b/w/l (eas) ? rd, rs ? (ead) moves data between two general registers or between a general register and memory, or moves immediate data to a general register. movfpe b (eas) ? rd cannot be used in this lsi. movtpe b rs ? (eas) cannot be used in this lsi. pop w/l @sp+ ? rn pops a general register from the stack. pop.w rn is identical to mov.w @sp+, rn. similarly, pop.l ern is identical to mov.l @sp+, ern. push w/l rn ? @?p pushes a general register onto the stack. push.w rn is identical to mov.w rn, @?p. similarly, push.l ern is identical to mov.l ern, @?p. note: * size refers to the operand size. b: byte w: word l: longword 31 table 2.4 arithmetic operation instructions instruction size * function add,sub b/w/l rd rs ? rd, rd #imm ? rd performs addition or subtraction on data in two general registers, or on immediate data and data in a general register. (immediate byte data cannot be subtracted from data in a general register. use the subx or add instruction.) addx, subx b rd rs c ? rd, rd #imm c ? rd performs addition or subtraction with carry or borrow on data in two general registers, or on immediate data and data in a general register. inc, dec b/w/l rd 1 ? rd, rd 2 ? rd increments or decrements a general register by 1 or 2. (byte operands can be incremented or decremented by 1 only.) adds, subs l rd 1 ? rd, rd 2 ? rd, rd 4 ? rd adds or subtracts the value 1, 2, or 4 to or from data in a 32-bit register. daa, das b rd decimal adjust ? rd decimal-adjusts an addition or subtraction result in a general register by referring to ccr to produce 4-bit bcd data. mulxu b/w rd rs ? rd performs unsigned multiplication on data in two general registers: either 8 bits 8 bits ? 16 bits or 16 bits 16 bits ? 32 bits. mulxs b/w rd rs ? rd performs signed multiplication on data in two general registers: either 8 bits 8 bits ? 16 bits or 16 bits 16 bits ? 32 bits. divxu b/w rd ? rs ? rd performs unsigned division on data in two general registers: either 16 bits ? 8 bits ? 8-bit quotient and 8-bit remainder or 32 bits ? 16 bits ? 16-bit quotient and 16-bit remainder divxs b/w rd ? rs ? rd performs signed division on data in two general registers: either 16 bits ? 8 bits ? 8-bit quotient and 8-bit remainder, or 32 bits ? 16 bits ? 16-bit quotient and 16-bit remainder cmp b/w/l rd ?rs, rd ?#imm compares data in a general register with data in another general register or with immediate data, and sets ccr according to the result. neg b/w/l 0 ?rd ? rd takes the two? complement (arithmetic complement) of data in a general register. 32 instruction size * function exts w/l rd (sign extension) ? rd extends byte data in the lower 8 bits of a 16-bit register to word data, or extends word data in the lower 16 bits of a 32-bit register to longword data, by extending the sign bit. extu w/l rd (zero extension) ? rd extends byte data in the lower 8 bits of a 16-bit register to word data, or extends word data in the lower 16 bits of a 32-bit register to longword data, by padding with zeros. note: * size refers to the operand size. b: byte w: word l: longword table 2.5 logic operation instructions instruction size * function and b/w/l rd rs ? rd, rd #imm ? rd performs a logical and operation on a general register and another general register or immediate data. or b/w/l rd rs ? rd, rd #imm ? rd performs a logical or operation on a general register and another general register or immediate data. xor b/w/l rd ? rs ? rd, rd ? #imm ? rd performs a logical exclusive or operation on a general register and another general register or immediate data. not b/w/l ?rd ? rd takes the one's complement (logical complement) of general register contents. note: * size refers to the operand size. b: byte w: word l: longword 33 table 2.6 shift instructions instruction size * function shal, shar b/w/l rd (shift) ? rd performs an arithmetic shift on general register contents. shll, shlr b/w/l rd (shift) ? rd performs a logical shift on general register contents. rotl, rotr b/w/l rd (rotate) ? rd rotates general register contents. rotxl, rotxr b/w/l rd (rotate) ? rd rotates general register contents, including the carry bit. note: * size refers to the operand size. b: byte w: word l: longword 34 table 2.7 bit manipulation instructions instruction size * function bset b 1 ? ( 35 instruction size * function bld b ( 36 table 2.8 branching instructions instruction size function bcc branches to a specified address if address specified condition is met. the branching conditions are listed below. mnemonic description condition bra (bt) always (true) always brn (bf) never (false) never bhi high c z = 0 bls low or same c z = 1 bcc (bhs) carry clear (high or same) c = 0 bcs (blo) carry set (low) c = 1 bne not equal z = 0 beq equal z = 1 bvc overflow clear v = 0 bvs overflow set v = 1 bpl plus n = 0 bmi minus n = 1 bge greater or equal n ? v = 0 blt less than n ? v = 1 bgt greater than z (n ? v) = 0 ble less or equal z (n ? v) = 1 jmp branches unconditionally to a specified address bsr branches to a subroutine at a specified address jsr branches to a subroutine at a specified address rts returns from a subroutine 37 table 2.9 system control instructions instruction size * function trapa starts trap-instruction exception handling rte returns from an exception-handling routine sleep causes a transition to the power-down state ldc b/w (eas) ? ccr moves the source operand contents to the condition code register. the condition code register size is one byte, but in transfer from memory, data is read by word access. stc b/w ccr ? (ead) transfers the ccr contents to a destination location. the condition code register size is one byte, but in transfer to memory, data is written by word access. andc b ccr #imm ? ccr logically ands the condition code register with immediate data. orc b ccr #imm ? ccr logically ors the condition code register with immediate data. xorc b ccr ? #imm ? ccr logically exclusive-ors the condition code register with immediate data. nop pc + 2 ? pc only increments the program counter. note: * size refers to the operand size. b: byte w: word 38 table 2.10 block transfer instruction instruction size function eepmov.b if r4l 1 0 then repeat @er5+ ? @er6+, r4l ?1 ? r4l until r4l = 0 else next; eepmov.w if r4 1 0 then repeat @er5+ ? @er6+, r4 ?1 ? r4 until r4 = 0 else next; block transfer instruction. this instruction transfers the number of data bytes specified by r4l or r4, starting from the address indicated by er5, to the location starting at the address indicated by er6. at the end of the transfer, the next instruction is executed. 2.6.4 basic instruction formats the h8/300h instructions consist of 2-byte (1-word) units. an instruction consists of an operation field (op field), a register field (r field), an effective address extension (ea field), and a condition field (cc). operation field: indicates the function of the instruction, the addressing mode, and the operation to be carried out on the operand. the operation field always includes the first 4 bits of the instruction. some instructions have two operation fields. register field: specifies a general register. address registers are specified by 3 bits, data registers by 3 bits or 4 bits. some instructions have two register fields. some have no register field. effective address extension: eight, 16, or 32 bits specifying immediate data, an absolute address, or a displacement. a 24-bit address or displacement is treated as 32-bit data in which the first 8 bits are 0 (h'00). condition field: specifies the branching condition of bcc instructions. figure 2.9 shows examples of instruction formats. 39 op nop, rts, etc. op rn rm op rn rm ea (disp) operation field only add.b rn, rm, etc. operation field and register fields mov.b @(d:16, rn), rm operation field, register fields, and effective address extension bra d:8 operation field, effective address extension, and condition field op cc ea (disp) figure 2.9 instruction formats 2.6.5 notes on use of bit manipulation instructions the bset, bclr, bnot, bst, and bist instructions read a byte of data, modify a bit in the byte, then write the byte back. care is required when these instructions are used to access registers with write-only bits, or to access ports. step description 1 read read one data byte at the specified address 2 modify modify one bit in the data byte 3 write write the modified data byte back to the specified address example 1: bclr is executed to clear bit 0 in the port 4 data direction register (p4ddr) under the following conditions. p4 7 , p4 6 : input pins p4 5 ?p4 0 : output pins the intended purpose of this bclr instruction is to switch p4 0 from output to input. before execution of bclr instruction p4 7 p4 6 p4 5 p4 4 p4 3 p4 2 p4 1 p4 0 input/output input input output output output output output output ddr 00111111 40 execution of bclr instruction bclr #0, @p4ddr ;clear bit 0 in data direction register after execution of bclr instruction p4 7 p4 6 p4 5 p4 4 p4 3 p4 2 p4 1 p4 0 input/output output output output output output output output input ddr 11111110 explanation: to execute the bclr instruction, the cpu begins by reading p4ddr. since p4ddr is a write-only register, it is read as h'ff, even though its true value is h'3f. next the cpu clears bit 0 of the read data, changing the value to h'fe. finally, the cpu writes this value (h'fe) back to p4ddr to complete the bclr instruction. as a result, p4 0 ddr is cleared to 0, making p4 0 an input pin. in addition, p4 7 ddr and p4 6 ddr are set to 1, making p4 7 and p4 6 output pins. the bclr instruction can be used to clear flags in the on-chip registers to 0. in an interrupt- handling routine, for example, if it is known that the flag is set to 1, it is not necessary to read the flag ahead of time. 41 2.7 addressing modes and effective address calculation 2.7.1 addressing modes the h8/300h cpu supports the eight addressing modes listed in table 2.11. each instruction uses a subset of these addressing modes. arithmetic and logic instructions can use the register direct and immediate modes. data transfer instructions can use all addressing modes except program- counter relative and memory indirect. bit manipulation instructions use register direct, register indirect, or absolute (@aa:8) addressing mode to specify an operand, and register direct (bset, bclr, bnot, and btst instructions) or immediate (3-bit) addressing mode to specify a bit number in the operand. table 2.11 addressing modes no. addressing mode symbol 1 register direct rn 2 register indirect @ern 3 register indirect with displacement @(d:16, ern)/@(d:24, ern) 4 register indirect with post-increment register indirect with pre-decrement @ern+ @?rn 5 absolute address @aa:8/@aa:16/@aa:24 6 immediate #xx:8/#xx:16/#xx:32 7 program-counter relative @(d:8, pc)/@(d:16, pc) 8 memory indirect @@aa:8 1 register direct?n: the register field of the instruction code specifies an 8-, 16-, or 32-bit register containing the operand. r0h to r7h and r0l to r7l can be specified as 8-bit registers. r0 to r7 and e0 to e7 can be specified as 16-bit registers. er0 to er7 can be specified as 32-bit registers. 2 register indirect?ern: the register field of the instruction code specifies an address register (ern), the lower 24 bits of which contain the address of the operand. 3 register indirect with displacement?(d:16, ern) or @(d:24, ern): a 16-bit or 24-bit displacement contained in the instruction code is added to the contents of an address register (ern) specified by the register field of the instruction, and the lower 24 bits of the sum specify the address of a memory operand. a 16-bit displacement is sign-extended when added. 42 4 register indirect with post-increment or pre-decrement?ern+ or @?rn: register indirect with post-increment?@ern+ the register field of the instruction code specifies an address register (ern) the lower 24 bits of which contain the address of a memory operand. after the operand is accessed, 1, 2, or 4 is added to the address register contents (32 bits) and the sum is stored in the address register. the value added is 1 for byte access, 2 for word access, or 4 for longword access. for word or longword access, the register value should be even. register indirect with pre-decrement?@eern the value 1, 2, or 4 is subtracted from an address register (ern) specified by the register field in the instruction code, and the lower 24 bits of the result become the address of a memory operand. the result is also stored in the address register. the value subtracted is 1 for byte access, 2 for word access, or 4 for longword access. for word or longword access, the resulting register value should be even. 5 absolute address?aa:8, @aa:16, or @aa:24: the instruction code contains the absolute address of a memory operand. the absolute address may be 8 bits long (@aa:8), 16 bits long (@aa:16), or 24 bits long (@aa:24). for an 8-bit absolute address, the upper 16 bits are all assumed to be 1 (h'ffff). for a 16-bit absolute address the upper 8 bits are a sign extension. a 24-bit absolute address can access the entire address space. table 2.12 indicates the accessible address ranges. table 2.12 absolute address access ranges absolute address 1-mbyte modes 16-mbyte modes 8 bits (@aa:8) h'fff00 to h'fffff (1048320 to 1048575) h'ffff00 to h'ffffff (16776960 to 16777215) 16 bits (@aa:16) h'00000 to h'07fff, h'f8000 to h'fffff (0 to 32767, 1015808 to 1048575) h'000000 to h'007fff, h'ff8000 to h'ffffff (0 to 32767, 16744448 to 16777215) 24 bits (@aa:24) h'00000 to h'fffff (0 to 1048575) h'000000 to h'ffffff (0 to 16777215) 6 immediate?xx:8, #xx:16, or #xx:32: the instruction code contains 8-bit (#xx:8), 16-bit (#xx:16), or 32-bit (#xx:32) immediate data as an operand. the instruction codes of the adds, subs, inc, and dec instructions contain immediate data implicitly. the instruction codes of some bit manipulation instructions contain 3-bit immediate data specifying a bit number. the trapa instruction code contains 2-bit immediate data specifying a vector address. 43 7 program-counter relative?(d:8, pc) or @(d:16, pc): this mode is used in the bcc and bsr instructions. an 8-bit or 16-bit displacement contained in the instruction code is sign- extended to 24 bits and added to the 24-bit pc contents to generate a 24-bit branch address. the pc value to which the displacement is added is the address of the first byte of the next instruction, so the possible branching range is ?26 to +128 bytes (?3 to +64 words) or ?2766 to +32768 bytes (?6383 to +16384 words) from the branch instruction. the resulting value should be an even number. 8 memory indirect?@aa:8: this mode can be used by the jmp and jsr instructions. the instruction code contains an 8-bit absolute address specifying a memory operand. this memory operand contains a branch address. the memory operand is accessed by longword access. the first byte of the memory operand is ignored, generating a 24-bit branch address. see figure 2.10. the upper bits of the 8-bit absolute address are assumed to be 0 (h'0000), so the address range is 0 to 255 (h'000000 to h'0000ff). note that the first part of this range is also the exception vector area. for further details see section 5, interrupt controller. specified by @aa:8 reserved branch address figure 2.10 memory-indirect branch address specification when a word-size or longword-size memory operand is specified, or when a branch address is specified, if the specified memory address is odd, the least significant bit is regarded as 0. the accessed data or instruction code therefore begins at the preceding address. see section 2.5.2, memory data formats. 2.7.2 effective address calculation table 2.13 explains how an effective address is calculated in each addressing mode. in the 1-mbyte operating modes the upper 4 bits of the calculated address are ignored in order to generate a 20-bit effective address. 44 table 2.13 effective address calculation addressing mode and instruction format no. effective address calculation effective address register direct (rn) 1 operand is general register contents op rm rn register indirect (@ern) 2 op r general register contents 31 0 23 0 register indirect with displacement @(d:16, ern)/@(d:24, ern) 3 op r general register contents 31 0 23 0 sign extension disp register indirect with post-increment or pre-decrement 4 general register contents 31 0 23 0 1, 2, or 4 op r general register contents 31 0 23 0 1, 2, or 4 op r register indirect with post-increment @ern+ register indirect with pre-decrement @?rn 1 for a byte operand, 2 for a word operand, 4 for a longword operand 45 addressing mode and instruction format no. effective address calculation effective address absolute address @aa:8 5 op program-counter relative @(d:8, pc) or @(d:16, pc) 7 0 23 0 abs 23 0 87 @aa:16 @aa:24 op abs 23 0 16 15 h'ffff sign extension op 23 0 abs immediate #xx:8, #xx:16, or #xx:32 6 operand is immediate data op disp 23 0 pc contents disp op imm sign extension 46 addressing mode and instruction format no. effective address calculation effective address 8 legend r, rm, rn: op: disp: imm: abs: register field operation field displacement immediate data absolute address memory indirect @@aa:8 8 op 23 0 abs 23 0 87 h'0000 15 0 abs 16 15 normal mode op 23 0 abs 23 0 87 h'0000 0 abs advanced mode 31 h'00 memory contents memory contents 47 2.8 processing states 2.8.1 overview the h8/300h cpu has five processing states: the program execution state, exception-handling state, power-down state, reset state, and bus-released state. the power-down state includes sleep mode, software standby mode, and hardware standby mode. figure 2.11 classifies the processing states. figure 2.13 indicates the state transitions. processing states program execution state bus-released state reset state power-down state the cpu executes program instructions in sequence a transient state in which the cpu executes a hardware sequence (saving pc and ccr, fetching a vector, etc.) in response to a reset, interrupt, or other exception the external bus has been released in response to a bus request signal from a bus master other than the cpu the cpu and all on-chip supporting modules are initialized and halted the cpu is halted to conserve power sleep mode software standby mode hardware standby mode exception-handling state figure 2.11 processing states 48 2.8.2 program execution state in this state the cpu executes program instructions in normal sequence. 2.8.3 exception-handling state the exception-handling state is a transient state that occurs when the cpu alters the normal program flow due to a reset, interrupt, or trap instruction. the cpu fetches a starting address from the exception vector table and branches to that address. in interrupt and trap exception handling the cpu references the stack pointer (er7) and saves the program counter and condition code register. types of exception handling and their priority: exception handling is performed for resets, interrupts, and trap instructions. table 2.14 indicates the types of exception handling and their priority. trap instruction exceptions are accepted at all times in the program execution state. table 2.14 exception handling types and priority priority type of exception detection timing start of exception handling high reset synchronized with clock exception handling starts immediately when res changes from low to high interrupt end of instruction execution or end of exception handling * when an interrupt is requested, exception handling starts at the end of the current instruction or current exception-handling sequence low trap instruction when trapa instruction is executed exception handling starts when a trap (trapa) instruction is executed note: * interrupts are not detected at the end of the andc, orc, xorc, and ldc instructions, or immediately after reset exception handling. figure 2.12 classifies the exception sources. for further details about exception sources, vector numbers, and vector addresses, see section 4, exception handling, and section 5, interrupt controller. exception sources reset interrupt trap instruction external interrupts internal interrupts (from on-chip supporting modules) figure 2.12 classification of exception sources 49 bus-released state exception-handling state reset state program execution state sleep mode software standby mode hardware standby mode power-down state bus request end of bus release end of bus release bus request end of exception handling exception handling source interrupt source sleep instruction with ssby = 0 sleep instruction with ssby = 1 nmi, irq , irq , or irq interrupt stby="high", res ="low" res = "high" 01 2 * 1 * 2 notes: * 1 * 2 from any state except hardware standby mode, a transition to the reset state occurs whenever goes low. from any state, a transition to hardware standby mode occurs when goes low. res stby figure 2.13 state transitions 50 2.8.4 exception-handling sequences reset exception handling: reset exception handling has the highest priority. the reset state is entered when the res signal goes low. reset exception handling starts after that, when res changes from low to high. when reset exception handling starts the cpu fetches a start address from the exception vector table and starts program execution from that address. all interrupts, including nmi, are disabled during the reset exception-handling sequence and immediately after it ends. interrupt exception handling and trap instruction exception handling: when these exception-handling sequences begin, the cpu references the stack pointer (er7) and pushes the program counter and condition code register on the stack. next, if the ue bit in the system control register (syscr) is set to 1, the cpu sets the i bit in the condition code register to 1. if the ue bit is cleared to 0, the cpu sets both the i bit and the ui bit in the condition code register to 1. then the cpu fetches a start address from the exception vector table and execution branches to that address. figure 2.14 shows the stack after the exception-handling sequence. sp? sp? sp? sp? sp (er7) before exception handling starts sp (er7) sp+1 sp+2 sp+3 sp+4 after exception handling ends stack area ccr pc even address pushed on stack legend ccr: sp: condition code register stack pointer notes: 1. 2. pc is the address of the first instruction executed after the return from the exception-handling routine. registers must be saved and restored by word access or longword access, starting at an even address. figure 2.14 stack structure after exception handling 51 2.8.5 bus-released state in this state the bus is released to a bus master other than the cpu, in response to a bus request. the bus masters other than the cpu are the dma controller, the dram interface, and an external bus master. while the bus is released, the cpu halts except for internal operations. interrupt requests are not accepted. for details see section 6.10, bus arbiter. 2.8.6 reset state when the res input goes low all current processing stops and the cpu enters the reset state. the i bit in the condition code register is set to 1 by a reset. all interrupts are masked in the reset state. reset exception handling starts when the res signal changes from low to high. the reset state can also be entered by a watchdog timer overflow. for details see section 12, watchdog timer. 2.8.7 power-down state in the power-down state the cpu stops operating to conserve power. there are three modes: sleep mode, software standby mode, and hardware standby mode. sleep mode: a transition to sleep mode is made if the sleep instruction is executed while the ssby bit is cleared to 0 in the system control register (syscr). cpu operations stop immediately after execution of the sleep instruction, but the contents of cpu registers are retained. software standby mode: a transition to software standby mode is made if the sleep instruction is executed while the ssby bit is set to 1 in syscr. the cpu and clock halt and all on-chip supporting modules stop operating. the on-chip supporting modules are reset, but as long as a specified voltage is supplied the contents of cpu registers and on-chip ram are retained. the i/o ports also remain in their existing states. hardware standby mode: a transition to hardware standby mode is made when the stby input goes low. as in software standby mode, the cpu and all clocks halt and the on-chip supporting modules are reset, but as long as a specified voltage is supplied, on-chip ram contents are retained. for further information see section 20, power-down state. 52 2.9 basic operational timing 2.9.1 overview the h8/300h cpu operates according to the system clock (?. the interval from one rise of the system clock to the next rise is referred to as a ?tate.? a memory cycle or bus cycle consists of two or three states. the cpu uses different methods to access on-chip memory, the on-chip supporting modules, and the external address space. access to the external address space can be controlled by the bus controller. 2.9.2 on-chip memory access timing on-chip memory is accessed in two states. the data bus is 16 bits wide, permitting both byte and word access. figure 2.15 shows the on-chip memory access cycle. figure 2.16 indicates the pin states. t state bus cycle internal address bus internal read signal internal data bus (read access) internal write signal internal data bus (write access) f 1 t state 2 read data address write data figure 2.15 on-chip memory access cycle 53 t , , , as f 1 t 2 address bus d to d 15 0 rd hwr lwr high address high impedance figure 2.16 pin states during on-chip memory access 2.9.3 on-chip supporting module access timing the on-chip supporting modules are accessed in three states. the data bus is 8 or 16 bits wide, depending on the internal i/o register being accessed. figure 2.17 shows the on-chip supporting module access timing. figure 2.18 indicates the pin states. address bus internal read signal internal data bus internal write signal address internal data bus f t state bus cycle 1 t state 2 t state 3 read access write access write data read data figure 2.17 access cycle for on-chip supporting modules 54 t , , , as f 1 t 2 address bus d to d 15 0 rd hwr lwr high high impedance t 3 address figure 2.18 pin states during access to on-chip supporting modules 2.9.4 access to external address space the external address space is divided into eight areas (areas 0 to 7). bus-controller settings determine whether each area is accessed via an 8-bit or 16-bit bus, and whether it is accessed in two or three states. for details see section 6, bus controller. 55 section 3 mcu operating modes 3.1 overview 3.1.1 operating mode selection the h8/3068f has seven operating modes (modes 1 to 7) that are selected by the mode pins (md 2 to md 0 ) as indicated in table 3.1. the input at these pins determines the size of the address space and the initial bus mode. table 3.1 operating mode selection description operating mode pins initial bus on-chip on-chip mode md 2 md 1 md 0 address space mode * 1 rom ram ?00 mode 1 0 0 1 expanded mode 8 bits disabled enabled * 2 mode 2 0 1 0 expanded mode 16 bits disabled enabled * 2 mode 3 0 1 1 expanded mode 8 bits disabled enabled * 2 mode 4 1 0 0 expanded mode 16 bits disabled enabled * 2 mode 5 1 0 1 expanded mode 8 bits enabled enabled * 2 mode 6 1 1 0 single-chip normal mode enabled enabled mode 7 1 1 1 single-chip advanced mode enabled enabled notes: * 1 in modes 1 to 5, an 8-bit or 16-bit data bus can be selected on a per-area basis by settings made in the area bus width control register (abwcr). for details see section 6, bus controller. * 2 if the rame bit in syscr is cleared to 0, these addresses become external addresses. for the address space size there are three choices: 64 kbytes, 1 mbyte, or 16 mbyte.the external data bus is either 8 or 16 bits wide depending on abwcr settings. if 8-bit access is selected for all areas, 8-bit bus mode is used. for details see section 6, bus controller. modes 1 to 4 are externally expanded modes that enable access to external memory and peripheral devices and disable access to the on-chip rom. modes 1 and 2 support a maximum address space of 1 mbyte. modes 3 and 4 support a maximum address space of 16 mbytes. 56 mode 5 is an externally expanded mode that enables access to external memory and peripheral devices and also enables access to the on-chip rom. mode 5 supports a maximum address space of 16 mbytes. modes 6 and 7 are single-chip modes that operate using the on-chip rom, ram, and registers, and makes all i/o ports available. mode 6 supports a maximum address space of 64 kbytes. mode 7 supports a maximum address space of 1 mbyte. the h8/3068f can be used only in modes 1 to 7. the inputs at the mode pins must select one of these seven modes. the inputs at the mode pins must not be changed during operation. 3.1.2 register configuration the h8/3068f has a mode control register (mdcr) that indicates the inputs at the mode pins (md 2 to md 0 ), and a system control register (syscr). table 3.2 summarizes these registers. table 3.2 registers address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee011 mode control register mdcr r undetermined h'ee012 system control register syscr r/w h'09 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. 57 3.2 mode control register (mdcr) mdcr is an 8-bit read-only register that indicates the current operating mode of the h8/3068f. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 0 4 0 3 0 0 mds0 * r 2 mds2 * r 1 mds1 * r reserved bits mode select 2 to 0 bits indicating the current operating mode reserved bits note: * determined by pins md 2 to md 0 . bits 7 and 6?eserved: these bits can not be modified and are always read as 1. bits 5 to 3?eserved: these bits can not be modified and are always read as 0. bits 2 to 0?ode select 2 to 0 (mds2 to mds0): these bits indicate the logic levels at pins md 2 to md 0 (the current operating mode). mds2 to mds0 correspond to md 2 to md 0 . mds2 to mds0 are read-only bits. the mode pin (md 2 to md 0 ) levels are latched into these bits when mdcr is read. 58 3.3 system control register (syscr) syscr is an 8-bit register that controls the operation of the h8/3068f. bit initial value read/write 7 ssby 0 r/w 6 sts2 0 r/w 5 sts1 0 r/w 4 sts0 0 r/w 3 ue 1 r/w 0 rame 1 r/w 2 nmieg 0 r/w 1 ssoe 0 r/w software standby enables transition to software standby mode user bit enable selects whether to use the ui bit in ccr as a user bit or an interrupt mask bit nmi edge select selects the valid edge of the nmi input ram enable enables or disables on-chip ram standby timer select 2 to 0 these bits select the waiting time at recovery from software standby mode software standby output port enable selects the output state of the address bus and bus control signals in software standby mode bit 7?oftware standby (ssby): enables transition to software standby mode. (for further information about software standby mode see section 20, power-down state.) when software standby mode is exited by an external interrupt, this bit remains set to 1. to clear this bit, write 0. bit 7 ssby description 0 sleep instruction causes transition to sleep mode (initial value) 1 sleep instruction causes transition to software standby mode 59 bits 6 to 4?tandby timer select 2 to 0 (sts2 to sts0): these bits select the length of time the cpu and on-chip supporting modules wait for the internal clock oscillator to settle when software standby mode is exited by an external interrupt. when using a crystal oscillator, set these bits so that the waiting time will be at least 7 ms at the system clock rate. for further information about waiting time selection, see section 20.4.3, selection of waiting time for exit from software standby mode. bit 6 sts2 bit 5 sts1 bit 4 sts0 description 0 0 0 waiting time = 8,192 states (initial value) 0 0 1 waiting time = 16,384 states 0 1 0 waiting time = 32,768 states 0 1 1 waiting time = 65,536 states 1 0 0 waiting time = 131,072 states 1 0 1 waiting time = 262,144 states 1 1 0 waiting time = 1,024 states 1 1 1 illegal setting bit 3?ser bit enable (ue): selects whether to use the ui bit in the condition code register as a user bit or an interrupt mask bit. bit 3 ue description 0 ui bit in ccr is used as an interrupt mask bit 1 ui bit in ccr is used as a user bit (initial value) bit 2?mi edge select (nmieg): selects the valid edge of the nmi input. bit 2 nmieg description 0 an interrupt is requested at the falling edge of nmi (initial value) 1 an interrupt is requested at the rising edge of nmi 60 bit 1?oftware standby output port enable (ssoe): specifies whether the address bus and bus control signals ( cs 0 to cs 7 , as , rd , hwr , lwr , ucas , lcas , and rfsh ) are kept as outputs or fixed high, or placed in the high-impedance state in software standby mode. bit 1 ssoe description 0 in software standby mode, the address bus and bus control signals are all high- impedance (initial value) 1 in software standby mode, the address bus retains its output state and bus control signals are fixed high bit 0?am enable (rame): enables or disables the on-chip ram. the rame bit is initialized by the rising edge of the res signal. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bit 0 rame description 0 on-chip ram is disabled 1 on-chip ram is enabled (initial value) 3.4 operating mode descriptions 3.4.1 mode 1 ports 1, 2, and 5 function as address pins a 19 to a 0 , permitting access to a maximum 1-mbyte address space. the initial bus mode after a reset is 8 bits, with 8-bit access to all areas. if at least one area is designated for 16-bit access in abwcr, the bus mode switches to 16 bits. 3.4.2 mode 2 ports 1, 2, and 5 function as address pins a 19 to a 0 , permitting access to a maximum 1-mbyte address space. the initial bus mode after a reset is 16 bits, with 16-bit access to all areas. if all areas are designated for 8-bit access in abwcr, the bus mode switches to 8 bits. 3.4.3 mode 3 ports 1, 2, and 5 and part of port a function as address pins a 23 to a 0 , permitting access to a maximum 16-mbyte address space. the initial bus mode after a reset is 8 bits, with 8-bit access to all areas. if at least one area is designated for 16-bit access in abwcr, the bus mode switches to 16 bits. a 23 to a 21 are valid when 0 is written in bits 7 to 5 of the bus release control register (brcr). (in this mode a 20 is always used for address output.) 61 3.4.4 mode 4 ports 1, 2, and 5 and part of port a function as address pins a 23 to a 0 , permitting access to a maximum 16-mbyte address space. the initial bus mode after a reset is 16 bits, with 16-bit access to all areas. if all areas are designated for 8-bit access in abwcr, the bus mode switches to 8 bits. a 23 to a 21 are valid when 0 is written in bits 7 to 5 of brcr. (in this mode a 20 is always used for address output.) 3.4.5 mode 5 ports 1, 2, and 5 and part of port a can function as address pins a 23 to a 0 , permitting access to a maximum 16-mbyte address space, but following a reset they are input ports. to use ports 1, 2, and 5 as an address bus, the corresponding bits in their data direction registers (p1ddr, p2ddr, and p5ddr) must be set to 1. for a 23 to a 20 output, write 0 in bits 7 to 4 of brcr. the initial bus mode after a reset is 8 bits, with 8-bit access to all areas. if at least one area is designated for 16- bit access in abwcr, the bus mode switches to 16 bits. 3.4.6 mode 6 this mode operates using the on-chip rom, ram, and registers. all i/o ports are available. mode 6 supports a maximum address space of 64 kbytes. 3.4.7 mode 7 this mode operates using the on-chip rom, ram, and registers. all i/o ports are available. mode 7 supports a 1-mbyte address space. 62 3.5 pin functions in each operating mode the pin functions of ports 1 to 5 and port a vary depending on the operating mode. table 3.3 indicates their functions in each operating mode. table 3.3 pin functions in each mode port mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 6 mode 7 port 1 a 7 to a 0 a 7 to a 0 a 7 to a 0 a 7 to a 0 p1 7 to p1 0 * 2 p1 7 to p1 0 p1 7 to p1 0 port 2 a 15 to a 8 a 15 to a 8 a 15 to a 8 a 15 to a 8 p2 7 to p2 0 * 2 p2 7 to p2 0 p2 7 to p2 0 port 3 d 15 to d 8 d 15 to d 8 d 15 to d 8 d 15 to d 8 d 15 to d 8 p3 7 to p3 0 p3 7 to p3 0 port 4 p4 7 to p4 0 * 1 d 7 to d 0 * 1 p4 7 to p4 0 * 1 d 7 to d 0 * 1 p4 7 to p4 0 * 1 p4 7 to p4 0 p4 7 to p4 0 port 5 a 19 to a 16 a 19 to a 16 a 19 to a 16 a 19 to a 16 p5 3 to p5 0 * 2 p5 3 to p5 0 p5 3 to p5 0 port a pa 7 to pa 4 pa 7 to pa 4 pa 6 to pa 4 , a 20 * 3 pa 6 to pa 4 , a 20 * 3 pa 7 to pa 4 * 4 pa 7 to pa 4 pa 7 to pa 4 notes: * 1 initial state. the bus mode can be switched by settings in abwcr. these pins function as p4 7 to p4 0 in 8-bit bus mode, and as d 7 to d 0 in 16-bit bus mode. * 2 initial state. these pins become address output pins when the corresponding bits in the data direction registers (p1ddr, p2ddr, p5ddr) are set to 1. * 3 initial state. a 20 is always an address output pin. pa 6 to pa 4 are switched over to a 23 to a 21 output by writing 0 in bits 7 to 5 of brcr. * 4 initial state. pa 7 to pa 4 are switched over to a 23 to a 20 output by writing 0 in bits 7 to 4 of brcr. 63 3.6 memory map in each operating mode figure 3.1 to 3.2 show a memory maps of the h8/3068f. the address space is divided into eight areas. the emc bit in bcr can be read and written to select either of the two memory maps. for details, see section 6.2.5, bus control register (bcr). the initial bus mode differs between modes 1 and 2, and also between modes 3 and 4. the address locations of the on-chip ram and on-chip registers differ between the 64-kbyte mode (mode 6), the 1-mbyte modes (modes 1, 2, and 7), and the 16-mbyte modes (modes 3, 4, and 5). the address range specifiable by the cpu in the 8- and 16-bit absolute addressing modes (@aa:8 and @aa:16) also differs. 3.6.1 note on reserved areas the h8/3068f memory map includes reserved areas to which read/write access is prohibited. note that normal operation is not guaranteed if the following reserved areas are accessed. the reserved area in the internal i/o register space. the h8/3068f internal i/o register space includes a reserved area to which access is prohibited. for details see appendix b, internal i/o registers. 64 h'00000 h'000ff h'07fff memory-indirect branch addresses 16-bit absolute addresses modes 1 and 2 (1-mbyte expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled) h'1ffff h'20000 h'3ffff h'40000 h'5ffff h'60000 h'7ffff h'80000 h'9ffff h'a0000 h'bffff h'c0000 h'dffff h'e0000 area 0 area 1 area 2 area 3 area 4 area 5 area 6 area 7 external address space external address space vector area on-chip ram * on-chip ram * 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses h'f8000 h'fbf1f h'fbf20 h'fff00 h'fff1f h'fff20 h'fffe9 h'fffea h'fffff modes 3 and 4 (16-mbyte expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled) h'000000 h'0000ff h'007fff memory-indirect branch addresses 16-bit absolute addresses h'1fffff h'200000 area 0 area 1 area 2 area 3 area 4 area 5 area 6 area 7 external address space vector area external address space 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses h'ff8000 h'ffbf1f h'ffbf20 h'ffff1f h'ffff20 h'ffff00 h'ffffe9 h'ffffea h'ffffff h'3fffff h'400000 h'5fffff h'600000 h'7fffff h'800000 h'9fffff h'a00000 h'bfffff h'c00000 h'dfffff h'e00000 h'fee000 h'fee0ff internal i/o registers (1) internal i/o registers (1) internal i/o registers (2) internal i/o registers (2) external address space h'ee000 h'ee0ff external address space note: * external addresses can be accessed by disabling on-chip ram. figure 3.1(1) h8/3068f memory map in each operating mode 65 h'000000 h'0000ff h'007fff memory-indirect branch addresses 16-bit absolute addresses mode 5 (16-mbyte expanded mode with on-chip rom enabled) mode 6 (single-chip normal mode) mode 7 (single-chip advanced mode) h'05ffff h'060000 h'1fffff h'200000 h'3fffff h'400000 h'5fffff h'600000 h'7fffff h'800000 h'9fffff h'a00000 h'bfffff h'c00000 h'dfffff h'e00000 area 0 area 1 area 2 area 3 area 4 area 5 area 6 area 7 external address space external address space vector area on-chip rom on-chip ram * external address space internal i/o registers (1) internal i/o registers (1) internal i/o registers (2) 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses h'fee000 h'fee0ff h'ff8000 h'ffbf1f h'ffbf20 h'ffff00 h'ffff1f h'ffff20 h'ffffe9 h'ffffea h'ffffff h'00000 h'000ff memory-indirect branch addresses 16-bit absolute addresses vector area on-chip rom on-chip ram internal i/o registers(2) 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses h'ee000 h'ee0ff h'fff1f h'fff20 h'fbf20 h'fffe9 h'fffff h'fff00 h'07fff h'5ffff h'f8000 h'0000 h'00ff h'dfff h'e000 memory-indirect branch addresses vector area internal i/o registers (2) internal i/o registers (1) 8-bit absolute addresses h'e720 h'e0ff h'ff00 h'ff1f h'ff20 h'ffff h'ffe9 on-chip ram on-chip rom note: * external addresses can be accessed by disabling on-chip ram. figure 3.1(2) h8/3068f memory map in each operating mode (emc = 1) 66 vector area vector area external address space internal i/o registers (1) internal i/o registers (2) external address space on-chip ram (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (3) external address space on-chip ram (16 kbytes minus 96 bytes) external address space internal i/o registers (1) external address space on-chip ram (16 kbytes minus 96 bytes) internal i/o registers (2) external address space on-chip ram (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (3) h'00000 h'000ff h'07fff h'1ffff h'20000 h'3ffff h'40000 h'5ffff h'60000 h'7ffff h'80000 h'9ffff h'a0000 h'bffff h'c0000 h'dffff h'e0000 h'ee000 h'ee100 h'f8000 h'fbee0 h'ffe80 h'fff00 h'fff80 h'fffe0 h'fffff h'000000 h'0000ff h'007fff h'1fffff h'200000 h'3fffff h'400000 h'5fffff h'600000 h'7fffff h'800000 h'9fffff h'a00000 h'bfffff h'c00000 h'dfffff h'e00000 h'fee000 h'fee100 h'ff8000 h'ffbee0 h'fffe80 h'ffff00 h'ffff80 h'ffffe0 h'ffffff modes 1 and 2 (1-mbyte expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled) modes 3 and 4 (16-mbyte expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled) memory-indirect branch addresses 16-bit absolute addresses area 0 area 1 area 2 area 3 area 4 area 5 area 6 area 7 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses memory-indirect branch addresses 16-bit absolute addresses area 0 area 1 area 2 area 3 area 4 area 5 area 6 area 7 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses figure 3.2(1) h8/3068f memory map in each operating mode (emc = 0) 67 vector area on-chip rom (384 kbytes) external address space internal i/o registers (1) internal i/o registers (2) external address space on-chip ram (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (3) on-chip ram (16 kbytes minus 96 bytes) external address space vector area on-chip rom internal i/o registers (1) on-chip ram (16 kbytes minus 96 bytes) internal i/o registers (2) on-chip ram (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (3) h'00000 h'000ff h'07fff h'ee000 h'ee100 h'f8000 h'fbee0 h'ffe80 h'fff00 h'fff80 h'fffe0 h'fffff h'000000 h'0000ff h'007fff h'1fffff h'200000 h'05ffff h'060000 h'5ffff h'60000 h'3fffff h'400000 h'5fffff h'600000 h'7fffff h'800000 h'9fffff h'a00000 h'bfffff h'c00000 h'dfffff h'e00000 h'fee000 h'fee100 h'ff8000 h'ffbee0 h'fffe80 h'ffff00 h'ffff80 h'ffffe0 h'ffffff mode 5 (16-mbyte expanded mode with on-chip rom enabled) mode 7 (single-chip advanced mode) memory-indirect branch addresses 16-bit absolute addresses 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses memory-indirect branch addresses 16-bit absolute addresses area 0 area 1 area 2 area 3 area 4 area 5 area 6 area 7 8-bit absolute addresses 16-bit absolute addresses figure 3.2(2) h8/3068f memory map in each operating mode (emc = 0) 68 69 section 4 exception handling 4.1 overview 4.1.1 exception handling types and priority as table 4.1 indicates, exception handling may be caused by a reset, trap instruction, or interrupt. exception handling is prioritized as shown in table 4.1. if two or more exceptions occur simultaneously, they are accepted and processed in priority order. trap instruction exceptions are accepted at all times in the program execution state. table 4.1 exception types and priority priority exception type start of exception handling high reset starts immediately after a low-to-high transition at the res pin interrupt interrupt requests are handled when execution of the current instruction or handling of the current exception is completed low trap instruction (trapa) started by execution of a trap instruction (trapa) 4.1.2 exception handling operation exceptions originate from various sources. trap instructions and interrupts are handled as follows. 1. the program counter (pc) and condition code register (ccr) are pushed onto the stack. 2. the ccr interrupt mask bit is set to 1. 3. a vector address corresponding to the exception source is generated, and program execution starts from that address. for a reset exception, steps 2 and 3 above are carried out. 70 4.1.3 exception vector table the exception sources are classified as shown in figure 4.1. different vectors are assigned to different exception sources. table 4.2 lists the exception sources and their vector addresses. exception sources ? reset ? interrupts ? trap instruction external interrupts: internal interrupts: nmi, irq to irq 36 interrupts from on-chip supporting modules 0 5 figure 4.1 exception sources 71 table 4.2 exception vector table vector address * 1 exception source vector number advanced mode normal mode reset 0 h'0000 to h'0003 h'0000 to h'0001 reserved for system use 1 h'0004 to h'0007 h'0002 to h'0003 2 h'0008 to h'000b h'0004 to h'0005 3 h'000c to h'000f h'0006 to h'0007 4 h'0010 to h'0013 h'0008 to h'0009 5 h'0014 to h'0017 h'000a to h'000b 6 h'0018 to h'001b h'000c to h'000d external interrupt (nmi) 7 h'001c to h'001f h'000e to h'000f trap instruction (4 sources) 8 h'0020 to h'0023 h'0010 to h'0011 9 h'0024 to h'0027 h'0012 to h'0013 10 h'0028 to h'002b h'0014 to h'0015 11 h'002c to h'002f h'0016 to h'0017 external interrupt irq 0 12 h'0030 to h'0033 h'0018 to h'0019 external interrupt irq 1 13 h'0034 to h'0037 h'001a to h'001b external interrupt irq 2 14 h'0038 to h'003b h'001c to h'001d external interrupt irq 3 15 h'003c to h'003f h'001e to h'001f external interrupt irq 4 16 h'0040 to h'0043 h'0020 to h'0021 external interrupt irq 5 17 h'0044 to h'0047 h'0022 to h'0023 reserved for system use 18 h'0048 to h'004b h'0024 to h'0025 19 h'004c to h'004f h'0026 to h'0027 internal interrupts * 2 20 to 63 h'0050 to h'0053 to h'00fc to h'00ff h'0028 to h'0029 to h'007e to h'007f notes: * 1 lower 16 bits of the address. * 2 for the internal interrupt vectors, see section 5.3.3, interrupt vector table. 72 4.2 reset 4.2.1 overview a reset is the highest-priority exception. when the res pin goes low, all processing halts and the chip enters the reset state. a reset initializes the internal state of the cpu and the registers of the on-chip supporting modules. reset exception handling begins when the res pin changes from low to high. the chip can also be reset by overflow of the watchdog timer. for details see section 12, watchdog timer. 4.2.2 reset sequence the chip enters the reset state when the res pin goes low. to ensure that the chip is reset, hold the res pin low for at least 20 ms at power-up. to reset the chip during operation, hold the res pin low for at least 10 system clock ( f ) cycles. when the flash memory and flash memory r versions are used, the res pin must be held low for at least 20 system clock cycles. see appendix d.2, pin states at reset, for the states of the pins in the reset state. when the res pin goes high after being held low for the necessary time, the chip starts reset exception handling as follows. the internal state of the cpu and the registers of the on-chip supporting modules are initialized, and the i bit is set to 1 in ccr. the contents of the reset vector address (h'0000 to h'0003 in advanced mode, h'0000 to h'0001 in normal mode) are read, and program execution starts from the address indicated in the vector address. figure 4.2 shows the reset sequence in modes 1 and 3. figure 4.3 shows the reset sequence in modes 2 and 4. figure 4.4 shows the reset sequence in mode 6. 73 f address bus res rd hwr d to d 15 8 vector fetch internal processing prefetch of first program instruction (1), (3), (5), (7) (2), (4), (6), (8) (9) (10) note: after a reset, the wait-state controller inserts three wait states in every bus cycle. address of reset vector: (1) = h'000000, (3) = h'000001, (5) = h'000002, (7) = h'000003 start address (contents of reset exception handling vector address) start address first instruction of program high (1) (3) (5) (7) (9) (2) (4) (6) (8) (10) lwr , figure 4.2 reset sequence (modes 1 and 3) 74 f address bus res rd hwr d to d 15 0 vector fetch internal processing prefetch of first program instruction (1), (3) (2), (4) (5) (6) note: after a reset, the wait-state controller inserts three wait states in every bus cycle. high lwr , address of reset vector: (1) = h'000000, (3) = h'000002 start address (contents of reset exception handling vector address) start address first instruction of program (2) (4) (3) (1) (5) (6) figure 4.3 reset sequence (modes 2 and 4) 75 vector fetch internal processing prefetch of first program instruction f internal address bus res internal read signal internal write signal internal data bus (16 bits wide) (1) (2) (2) (3) (1) address of reset vector (h'0000) (2) start address (contents of reset exception handling vector address) (3) first instruction of program figure 4.4 reset sequence (mode 6) 4.2.3 interrupts after reset if an interrupt is accepted after a reset but before the stack pointer (sp) is initialized, pc and ccr will not be saved correctly, leading to a program crash. to prevent this, all interrupt requests, including nmi, are disabled immediately after a reset. the first instruction of the program is always executed immediately after the reset state ends. this instruction should initialize the stack pointer (example: mov.l #xx:32, sp). 76 4.3 interrupts interrupt exception handling can be requested by seven external sources (nmi, irq 0 to irq 5 ), and 36 internal sources in the on-chip supporting modules. figure 4.5 classifies the interrupt sources and indicates the number of interrupts of each type. the on-chip supporting modules that can request interrupts are the watchdog timer (wdt), dram interface, 16-bit timer, 8-bit timer, dma controller (dmac), serial communication interface (sci), and a/d converter. each interrupt source has a separate vector address. nmi is the highest-priority interrupt and is always accepted*. interrupts are controlled by the interrupt controller. the interrupt controller can assign interrupts other than nmi to two priority levels, and arbitrate between simultaneous interrupts. interrupt priorities are assigned in interrupt priority registers a and b (ipra and iprb) in the interrupt controller. note: * in the flash memory and flash memory r versions, nmi input is sometimes disabled. for details see section18.9, nmi input disable conditions. for details on interrupts see section 5, interrupt controller. interrupts external interrupts internal interrupts nmi (1) irq to irq (6) wdt * 1 (1) dram interface * 2 (1) 16-bit timer (9) 8-bit timer (8) dmac (4) sci (12) a/d converter (1) 0 5 notes: numbers in parentheses are the number of interrupt sources. * 1 when the watchdog timer is used as an interval timer, it generates an interrupt request at every counter overflow. * 2 when the dram interface is used as an interval timer, it generates an interrupt request at compare match. figure 4.5 interrupt sources and number of interrupts 77 4.4 trap instruction trap instruction exception handling starts when a trapa instruction is executed. if the ue bit is set to 1 in the system control register (syscr), the exception handling sequence sets the i bit to 1 in ccr. if the ue bit is 0, the i and ui bits are both set to 1. the trapa instruction fetches a start address from a vector table entry corresponding to a vector number from 0 to 3, which is specified in the instruction code. 78 4.5 stack status after exception handling figure 4.6 shows the stack after completion of trap instruction exception handling and interrupt exception handling. sp? sp? sp? sp? sp (er7) sp (er7) sp+1 sp+2 sp+3 sp+4 sp? sp? sp? sp? sp (er7) sp (er7) sp+1 sp+2 sp+3 sp+4 before exception handling before exception handling after exception handling stack area stack area ccr ccr * pc pc ccr pc pc pc h l e h l after exception handling even address even address pushed on stack pushed on stack a. normal mode b. advanced mode legend pce: pch: pcl: ccr: sp: notes: pc indicates the address of the first instruction that will be executed after return. registers must be saved in word or longword size at even addresses. ignored at return. 1. 2. * bits 23 to 16 of program counter (pc) bits 15 to 8 of program counter (pc) bits 7 to 0 of program counter (pc) condition code register stack pointer figure 4.6 stack after completion of exception handling 79 4.6 notes on stack usage when accessing word data or longword data, the h8/3068f regards the lowest address bit as 0. the stack should always be accessed by word access or longword access, and the value of the stack pointer (sp, er7) should always be kept even. use the following instructions to save registers: push.w rn (or mov.w rn, @?p) push.l ern (or mov.l ern, @?p) use the following instructions to restore registers: pop.w rn (or mov.w @sp+, rn) pop.l ern (or mov.l @sp+, ern) setting sp to an odd value may lead to a malfunction. figure 4.7 shows an example of what happens when the sp value is odd. trapa instruction executed ccr legend ccr: pc: r1l: sp: sp pc r1l pc sp sp mov. b r1l, @-er7 sp set to h'fffeff data saved above sp ccr contents lost condition code register program counter general register r1l stack pointer note: the diagram illustrates modes 3 and 4. h'fffefa h'fffefb h'fffefc h'fffefd h'fffeff figure 4.7 operation when sp value is odd 80 81 section 5 interrupt controller 5.1 overview 5.1.1 features the interrupt controller has the following features: interrupt priority registers (iprs) for setting interrupt priorities interrupts other than nmi can be assigned to two priority levels on a module-by-module basis in interrupt priority registers a and b (ipra and iprb). three-level masking by the i and ui bits in the cpu condition code register (ccr) seven external interrupt pins nmi has the highest priority and is always accepted*; either the rising or falling edge can be selected. for each of irq 0 to irq 5 , sensing of the falling edge or level sensing can be selected independently. note: * in the flash memory and flash memory r versions, nmi input is sometimes disabled. for details see section18.9, nmi input disable conditions. 82 5.1.2 block diagram figure 5.1 shows a block diagram of the interrupt controller. iscr ier ipra, iprb . . . ovf tme tei teie . . . . . . . cpu ccr i ui ue syscr iscr: ier: isr: ipra: iprb: syscr: nmi input irq input irq input section isr interrupt controller priority decision logic interrupt request vector number irq sense control register irq enable register irq status register interrupt priority register a interrupt priority register b system control register legend figure 5.1 interrupt controller block diagram 83 5.1.3 pin configuration table 5.1 lists the interrupt pins. table 5.1 interrupt pins name abbreviation i/o function nonmaskable interrupt nmi input nonmaskable interrupt * , rising edge or falling edge selectable external interrupt request 5 to 0 irq 5 to irq 0 input maskable interrupts, falling edge or level sensing selectable note: * nmi input is sometimes disabled. for details see 18.9, nmi input disabling conditions. 5.1.4 register configuration table 5.2 lists the registers of the interrupt controller. table 5.2 interrupt controller registers address * 1 name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee012 system control register syscr r/w h'09 h'ee014 irq sense control register iscr r/w h'00 h'ee015 irq enable register ier r/w h'00 h'ee016 irq status register isr r/(w) * 2 h'00 h'ee018 interrupt priority register a ipra r/w h'00 h'ee019 interrupt priority register b iprb r/w h'00 notes: * 1 lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 only 0 can be written, to clear flags. 84 5.2 register descriptions 5.2.1 system control register (syscr) syscr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls software standby mode, selects the action of the ui bit in ccr, selects the nmi edge, and enables or disables the on-chip ram. only bits 3 and 2 are described here. for the other bits, see section 3.3, system control register (syscr). syscr is initialized to h'09 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bit initial value read/write 7 ssby 0 r/w 6 sts2 0 r/w 5 sts1 0 r/w 4 sts0 0 r/w 3 ue 1 r/w 0 rame 1 r/w 2 nmieg 0 r/w 1 ssoe 0 r/w software standby standby timer select 2 to 0 user bit enable selects whether to use the ui bit in ccr as a user bit or interrupt mask bit nmi edge select selects the nmi input edge software standby output port enable ram enable 85 bit 3?ser bit enable (ue): selects whether to use the ui bit in ccr as a user bit or an interrupt mask bit. bit 3 ue description 0 ui bit in ccr is used as interrupt mask bit 1 ui bit in ccr is used as user bit (initial value) bit 2?mi edge select (nmieg): selects the nmi input edge. bit 2 nmieg description 0 interrupt is requested at falling edge of nmi input (initial value) 1 interrupt is requested at rising edge of nmi input 5.2.2 interrupt priority registers a and b (ipra, iprb) ipra and iprb are 8-bit readable/writable registers that control interrupt priority. 86 interrupt priority register a (ipra): ipra is an 8-bit readable/writable register in which interrupt priority levels can be set. bit initial value read/write 7 ipra7 0 r/w 6 ipra6 0 r/w 5 ipra5 0 r/w 4 ipra4 0 r/w 3 ipra3 0 r/w 0 ipra0 0 r/w 2 ipra2 0 r/w 1 ipra1 0 r/w priority level a7 selects the priority level of irq interrupt requests priority level a3 selects the priority level of wdt, dram interface, and a/d converter interrupt requests priority level a2 selects the priority level of 16-bit timer channel 0 interrupt requests priority level a1 selects the priority level of 16-bit timer channel 1 interrupt requests priority level a0 selects the priority level of 16-bit timer channel 2 interrupt requests selects the priority level of irq interrupt requests priority level a6 selects the priority level of irq and irq interrupt requests priority level a5 selects the priority level of irq and irq interrupt requests priority level a4 0 1 23 45 ipra is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. 87 bit 7?riority level a7 (ipra7): selects the priority level of irq 0 interrupt requests. bit 7 ipra7 description 0 irq 0 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 irq 0 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 6?riority level a6 (ipra6): selects the priority level of irq 1 interrupt requests. bit 6 ipra6 description 0 irq 1 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 irq 1 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 5?riority level a5 (ipra5): selects the priority level of irq 2 and irq 3 interrupt requests. bit 5 ipra5 description 0 irq 2 and irq 3 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 irq 2 and irq 3 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 4?riority level a4 (ipra4): selects the priority level of irq 4 and irq 5 interrupt requests. bit 4 ipra4 description 0 irq 4 and irq 5 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 irq 4 and irq 5 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) 88 bit 3?riority level a3 (ipra3): selects the priority level of wdt, dram interface, and a/d converter interrupt requests. bit 3 ipra3 description 0 wdt, dram interface, and a/d converter interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 wdt, dram interface, and a/d converter interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 2?riority level a2 (ipra2): selects the priority level of 16-bit timer channel 0 interrupt requests. bit 2 ipra2 description 0 16-bit timer channel 0 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 16-bit timer channel 0 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 1?riority level a1 (ipra1): selects the priority level of 16-bit timer channel 1 interrupt requests. bit 1 ipra1 description 0 16-bit timer channel 1 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 16-bit timer channel 1 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 0?riority level a0 (ipra0): selects the priority level of 16-bit timer channel 2 interrupt requests. bit 0 ipra0 description 0 16-bit timer channel 2 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 16-bit timer channel 2 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) 89 interrupt priority register b (iprb): iprb is an 8-bit readable/writable register in which interrupt priority levels can be set. bit initial value read/write 7 iprb7 0 r/w 6 iprb6 0 r/w 5 iprb5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 iprb3 0 r/w 0 0 r/w 2 iprb2 0 r/w 1 iprb1 0 r/w priority level b7 selects the priority level of 8-bit timer channel 0, 1 interrupt requests priority level b3 selects the priority level of sci channel 0 interrupt requests priority level b2 selects the priority level of sci channel 1 interrupt requests priority level b1 selects the priority level of sci channel 2 interrupt requests reserved bit selects the priority level of 8-bit timer channel 2, 3 interrupt requests priority level b6 selects the priority level of dmac interrupt requests (channels 0 and 1) priority level b5 reserved bit iprb is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. 90 bit 7?riority level b7 (iprb7): selects the priority level of 8-bit timer channel 0, 1 interrupt requests. bit 7 iprb7 description 0 8-bit timer channel 0, 1 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority)(initial value) 1 8-bit timer channel 0, 1 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 6?riority level b6 (iprb6): selects the priority level of 8-bit timer channel 2, 3 interrupt requests. bit 6 iprb6 description 0 8-bit timer channel 2, 3 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority)(initial value) 1 8-bit timer channel 2, 3 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 5?riority level b5 (iprb5): selects the priority level of dmac interrupt requests (channels 0 and 1). bit 5 iprb5 description 0 dmac interrupt requests (channels 0 and 1) have priority level 0 (initial value) (low priority) 1 dmac interrupt requests (channels 0 and 1) have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 4?eserved: this bit can be written and read, but it does not affect interrupt priority. 91 bit 3?riority level b3 (iprb3): selects the priority level of sci channel 0 interrupt requests. bit 3 iprb3 description 0 sci0 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 sci0 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 2?riority level b2 (iprb2): selects the priority level of sci channel 1 interrupt requests. bit 2 iprb2 description 0 sci1 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 sci1 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 1?riority level b1 (iprb1): selects the priority level of sci channel 2 interrupt requests. bit 1 iprb1 description 0 sci channel 2 interrupt requests have priority level 0 (low priority) (initial value) 1 sci channel 2 interrupt requests have priority level 1 (high priority) bit 0?eserved: this bit can be written and read, but it does not affect interrupt priority. 92 5.2.3 irq status register (isr) isr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that indicates the status of irq 0 to irq 5 interrupt requests. bit initial value read/write 7 0 ? these bits indicate irq to irq interrupt request status note: * only 0 can be written, to clear flags. 6 0 5 irq5f 0 r/(w) * 4 irq4f 0 r/(w) * 3 irq3f 0 r/(w) * 2 irq2f 0 r/(w) * 1 irq1f 0 r/(w) * 0 irq0f 0 r/(w) * 50 irq to irq flags 50 reserved bits isr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. bits 7 and 6?eserved: these bits can not be modified and are always read as 0. bits 5 to 0?rq 5 to irq 0 flags (irq5f to irq0f): these bits indicate the status of irq 5 to irq 0 interrupt requests. bits 5 to 0 irq5f to irq0f description 0 [clearing conditions] (initial value) 0 is written in irqnf after reading the irqnf flag when irqnf = 1. irqnsc = 0, irqn input is high, and interrupt exception handling is carried out. irqnsc = 1 and irqn interrupt exception handling is carried out. 1 [setting conditions] irqnsc = 0 and irqn input is low. irqnsc = 1 and irqn input changes from high to low. note: n = 5 to 0 93 5.2.4 irq enable register (ier) ier is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables irq 5 to irq 0 interrupt requests. bit initial value read/write 7 0 r/w these bits enable or disable irq to irq interrupts 6 0 r/w 5 irq5e 0 r/w 4 irq4e 0 r/w 3 irq3e 0 r/w 2 irq2e 0 r/w 1 irq1e 0 r/w 0 irq0e 0 r/w 50 irq to irq enable 50 reserved bits ier is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. bits 7 and 6?eserved: these bits can be written and read, but they do not enable or disable interrupts. bits 5 to 0?rq 5 to irq 0 enable (irq5e to irq0e): these bits enable or disable irq 5 to irq 0 interrupts. bits 5 to 0 irq5e to irq0e description 0 irq 5 to irq 0 interrupts are disabled (initial value) 1 irq 5 to irq 0 interrupts are enabled 94 5.2.5 irq sense control register (iscr) iscr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects level sensing or falling-edge sensing of the inputs at pins irq 5 to irq 0 . bit initial value read/write 7 ? 0 r/w these bits select level sensing or falling-edge sensing for irq to irq interrupts 6 ? 0 r/w 5 irq5sc 0 r/w 4 irq4sc 0 r/w 3 irq3sc 0 r/w 2 irq2sc 0 r/w 1 irq1sc 0 r/w 0 irq0sc 0 r/w 50 irq to irq sense control 50 reserved bits iscr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. bits 7 and 6?reserved: these bits can be written and read, but they do not select level or falling-edge sensing. bits 5 to 0?irq 5 to irq 0 sense control (irq5sc to irq0sc): these bits select whether interrupts irq 5 to irq 0 are requested by level sensing of pins irq 5 to irq 0 , or by falling-edge sensing. bits 5 to 0 irq5sc to irq0sc description 0 interrupts are requested when irq 5 to irq 0 inputs are low (initial value) 1 interrupts are requested by falling-edge input at irq 5 to irq 0 95 5.3 interrupt sources the interrupt sources include external interrupts (nmi, irq 0 to irq 5 ) and 36 internal interrupts. 5.3.1 external interrupts there are seven external interrupts: nmi, and irq 0 to irq 5 . of these, nmi, irq 0 , irq 1 , and irq 2 can be used to exit software standby mode. nmi: nmi is the highest-priority interrupt and is always accepted, regardless of the states of the i and ui bits in ccr*. the nmieg bit in syscr selects whether an interrupt is requested by the rising or falling edge of the input at the nmi pin. nmi interrupt exception handling has vector number 7. note: * nmi input is sometimes disabled. for details see section18.9, nmi input disabling conditions. irq 0 to irq 5 interrupts: these interrupts are requested by input signals at pins irq 0 to irq 5 . the irq 0 to irq 5 interrupts have the following features. iscr settings can select whether an interrupt is requested by the low level of the input at pins irq 0 to irq 5 , or by the falling edge. ier settings can enable or disable the irq 0 to irq 5 interrupts. interrupt priority levels can be assigned by four bits in ipra (ipra7 to ipra4). the status of irq 0 to irq 5 interrupt requests is indicated in isr. the isr flags can be cleared to 0 by software. figure 5.2 shows a block diagram of interrupts irq 0 to irq 5 . input edge/level sense circuit irqnsc irqnf s r q irqne irqn interrupt request clear signal irqn note: n = 5 to 0 figure 5.2 block diagram of interrupts irq 0 to irq 5 96 figure 5.3 shows the timing of the setting of the interrupt flags (irqnf). f irqn irqnf note: n = 5 to 0 input pin figure 5.3 timing of setting of irqnf interrupts irq 0 to irq 5 have vector numbers 12 to 17. these interrupts are detected regardless of whether the corresponding pin is set for input or output. when using a pin for external interrupt input, clear its ddr bit to 0 and do not use the pin for chip select output, refresh output, sci input/output, or a/d external trigger input. 5.3.2 internal interrupts thirty-six internal interrupts are requested from the on-chip supporting modules. each on-chip supporting module has status flags for indicating interrupt status, and enable bits for enabling or disabling interrupts. interrupt priority levels can be assigned in ipra and iprb. 16-bit timer, sci, and a/d converter interrupt requests can activate the dmac, in which case no interrupt request is sent to the interrupt controller, and the i and ui bits are disregarded. 5.3.3 interrupt vector table table 5.3 lists the interrupt sources, their vector addresses, and their default priority order. in the default priority order, smaller vector numbers have higher priority. the priority of interrupts other than nmi can be changed in ipra and iprb. the priority order after a reset is the default order shown in table 5.3. 97 table 5.3 interrupt sources, vector addresses, and priority vector vector address * interrupt source origin number advanced mode normal mode ipr priority nmi external 7 h'001c to h'001f h'000e to h'000f high irq 0 pins 12 h'0030 to h'0033 h'0018 to h'0019 ipra7 irq 1 13 h'0034 to h0037 h'001a to h'001b ipra6 irq 2 irq 3 14 15 h'0038 to h'003b h'003c to h'003f h'001c to h'001d h'001e to h'001f ipra5 irq 4 irq 5 16 17 h'0040 to h'0043 h'0044 to h'0047 h'0020 to h'0021 h'0022 to h'0023 ipra4 reserved 18 19 h'0048 to h'004b h'004c to h'004f h'0024 to h'0025 h'0026 to h'0027 wovi (interval timer) watchdog timer 20 h'0050 to h'0053 h'0028 to h'0029 ipra3 cmi (compare match) dram interface 21 h'0054 to h'0057 h'002a to h'002b reserved 22 h'0058 to h'005b h'002c to h'002d adi (a/d end) a/d 23 h'005c to h'005f h'002e to h'002f imia0 (compare match/ input capture a0) imib0 (compare match/ input capture b0) ovi0 (overflow 0) 16-bit timer channel 0 24 25 26 h'0060 to h'0063 h'0064 to h'0067 h'0068 to h'006b h'0030 to h'0031 h'0032 to h'0033 h'0034 to h'0035 ipra2 reserved 27 h'006c to h'006f h'0036 to h'0037 imia1 (compare match/ inputcapture a1) imib1 (compare match/ input capture b1) ovi1 (overflow 1) 16-bit timer channel 1 28 29 30 h'0070 to h'0073 h'0074 to h'0077 h'0078 to h'007b h'0038 to h'0039 h'003a to h'003b h'003c to h'003d ipra1 reserved 31 h'007c to h'007f h'003e to h'003f low note: * lower 16 bits of the address. 98 vector vector address * interrupt source origin number advanced mode normal mode ipr priority imia2 (compare match/ input capture a2) imib2 (compare match/ input capture b2) ovi2 (overflow 2) 16-bit timer channel 2 32 33 34 h'0080 to h'0083 h'0084 to h'0087 h'0088 to h'008b h'0040 to h'0041 h'0042 to h'0043 h'0044 to h'0045 ipra0 high reserved 35 h'008c to h'008f h'0046 to h'0047 cmia0 (compare match a0) cmib0 (compare match b0) cmia1/cmib1 (compare match a1/b1) tovi0/tovi1 (overflow 0/1) 8-bit timer channel 0/1 36 37 38 39 h'0090 to h'0093 h'0094 to h'0097 h'0098 to h'009b h'009c to h'009f h'0048 to h'0049 h'004a to h'004b h'004c to h'004d h'004e to h'004f iprb7 cmia2 (compare match a2) cmib2 (compare match b2) cmia3/cmib3 (compare match a3/b3) tovi2/tovi3 (overflow 2/3) 8-bit timer channel 2/3 40 41 42 43 h'00a0 to h'00a3 h'00a4 to h'00a7 h'00a8 to h'00ab h'00ac to h'00af h'0050 to h'0051 h'0052 to h'0053 h'0054 to h'0055 h'0056 to h'0057 iprb6 dend0a dend0b dend1a dend1b dmac 44 45 46 47 h'00b0 to h'00b3 h'00b4 to h'00b7 h'00b8 to h'00bb h'00bc to h'00bf h'0058 to h'0059 h'005a to h'005b h'005c to h'005d h'005e to h'005f iprb5 reserved 48 49 50 51 h'00c0 to h'00c3 h'00c4 to h'00c7 h'00c8 to h'00cb h'00cc to h'00cf h'0060 to h'0061 h'0062 to h'0063 h'0064 to h'0065 h'0066 to h'0067 low note: * lower 16 bits of the address. 99 vector vector address * interrupt source origin number advanced mode normal mode ipr priority eri0 (receive error 0) rxi0 (receive data full 0) txi0 (transmit data empty 0) tei0 (transmit end 0) sci channel 0 52 53 54 55 h'00d0 to h'00d3 h'00d4 to h'00d7 h'00d8 to h'00db h'00dc to h'00df h'0068 to h'0069 h'006a to h'006b h'006c to h'006d h'006e to h'006f iprb3 high eri1 (receive error 1) rxi1 (receive data full 1) txi1 (transmit data empty 1) tei1 (transmit end 1) sci channel 1 56 57 58 59 h'00e0 to h'00e3 h'00e4 to h'00e7 h'00e8 to h'00eb h'00ec to h'00ef h'0070 to h'0071 h'0072 to h'0073 h'0074 to h'0075 h'0076 to h'0077 iprb2 eri2 (receive error 2) rxi2 (receive data full 2) txi2 (transmit data empty 2) tei2 (transmit end 2) sci channel 2 60 61 62 63 h'00f0 to h'00f3 h'00f4 to h'00f7 h'00f8 to h'00fb h'00fc to h'00ff h'0078 to h'0079 h'007a to h'007b h'007c to h'007d h'007e to h'007f iprb1 low note: * lower 16 bits of the address. 100 5.4 interrupt operation 5.4.1 interrupt handling process the h8/3068f handles interrupts differently depending on the setting of the ue bit. when ue = 1, interrupts are controlled by the i bit. when ue = 0, interrupts are controlled by the i and ui bits. table 5.4 indicates how interrupts are handled for all setting combinations of the ue, i, and ui bits. nmi interrupts are always accepted except in the reset and hardware standby states*. irq interrupts and interrupts from the on-chip supporting modules have their own enable bits. interrupt requests are ignored when the enable bits are cleared to 0. note: * nmi input is sometimes disabled. for details see section 18.9, nmi input disabling conditions. table 5.4 ue, i, and ui bit settings and interrupt handling syscr ccr ue i ui description 1 0 all interrupts are accepted. interrupts with priority level 1 have higher priority. 1 no interrupts are accepted except nmi. 0 0 all interrupts are accepted. interrupts with priority level 1 have higher priority. 1 0 nmi and interrupts with priority level 1 are accepted. 1 no interrupts are accepted except nmi. ue = 1: interrupts irq 0 to irq 5 and interrupts from the on-chip supporting modules can all be masked by the i bit in the cpu? ccr. interrupts are masked when the i bit is set to 1, and unmasked when the i bit is cleared to 0. interrupts with priority level 1 have higher priority. figure 5.4 is a flowchart showing how interrupts are accepted when ue = 1. 101 program execution state interrupt requested? nmi no yes no yes no priority level 1? no irq 0 yes no irq 1 yes tei2 yes no irq 0 yes no irq 1 yes tei2 yes no i = 0 yes save pc and ccr i 1 branch to interrupt service routine ? pending yes read vector address figure 5.4 process up to interrupt acceptance when ue = 1 102 if an interrupt condition occurs and the corresponding interrupt enable bit is set to 1, an interrupt request is sent to the interrupt controller. when the interrupt controller receives one or more interrupt requests, it selects the highest- priority request, following the ipr interrupt priority settings, and holds other requests pending. if two or more interrupts with the same ipr setting are requested simultaneously, the interrupt controller follows the priority order shown in table 5.3. the interrupt controller checks the i bit. if the i bit is cleared to 0, the selected interrupt request is accepted. if the i bit is set to 1, only nmi is accepted; other interrupt requests are held pending. when an interrupt request is accepted, interrupt exception handling starts after execution of the current instruction has been completed. in interrupt exception handling, pc and ccr are saved to the stack area. the pc value that is saved indicates the address of the first instruction that will be executed after the return from the interrupt service routine. next the i bit is set to 1 in ccr, masking all interrupts except nmi. the vector address of the accepted interrupt is generated, and the interrupt service routine starts executing from the address indicated by the contents of the vector address. ue = 0: the i and ui bits in the cpu?s ccr and the ipr bits enable three-level masking of irq 0 to irq 5 interrupts and interrupts from the on-chip supporting modules. interrupt requests with priority level 0 are masked when the i bit is set to 1, and are unmasked when the i bit is cleared to 0. interrupt requests with priority level 1 are masked when the i and ui bits are both set to 1, and are unmasked when either the i bit or the ui bit is cleared to 0. for example, if the interrupt enable bits of all interrupt requests are set to 1, ipra is set to h'20, and iprb is set to h'00 (giving irq 2 and irq 3 interrupt requests priority over other interrupts), interrupts are masked as follows: a. if i = 0, all interrupts are unmasked (priority order: nmi > irq 2 > irq 3 >irq 0 ). b. if i = 1 and ui = 0, only nmi, irq 2 , and irq 3 are unmasked. c. if i = 1 and ui = 1, all interrupts are masked except nmi. 103 figure 5.5 shows the transitions among the above states. all interrupts are unmasked only nmi, irq , and irq are unmasked exception handling, or i 1, ui 1 a. b. 2 3 all interrupts are masked except nmi c. ui 0 i 0 exception handling, or ui 1 i 0 i 1, ui 0 ?? ? ? ? ? ?? figure 5.5 interrupt masking state transitions (example) figure 5.6 is a flowchart showing how interrupts are accepted when ue = 0. if an interrupt condition occurs and the corresponding interrupt enable bit is set to 1, an interrupt request is sent to the interrupt controller. when the interrupt controller receives one or more interrupt requests, it selects the highest- priority request, following the ipr interrupt priority settings, and holds other requests pending. if two or more interrupts with the same ipr setting are requested simultaneously, the interrupt controller follows the priority order shown in table 5.3. the interrupt controller checks the i bit. if the i bit is cleared to 0, the selected interrupt request is accepted regardless of its ipr setting, and regardless of the ui bit. if the i bit is set to 1 and the ui bit is cleared to 0, only nmi and interrupts with priority level 1 are accepted; interrupt requests with priority level 0 are held pending. if the i bit and ui bit are both set to 1, only nmi is accepted; all other interrupt requests are held pending. when an interrupt request is accepted, interrupt exception handling starts after execution of the current instruction has been completed. in interrupt exception handling, pc and ccr are saved to the stack area. the pc value that is saved indicates the address of the first instruction that will be executed after the return from the interrupt service routine. the i and ui bits are set to 1 in ccr, masking all interrupts except nmi. the vector address of the accepted interrupt is generated, and the interrupt service routine starts executing from the address indicated by the contents of the vector address. 104 program execution state interrupt requested? nmi no yes no yes no priority level 1? no irq 0 yes no irq 1 yes tei2 yes no irq 0 yes no irq 1 yes tei2 yes no i = 0 yes no i = 0 yes ui = 0 yes no save pc and ccr i 1, ui 1 ? pending branch to interrupt service routine yes ? read vector address figure 5.6 process up to interrupt acceptance when ue = 0 105 5.4.2 interrupt sequence figure 5.7 shows the interrupt sequence in mode 2 when the program code and stack are in an external memory area accessed in two states via a 16-bit bus. f address bus interrupt request signal rd hwr d to d 15 0 (1) (2), (4) (3) (5) (7) note: mode 2, with program code and stack in external memory area accessed in two states via 16-bit bus. lwr , interrupt level decision and wait for end of instruction interrupt accepted instruction prefetch internal processing stack vector fetch internal processing prefetch of interrupt service routine instruction high instruction prefetch address (not executed; return address, same as pc contents) instruction code (not executed) instruction prefetch address (not executed) sp e 2 sp e 4 (6), (8) (9), (11) (10), (12) (13) (14) pc and ccr saved to stack vector address starting address of interrupt service routine (contents of vector address) starting address of interrupt service routine; (13) = (10), (12) first instruction of interrupt service routine (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) figure 5.7 interrupt sequence 106 5.4.3 interrupt response time table 5.5 indicates the interrupt response time from the occurrence of an interrupt request until the first instruction of the interrupt service routine is executed. table 5.5 interrupt response time external memory on-chip 8-bit bus 16-bit bus no. item memory 2 states 3 states 2 states 3 states 1 interrupt priority decision 2 * 1 2 * 1 2 * 1 2 * 1 2 * 1 2 maximum number of states until end of current instruction 1 to 23 * 5 1 to 27 * 5 1 to 41 * 4, * 6 1 to 23 * 5 1 to 25 * 4, * 5 3 saving pc and ccr to stack 48 12 * 4 46 * 4 4 vector fetch 4 8 12 * 4 46 * 4 5 instruction prefetch * 2 48 12 * 4 46 * 4 6 internal processing * 3 44 4 4 4 total 19 to 41 31 to 57 43 to 83 19 to 41 25 to 49 notes: * 1 1 state for internal interrupts. * 2 prefetch after the interrupt is accepted and prefetch of the first instruction in the interrupt service routine. * 3 internal processing after the interrupt is accepted and internal processing after vector fetch. * 4 the number of states increases if wait states are inserted in external memory access. * 5 example for divxs.w rs,erd and mulxs.w rs,erd * 6 example for mov.l @(d:24,ers),erd and mov.l ers,@(d:24,erd) 107 5.5 usage notes 5.5.1 contention between interrupt and interrupt-disabling instruction when an instruction clears an interrupt enable bit to 0 to disable the interrupt, the interrupt is not disabled until after execution of the instruction is completed. if an interrupt occurs while a bclr, mov, or other instruction is being executed to clear its interrupt enable bit to 0, at the instant when execution of the instruction ends the interrupt is still enabled, so its interrupt exception handling is carried out. if a higher-priority interrupt is also requested, however, interrupt exception handling for the higher-priority interrupt is carried out, and the lower-priority interrupt is ignored. this also applies to the clearing of an interrupt flag to 0. figure 5.8 shows an example in which an imiea bit is cleared to 0 in the 16-bit timer's tisra register. imia exception handling tisra write cycle by cpu f tisra address internal address bus internal write signal imiea imia imfa interrupt signal figure 5.8 contention between interrupt and interrupt-disabling instruction this type of contention will not occur if the interrupt is masked when the interrupt enable bit or flag is cleared to 0. 108 5.5.2 instructions that inhibit interrupts the ldc, andc, orc, and xorc instructions inhibit interrupts. when an interrupt occurs, after determining the interrupt priority, the interrupt controller requests a cpu interrupt. if the cpu is currently executing one of these interrupt-inhibiting instructions, however, when the instruction is completed the cpu always continues by executing the next instruction. 5.5.3 interrupts during eepmov instruction execution the eepmov.b and eepmov.w instructions differ in their reaction to interrupt requests. when the eepmov.b instruction is executing a transfer, no interrupts are accepted until the transfer is completed, not even nmi. when the eepmov.w instruction is executing a transfer, interrupt requests other than nmi are not accepted until the transfer is completed. if nmi is requested, nmi exception handling starts at a transfer cycle boundary. the pc value saved on the stack is the address of the next instruction. programs should be coded as follows to allow for nmi interrupts during eepmov.w execution: l1: eepmov.w mov.w r4,r4 bne l1 109 section 6 bus controller 6.1 overview the h8/3068f has an on-chip bus controller (bsc) that manages the external address space divided into eight areas. the bus specifications, such as bus width and number of access states, can be set independently for each area, enabling multiple memories to be connected easily. the bus controller also has a bus arbitration function that controls the operation of the internal bus masters-the cpu, dma controller (dmac), and dram interface and can release the bus to an external device. 6.1.1 features the features of the bus controller are listed below. ? manages external address space in area units ? manages the external space as eight areas (0 to 7) of 128 kbytes in 1m-byte modes, or 2 mbytes in 16-mbyte modes ? bus specifications can be set independently for each area ? dram/burst rom interfaces can be set ? basic bus interface ? chip select ( cs 0 to cs 7 ) can be output for areas 0 to 7 ? 8-bit access or 16-bit access can be selected for each area ? two-state access or three-state access can be selected for each area ? program wait states can be inserted for each area ? pin wait insertion capability is provided dram interface ? dram interface can be set for areas 2 to 5 ? row address/column address multiplexed output (8/9/10 bits) ? 2-cas byte access mode ? burst operation (fast page mode) ? t p cycle insertion to secure ras precharging time ? choice of cas-before-ras refreshing or self-refreshing burst rom interface ? burst rom interface can be set for area 0 ? selection of two- or three-state burst access 110 ? idle cycle insertion ? an idle cycle can be inserted in case of an external read cycle between different areas ? an idle cycle can be inserted when an external read cycle is immediately followed by an external write cycle ? bus arbitration function ? a built-in bus arbiter grants the bus right to the cpu, dmac, dram interface, or an external bus master ? other features ? refresh counter (refresh timer) can be used as interval timer ? choice of two address update modes 111 6.1.2 block diagram figure 6.1 shows a block diagram of the bus controller. internal address bus abwcr astcr bcr cscr adrcr area decoder chip select control signals cs 0 to cs 7 bus control circuit wcrh wcrl brcr dram control legend dram interface wait state controller wait back breq internal data bus cpu bus request signal dmac bus request signal dram interface bus request signal cpu bus acknowledge signal dmac bus acknowledge signal dram interface bus acknowledge signal bus arbiter bus mode control signal internal signals internal signals bus size control signal access state control signal wait request signal : bus width control register : access state control register : dram control register a : dram control register b : wait control register h : wait control register l : bus release control register : chip select control register : refresh timer control/status register : refresh timer counter : refresh time constant register astcr drcra drcrb wcrh wcrl brcr cscr rtmcsr rtcnt rtcor adrcr : address control register abwcr drcra drcrb rtmcsr rtcnt rtcor bcr : bus control register figure 6.1 block diagram of bus controller 112 6.1.3 pin configuration table 6.1 summarizes the input/output pins of the bus controller. table 6.1 bus controller pins name abbreviation i/o function chip select 0 to 7 cs 0 to cs 7 output strobe signals selecting areas 0 to 7 address strobe as output strobe signal indicating valid address output on the address bus read rd output strobe signal indicating reading from the external address space high write hwr output strobe signal indicating writing to the external address space, with valid data on the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) low write lwr output strobe signal indicating writing to the external address space, with valid data on the lower data bus (d 7 to d 0 ) wait wait input wait request signal for access to external three-state access areas bus request breq input request signal for releasing the bus to an external device bus acknowledge back output acknowledge signal indicating release of the bus to an external device 113 6.1.4 register configuration table 6.2 summarizes the bus controller's registers. table 6.2 bus controller registers address * 1 name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee020 bus width control register abwcr r/w h'ff * 2 h'ee021 access state control register astcr r/w h'ff h'ee022 wait control register h wcrh r/w h'ff h'ee023 wait control register l wcrl r/w h'ff h'ee013 bus release control register brcr r/w h'fe * 3 h'ee01f chip select control register cscr r/w h'0f h'ee01e address control register adrcr r/w h'ff h'ee024 bus control register bcr r/w h'c6 h'ee026 dram control register a drcra r/w h'10 h'ee027 dram control register b drcrb r/w h'08 h'ee028 refresh timer control/status register rtmcsr r(w) * 4 h'07 h'ee029 refresh timer counter rtcnt r/w h'00 h'ee02a refresh time constant register rtcor r/w h'ff notes: * 1 lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 in modes 2 and 4, the initial value is h'00. * 3 in modes 3 and 4, the initial value is h'ee. * 4 for bit 7, only 0 can be written to clear the flag. 114 6.2 register descriptions 6.2.1 bus width control register (abwcr) abwcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects 8-bit or 16-bit access for each area. 7 abw7 1 r/w 0 r/w 6 abw6 1 r/w 0 r/w 5 abw5 1 r/w 0 r/w 4 abw4 1 r/w 0 r/w 3 abw3 1 r/w 0 r/w 2 abw2 1 r/w 0 r/w 1 abw1 1 r/w 0 r/w 0 abw0 1 r/w 0 r/w bit modes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 initial value read/write initial value read/write modes 2 and 4 when abwcr contains h'ff (selecting 8-bit access for all areas), the chip operates in 8-bit bus mode: the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) is valid, and port 4 is an input/output port. when at least one bit is cleared to 0 in abwcr, the chip operates in 16-bit bus mode with a 16-bit data bus (d 15 to d 0 ). in modes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7, abwcr is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in modes 2 and 4, abwcr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 0?rea 7 to 0 bus width control (abw7 to abw0): these bits select 8-bit access or 16-bit access for the corresponding areas. bits 7 to 0 abw7 to abw0 description 0 areas 7 to 0 are 16-bit access areas 1 areas 7 to 0 are 8-bit access areas abwcr specifies the data bus width of external memory areas. the data bus width of on-chip memory and registers is fixed, and does not depend on abwcr settings. these settings are therefore meaningless in the single-chip modes (modes 6 and 7). 115 6.2.2 access state control register (astcr) astcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects whether each area is accessed in two states or three states. ast3 ast2 ast1 ast0 1 initial value 1111111 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 bits selecting number of states for access to each area ast7 ast6 ast5 ast4 bit astcr is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 0?rea 7 to 0 access state control (ast7 to ast0): these bits select whether the corresponding area is accessed in two or three states. bits 7 to 0 ast7 to ast0 description 0 areas 7 to 0 are accessed in two states 1 areas 7 to 0 are accessed in three states (initial value) astcr specifies the number of states in which external areas are accessed. on-chip memory and registers are accessed in a fixed number of states that does not depend on astcr settings. these settings are therefore meaningless in the single-chip modes (modes 6 and 7). when the corresponding area is designated as dram space by bits dras2 to dras0 in dram control register a (drcra), the number of access states does not depend on the ast bit setting. when an ast bit is cleared to 0, programmable wait insertion is not performed. 6.2.3 wait control registers h and l (wcrh, wcrl) wcrh and wcrl are 8-bit readable/writable registers that select the number of program wait states for each area. on-chip memory and registers are accessed in a fixed number of states that does not depend on wcrh/wcrl settings. wcrh and wcrl are initialized to h'ff by a reset and in hardware standby mode. they are not initialized in software standby mode. 116 wcrh w51 w50 w41 w40 1 initial value 1111111 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 w71 w70 w61 w60 bit bits 7 and 6?rea 7 wait control 1 and 0 (w71, w70): these bits select the number of program wait states when area 7 in external space is accessed while the ast7 bit in astcr is set to 1. bit 7 w71 bit 6 w70 description 0 0 program wait not inserted when external space area 7 is accessed 1 1 program wait state inserted when external space area 7 is accessed 1 0 2 program wait states inserted when external space area 7 is accessed 1 3 program wait states inserted when external space area 7 is accessed (initial value) bits 5 and 4?rea 6 wait control 1 and 0 (w61, w60): these bits select the number of program wait states when area 6 in external space is accessed while the ast6 bit in astcr is set to 1. bit 5 w61 bit 4 w60 description 0 0 program wait not inserted when external space area 6 is accessed 1 1 program wait state inserted when external space area 6 is accessed 1 0 2 program wait states inserted when external space area 6 is accessed 1 3 program wait states inserted when external space area 6 is accessed (initial value) bits 3 and 2?rea 5 wait control 1 and 0 (w51, w50): these bits select the number of program wait states when area 5 in external space is accessed while the ast5 bit in astcr is set to 1. 117 bit 3 w51 bit 2 w50 description 0 0 program wait not inserted when external space area 5 is accessed 1 1 program wait state inserted when external space area 5 is accessed 1 0 2 program wait states inserted when external space area 5 is accessed 1 3 program wait states inserted when external space area 5 is accessed (initial value) bits 1 and 0?rea 4 wait control 1 and 0 (w41, w40): these bits select the number of program wait states when area 4 in external space is accessed while the ast4 bit in astcr is set to 1. bit 1 w41 bit 0 w40 description 0 0 program wait not inserted when external space area 4 is accessed 1 1 program wait state inserted when external space area 4 is accessed 1 0 2 program wait states inserted when external space area 4 is accessed 1 3 program wait states inserted when external space area 4 is accessed (initial value) wcrl w11 w10 w01 w00 1 initial value 1111111 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 w31 w30 w21 w20 bit bits 7 and 6?rea 3 wait control 1 and 0 (w31, w30): these bits select the number of program wait states when area 3 in external space is accessed while the ast3 bit in astcr is set to 1. bit 7 w31 bit 6 w30 description 0 0 program wait not inserted when external space area 3 is accessed 1 1 program wait state inserted when external space area 3 is accessed 1 0 2 program wait states inserted when external space area 3 is accessed 1 3 program wait states inserted when external space area 3 is accessed (initial value) 118 bits 5 and 4?rea 2 wait control 1 and 0 (w21, w20): these bits select the number of program wait states when area 2 in external space is accessed while the ast2 bit in astcr is set to 1. bit 5 w21 bit 4 w20 description 0 0 program wait not inserted when external space area 2 is accessed 1 1 program wait state inserted when external space area 2 is accessed 1 0 2 program wait states inserted when external space area 2 is accessed 1 3 program wait states inserted when external space area 2 is accessed (initial value) bits 3 and 2?rea 1 wait control 1 and 0 (w11, w10): these bits select the number of program wait states when area 1 in external space is accessed while the ast1 bit in astcr is set to 1. bit 3 w11 bit 2 w10 description 0 0 program wait not inserted when external space area 1 is accessed 1 1 program wait state inserted when external space area 1 is accessed 1 0 2 program wait states inserted when external space area 1 is accessed 1 3 program wait states inserted when external space area 1 is accessed (initial value) bits 1 and 0?rea 0 wait control 1 and 0 (w01, w00): these bits select the number of program wait states when area 0 in external space is accessed while the ast0 bit in astcr is set to 1. bit 1 w01 bit 0 w00 description 0 0 program wait not inserted when external space area 0 is accessed 1 1 program wait state inserted when external space area 0 is accessed 1 0 2 program wait states inserted when external space area 0 is accessed 1 3 program wait states inserted when external space area 0 is accessed (initial value) 119 6.2.4 bus release control register (brcr) brcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables address output on bus lines a 23 to a 20 and enables or disables release of the bus to an external device. 7 a23e 1 1 r/w 1 r/w address 23 to 20 enable these bits enable pa 7 to pa 4 to be used for a 23 to a 20 address output 6 a22e 1 1 r/w 1 r/w 5 a21e 1 1 r/w 1 r/w 4 a20e 1 0 1 r/w 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 brle 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w bit modes 1, 2, 6, and 7 initial value read/write initial value read/write initial value read/write modes 3 and 4 mode 5 reserved bits bus release enable enables or disables release of the bus to an external device brcr is initialized to h'fe in modes 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, and to h'ee in modes 3 and 4, by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bit 7?ddress 23 enable (a23e): enables pa 4 to be used as the a 23 address output pin. writing 0 in this bit enables a 23 output from pa 4 . in modes other than 3, 4, and 5, this bit cannot be modified and pa 4 has its ordinary port functions. bit 7 a23e description 0pa 4 is the a 23 address output pin 1pa 4 is an input/output pin (initial value) bit 6?ddress 22 enable (a22e): enables pa 5 to be used as the a 22 address output pin. writing 0 in this bit enables a 22 output from pa 5 . in modes other than 3, 4, and 5, this bit cannot be modified and pa 5 has its ordinary port functions. bit 6 a22e description 0pa 5 is the a 22 address output pin 1pa 5 is an input/output pin (initial value) 120 bit 5?ddress 21 enable (a21e): enables pa 6 to be used as the a 21 address output pin. writing 0 in this bit enables a 21 output from pa 6 . in modes other than 3, 4, and 5, this bit cannot be modified and pa 6 has its ordinary port functions. bit 5 a21e description 0pa 6 is the a 21 address output pin 1pa 6 is an input/output pin (initial value) bit 4?ddress 20 enable (a20e): enables pa 7 to be used as the a 20 address output pin. writing 0 in this bit enables a 20 output from pa 7 . this bit can only be modified in mode 5. bit 4 a20e description 0pa 7 is the a 20 address output pin (initial value when in mode 3 or 4) 1pa 7 is an input/output pin (initial value when in mode 1, 2, 5, 6, or 7) bits 3 to 1?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit 0?us release enable (brle): enables or disables release of the bus to an external device. bit 0 brle description 0 the bus cannot be released to an external device breq and back can be used as input/output pins (initial value) 1 the bus can be released to an external device 6.2.5 bus control register (bcr) brsts0 emc rdea waite 1 initial value 1 0 0 0110 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 icis1 icis0 brome brsts1 bit bcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables idle cycle insertion, selects the address map, selects the area division unit, and enables or disables wait pin input. bcr is initialized to h'c6 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. 121 bit 7?dle cycle insertion 1 (icis1): selects whether one idle cycle state is to be inserted between bus cycles in case of consecutive external read cycles for different areas. bit 7 icis1 description 0 no idle cycle inserted in case of consecutive external read cycles for different areas 1 idle cycle inserted in case of consecutive external read cycles for different areas (initial value) bit 6?dle cycle insertion 0 (icis0): selects whether one idle cycle state is to be inserted between bus cycles in case of consecutive external read and write cycles. bit 6 icis0 description 0 no idle cycle inserted in case of consecutive external read and write cycles 1 idle cycle inserted in case of consecutive external read and write cycles (initial value) bit 5?urst rom enable (brome): selects whether area 0 is a burst rom interface area. bit 5 brome description 0 area 0 is a basic bus interface area (initial value) 1 area 0 is a burst rom interface area bit 4?urst cycle select 1 (brsts1): selects the number of burst cycle states for the burst rom interface. bit 4 brsts1 description 0 burst access cycle comprises 2 states (initial value) 1 burst access cycle comprises 3 states 122 bit 3?urst cycle select 0 (brsts0): selects the number of words that can be accessed in a burst rom interface burst access. bit 3 brsts0 description 0 max. 4 words in burst access (burst access on match of address bits above a3) (initial value) 1 max. 8 words in burst access (burst access on match of address bits above a4) bit 2?xpansion memory map control (emc): selects either of the two memory maps. bit 2 emc description 0 selects the memory map shown in figure 3.2: see section 3.6, memory map in each operating mode 1 selects the memory map shown in figure 3.1: see section 3.6, memory map in each operating mode (initial value) when emc is cleared to 0, addresses of some internal i/o registers are moved. for details, refer to appendix b.2, address list (when emc = 0). this bit is invalid in mode 6. in mode 6 and when the rdea bit is 0, emc must not be cleared to 0. bit 1?rea division unit select (rdea): selects the memory map area division units. this bit is valid in modes 3, 4, and 5, and is invalid in modes 1, 2, 6, and 7. when the emc bit is 0, rdea must not be cleared to 0. bit 1 rdea description 0 area divisions are as follows: area 0: 2 mbytes area 4: 1.93 mbytes area 1: 2 mbytes area 5: 4 kbytes area 2: 8 mbytes area 6: 23.75 kbytes area 3: 2 mbytes area 7: 22 bytes 1 areas 0 to 7 are the same size (2 mbytes) (initial value) 123 bit 0?ait pin enable (waite): enables or disables wait insertion by means of the wait pin. bit 0 waite description 0 wait pin wait input is disabled, and the wait pin can be used as an input/output port (initial value) 1 wait pin wait input is enabled 6.2.6 chip select control register (cscr) cscr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables output of chip select signals ( cs 7 to cs 4 ). if output of a chip select signal is enabled by a setting in this register, the corresponding pin functions as a chip select signal ( cs 7 to cs 4 ) output regardless of any other settings. cscr cannot be modified in single-chip mode. ???? 0 initial value 0001111 read/write ? ? ? ? r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 reserved bits cs7e cs6e cs5e cs4e chip select 7 to 4 enable these bits enable or disable chip select signal output bit cscr is initialized to h'0f by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 4?hip select 7 to 4 enable (cs7e to cs4e): these bits enable or disable output of the corresponding chip select signal. bit n csne description 0 output of chip select signal csn is disabled (initial value) 1 output of chip select signal csn is enabled note: n = 7 to 4 bits 3 to 0?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. 124 6.2.7 dram control register a (drcra) be rdm srfmd rfshe 0 initial value 0010000 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 dras2 dras1 dras0 bit drcra is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the areas that have a dram interface function, and the access mode, and enables or disables self-refreshing and refresh pin output. drcra is initialized to h'10 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 5?ram area select (dras2 to dras0): these bits select which of areas 2 to 5 are to function as dram interface areas (dram space) in expanded mode, and at the same time select the ras output pin corresponding to each dram space. description bit 7 dras2 bit 6 dras1 bit 5 dras0 area 5 area 4 area 3 area 2 0 0 0 normal normal normal normal 1 normal normal normal dram space ( cs 2 ) 1 0 normal normal dram space ( cs 3 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) 1 normal normal dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * 1 0 0 normal dram space ( cs 4 ) dram space ( cs 3 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) 1 dram space ( cs 5 ) dram space ( cs 4 ) dram space ( cs 3 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) 1 0 dram space ( cs 4 ) * dram space ( cs 4 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * 1 dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * note: * a single csn pin serves as a common ras output pin for a number of areas. unused csn pins can be used as input/output ports. when any of bits dras2 to dras0 is set to 1 in expanded mode, it is not possible to write to drcrb, rtmcsr, rtcnt, or rtcor. however, 0 can be written to the cmf flag in rtmcsr to clear the flag. 125 when an arbitrary value has been set in dras2 to dras0, a write of a different value other than 000 must not be performed. bit 4?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 3?urst access enable (be): enables or disables burst access to dram space. dram space burst access is performed in fast page mode. bit 3 be description 0 burst disabled (always full access) (initial value) 1 dram space access performed in fast page mode bit 2?as down mode (rdm): selects whether to wait for the next dram access with the ras signal held low (ras down mode), or to drive the ras signal high again (ras up mode), when burst access is enabled for dram space (be = 1), and access to dram is interrupted. caution is required when the hwr and lwr are used as the ucas and lcas output pins. for details, see ras down mode and ras up mode in section 6.5.10, burst operation. bit 2 rdm description 0 dram interface: ras up mode selected (initial value) 1 dram interface: ras down mode selected bit 1?elf-refresh mode (srfmd): specifies dram self-refreshing in software standby mode. when any of areas 2 to 5 is designated as dram space, dram self-refreshing is possible when a transition is made to software standby mode after the srfmd bit has been set to 1. the normal access state is restored when software standby mode is exited, regardless of the srfmd setting. bit 1 srfmd description 0 dram self-refreshing disabled in software standby mode (initial value) 1 dram self-refreshing enabled in software standby mode 126 bit 0?efresh pin enable (rfshe): enables or disables rfsh pin refresh signal output. if areas 2 to 5 are not designated as dram space, this bit should not be set to 1. bit 0 rfshe description 0 rfsh pin refresh signal output disabled (initial value) ( rfsh pin can be used as input/output port) 1 rfsh pin refresh signal output enabled 6.2.8 dram control register b (drcrb) tpc rcw rlw 0 initial value 0001000 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 mxc1 mxc0 csel rcyce bit drcrb is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the number of address multiplex column address bits for the dram interface, the column address strobe output pin, enabling or disabling of refresh cycle insertion, the number of precharge cycles, enabling or disabling of wait state insertion between ras and cas , and enabling or disabling of wait state insertion in refresh cycles. drcrb is initialized to h'08 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. the settings in this register are invalid when bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra are all 0. bits 7 and 6?ultiplex control 1 and 0 (mxc1, mxc0): these bits select the row address/column address multiplexing method used on the dram interface. in burst operation, the row address used for comparison is determined by the setting of these bits and the bus width of the relevant area set in abwcr. 127 bit 7 mxc1 bit 6 mxc0 description 0 0 column address: 8 bits compared address: modes 1, 2 8-bit access space a 19 to a 8 16-bit access space a 19 to a 9 modes 3, 4, 5 8-bit access space a 23 to a 8 16-bit access space a 23 to a 9 1 column address: 9 bits compared address: modes 1, 2 8-bit access space a 19 to a 9 16-bit access space a 19 to a 10 modes 3, 4, 5 8-bit access space a 23 to a 9 16-bit access space a 23 to a 10 1 0 column address: 10 bits compared address: modes 1, 2 8-bit access space a 19 to a 10 16-bit access space a 19 to a 11 modes 3, 4, 5 8-bit access space a 23 to a 10 16-bit access space a 23 to a 11 1 illegal setting bit 5 cas output pin select (csel): selects the ucas and lcas output pins when areas 2 to 5 are designated as dram space. bit 5 csel description 0 pb4 and pb5 selected as ucas and lcas output pins (initial value) 1 hwr and lwr selected as ucas and lcas output pins bit 4?efresh cycle enable (rcyce): enables or disables cas-before-ras refresh cycle insertion. when none of areas 2 to 5 has been designated as dram space, refresh cycles are not inserted regardless of the setting of this bit. bit 4 rcyce description 0 refresh cycles disabled (initial value) 1 dram refresh cycles enabled 128 bit 3?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 2?p cycle control (tpc): selects whether a 1-state or two-state precharge cycle (tp) is to be used for dram read/write cycles and cas-before-ras refresh cycles. the setting of this bit does not affect the self-refresh function. bit 2 tpc description 0 1-state precharge cycle inserted (initial value) 1 2-state precharge cycle inserted bit 1 ras - cas wait (rcw): controls wait state (trw) insertion between t r and t c1 in dram read/write cycles. the setting of this bit does not affect refresh cycles. bit 1 rcw description 0 wait state (trw) insertion disabled (initial value) 1 one wait state (trw) inserted bit 0?efresh cycle wait control (rlw): controls wait state (t rw ) insertion for cas-before- ras refresh cycles. the setting of this bit does not affect dram read/write cycles. bit 0 rlw description 0 wait state (t rw ) insertion disabled (initial value) 1 one wait state (t rw ) inserted 6.2.9 refresh timer control/status register (rtmcsr) cks0 0 initial value 0000111 read/write r/w r(w) * r/w r/w r/w 76543210 cmf cmie cks2 cks1 bit rtmcsr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the refresh timer counter clock. when the refresh timer is used as an interval timer, rtmcsr also enables or disables interrupt requests. bits 7 and 6 of rtmcsr are initialized to 0 by a reset and in the standby modes. bits 5 to 3 are initialized to 0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode; they are not initialized in software standby mode. 129 note: * only 0 can be written to clear the flag. bit 7?ompare match flag (cmf): status flag that indicates a match between the values of rtcnt and rtcor. bit 7 cmf description 0 clearing conditions when the chip is reset and in standby mode read cmf when cmf = 1, then write 0 in cmf (initial value) 1 setting condition when rtcnt = rtcor bit 6?ompare match interrupt enable (cmie): enables or disables the cmi interrupt requested when the cmf flag is set to 1 in rtmcsr. the cmie bit is always cleared to 0 when any of areas 2 to 5 is designated as dram space. bit 6 cmie description 0 the cmi interrupt requested by cmf is disabled (initial value) 1 the cmi interrupt requested by cmf is enabled bits 5 to 3?efresh counter clock select (cks2 to cks0): these bits select the clock to be input to rtcnt from among 7 clocks obtained by dividing the system clock ( f ). when the input clock is selected with bits cks2 to cks0, rtcnt begins counting up. bit 5 cks2 bit 4 cks1 bit 3 cks0 description 0 0 0 count operation halted (initial value) 1 f /2 used as counter clock 10 f /8 used as counter clock 1 f /32 used as counter clock 100 f /128 used as counter clock 1 f /512 used as counter clock 10 f /2048 used as counter clock 1 f /4096 used as counter clock bits 2 to 0?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. 130 6.2.10 refresh timer counter (rtcnt) 0 initial value 0000000 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 bit rtcnt is an 8-bit readable/writable up-counter. rtcnt is incremented by an internal clock selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in rtmcsr. when rtcnt matches rtcor (compare match), the cmf flag in rtmcsr is set to 1 and rtcnt is cleared to h'00. if the rcyce bit in drcrb is set to 1 at this time, a refresh cycle is started. also, if the cmie bit in rtmcsr is set to 1, a compare match interrupt (cmi) is generated. rtcnt is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. 6.2.11 refresh time constant register (rtcor) 1 initial value 1111111 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 bit rtcor is an 8-bit readable/writable register that determines the interval at which rtcnt is cleared. rtcor and rtcnt are constantly compared. when their values match, the cmf flag is set to 1 in rtmcsr, and rtcnt is simultaneously cleared to h'00. rtcor is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. note: only byte access can be used on this register. 131 6.2.12 address control register (adrcr) adrcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects either address update mode 1 or address update mode 2 as the address output method. 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 adrctl 1 r/w bit initial value r/w reserved bits address control selects address update mode 1 or address update mode 2 adrcr is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 2?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit 1?eserved: this bit is always read as 1. do not write 0 to this bit. bit 0?ddress control (adrctl): selects the address output method. bit 0 adrctl description 0 address update mode 2 is selected 1 address update mode 1 is selected (initial value) 132 6.3 operation 6.3.1 area division the external address space is divided into areas 0 to 7. each area has a size of 128 kbytes in the 1- mbyte modes, or 2-mbytes in the 16-mbyte modes. figure 6.2 shows a general view of the memory map. h' 00000 h' 1ffff h' 20000 h' 3ffff h' 40000 h' 5ffff h' 60000 h' 7ffff h' 80000 h' 9ffff h' a0000 h' bffff h' c0000 h' dffff h' e0000 h' fffff area 0 (128 kbytes) area 1 (128 kbytes) area 2 (128 kbytes) area 3 (128 kbytes) area 4 (128 kbytes) area 5 (128 kbytes) area 6 (128 kbytes) area 7 (128 kbytes) h' 000000 h' 1fffff h' 200000 h' 3fffff h' 400000 h' 5fffff h' 600000 h' 7fffff h' 800000 h' 9fffff h' a00000 h' bfffff h' c00000 h' dfffff h' e00000 h' ffffff area 0 (2 mbytes) area 1 (2 mbytes) area 2 (2 mbytes) area 3 (2 mbytes) area 4 (2 mbytes) area 5 (2 mbytes) area 6 (2 mbytes) area 7 (2 mbytes) (a) 1-mbyte modes (modes 1, and 2) (b) 16-mbyte modes (modes 3, 4, and 5) figure 6.2 access area map for each operating mode chip select signals ( cs 0 to cs 7 ) can be output for areas 0 to 7. the bus specifications for each area are selected in abwcr, astcr, wcrh, and wcrl. in 16-mbyte mode, the area division units can be selected with the rdea bit in bcr. 133 h'000000 h'1fffff h'200000 h'3fffff h'400000 h'5fffff h'600000 h'7fffff h'800000 h'9fffff h'a00000 h'bfffff h'c00000 h'dfffff h'e00000 h'fee000 h'fee0ff h'fee100 h'ff7fff h'ff8000 h'ff8fff h'ff9000 h'ffef1f h'ffef20 h'fffeff h'ffff00 h'ffff1f h'ffff20 h'ffffe9 h'ffffea h'ffffff area 0 2 mbytes area 1 2 mbytes area 2 2 mbytes area 3 2 mbytes area 4 2 mbytes area 5 2 mbytes area 6 2 mbytes area 7 1.93 mbytes on-chip registers (1) area 7 67.5 kbytes on-chip ram 4 kbytes on-chip registers (2) area 7 22 bytes area 0 2 mbytes area 1 2 mbytes area 2 8 mbytes area 3 2 mbytes area 4 1.93 mbytes area 5 4 kbytes on-chip ram 4 kbytes * on-chip registers (2) area 7 22 bytes area 6 23.75 kbytes on-chip registers (1) 2 mbytes 2 mbytes 2 mbytes 2 mbytes 2 mbytes 2 mbytes 2 mbytes 2 mbytes absolute address 16 bits absolute address 8 bits (a) memory map when rdea = 1 (b) memory map when rdea = 0 reserved 39.75 kbytes note: * area 6 when the rame bit is cleared. figure 6.3 memory map in 16-mbyte mode 134 6.3.2 bus specifications the external space bus specifications consist of three elements: (1) bus width, (2) number of access states, and (3) number of program wait states. the bus width and number of access states for on-chip memory and registers are fixed, and are not affected by the bus controller. bus width: a bus width of 8 or 16 bits can be selected with abwcr. an area for which an 8-bit bus is selected functions as an 8-bit access space, and an area for which a 16-bit bus is selected functions as a16-bit access space. if all areas are designated for 8-bit access, 8-bit bus mode is set; if any area is designated for 16- bit access, 16-bit bus mode is set. number of access states: two or three access states can be selected with astcr. an area for which two-state access is selected functions as a two-state access space, and an area for which three-state access is selected functions as a three-state access space. dram space is accessed in four states regardless of the astcr settings. when two-state access space is designated, wait insertion is disabled. number of program wait states: when three-state access space is designated in astcr, the number of program wait states to be inserted automatically is selected with wcrh and wcrl. from 0 to 3 program wait states can be selected. when astcr is cleared to 0 for dram space, a program wait (t c1 -t c2 wait) is not inserted. also, no program wait is inserted in burst rom space burst cycles. table 6.3 shows the bus specifications for each basic bus interface area. 135 table 6.3 bus specifications for each area (basic bus interface) abwcr astcr wcrh/wcrl bus specifications (basic bus interface) abwn astn wn1 wn0 bus width access states program wait states 0 0 16 2 0 10 0 3 0 11 10 2 13 1 0 8 2 0 10 0 3 0 11 10 2 13 note: n = 7 to 0 6.3.3 memory interfaces the h8/3068f memory interfaces comprise a basic bus interface that allows direct connection of rom, sram, and so on; a dram interface that allows direct connection of dram; and a burst rom interface that allows direct connection of burst rom. the interface can be selected independently for each area. an area for which the basic bus interface is designated functions as normal space, an area for which the dram interface is designated functions as dram space, and area 0 for which the burst rom interface is designated functions as burst rom space. 136 6.3.4 chip select signals for each of areas 0 to 7, the h8/3068f can output a chip select signal ( cs 0 to cs 7 ) that goes low when the corresponding area is selected in expanded mode. figure 6.4 shows the output timing of a cs n signal. output of cs 0 to cs 3 : output of cs 0 to cs 3 is enabled or disabled in the data direction register (ddr) of the corresponding port. in the expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled, a reset leaves pin cs 0 in the output state and pins cs 1 to cs 3 in the input state. to output chip select signals cs 1 to cs 3 , the corresponding ddr bits must be set to 1. in the expanded modes with on-chip rom enabled, a reset leaves pins cs 0 to cs 3 in the input state. to output chip select signals cs 0 to cs 3 , the corresponding ddr bits must be set to 1. for details, see section 8, i/o ports. output of cs 4 to cs 7 : output of cs 4 to cs 7 is enabled or disabled in the chip select control register (cscr). a reset leaves pins cs 4 to cs 7 in the input state. to output chip select signals cs 4 to cs 7 , the corresponding cscr bits must be set to 1. for details, see section 8, i/o ports. f address external address in area n cs n figure 6.4 cs n signal output timing (n = 0 to 7) when the on-chip rom, on-chip ram, and on-chip registers are accessed, cs 0 to cs 7 remain high. the cs n signals are decoded from the address signals. they can be used as chip select signals for sram and other devices. 137 6.3.5 address output method the h8/3068f provides a choice of two address update methods: either the same method as in the previous h8/300h series (address update mode 1), or a method in which address update is restricted to external space accesses or self-refresh cycles (address update mode 2). figure 6.5 shows examples of address output in these two update modes. on-chip memory cycle on-chip memory cycle external read cycle on-chip memory cycle external read cycle address update mode 1 address update mode 2 rd figure 6.5 sample address output in each address update mode (basic bus interface, 3-state space) address update mode 1: address update mode 1 is compatible with the previous h8/300h series. addresses are always updated between bus cycles. address update mode 2: in address update mode 2, address updating is performed only in external space accesses or self-refresh cycles. in this mode, the address can be retained between an external space read cycle and an instruction fetch cycle (on-chip memory) by placing the program in on-chip memory. address update mode 2 is therefore useful when connecting a device that requires address hold time with respect to the rise of the rd strobe. switching between address update modes 1 and 2 is performed by means of the adrctl bit in adrcr. the initial value of adrcr is the address update mode 1 setting, providing compatibility with the previous h8/300h series. 138 cautions: when using address update modes, the following points should be noted. ? when address update mode 2 is selected, the address in an internal space (on-chip memory or internal i/o) access cycle is not output externally. ? in order to secure address holding with respect to the rise of rd , when address update mode 2 is used an external space read access must be completed within a single access cycle. for example, in a word access to 8-bit access space, the bus cycle is split into two as shown in figure 6.6., and so there is not a single access cycle. in this case, address holding is not guaranteed at the rise of rd between the first (even address) and second (odd address) access cycles (area inside the ellipse in the figure). on-chip memory cycle on-chip memory cycle external read cycle (8-bit space word access) address update mode 2 rd even address odd address figure 6.6 example of consecutive external space accesses in address update mode 2 ? when address update mode 2 is selected, in a dram space cas-before-ras (cbr) refresh cycle the previous address is retained (the area 2 start address is not output). 139 6.4 basic bus interface 6.4.1 overview the basic bus interface enables direct connection of rom, sram, and so on. the bus specifications can be selected with abwcr, astcr, wcrh, and wcrl (see table 6.3). 6.4.2 data size and data alignment data sizes for the cpu and other internal bus masters are byte, word, and longword. the bus controller has a data alignment function, and when accessing external space, controls whether the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) or lower data bus (d 7 to d 0 ) is used according to the bus specifications for the area being accessed (8-bit access area or 16-bit access area) and the data size. 8-bit access areas: figure 6.7 illustrates data alignment control for 8-bit access space. with 8- bit access space, the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) is always used for accesses. the amount of data that can be accessed at one time is one byte: a word access is performed as two byte accesses, and a longword access, as four byte accesses. d 15 d 8 d 7 d 0 upper data bus lower data bus 1st bus cycle 2nd bus cycle 1st bus cycle 2nd bus cycle 3rd bus cycle 4th bus cycle byte size word size longword size figure 6.7 access sizes and data alignment control (8-bit access area) 16-bit access areas: figure 6.8 illustrates data alignment control for 16-bit access areas. with 16-bit access areas, the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) and lower data bus (d 7 to d 0 ) are used for accesses. the amount of data that can be accessed at one time is one byte or one word, and a longword access is executed as two word accesses. 140 in byte access, whether the upper or lower data bus is used is determined by whether the address is even or odd. the upper data bus is used for an even address, and the lower data bus for an odd address. d 15 d 8 d 7 d 0 upper data bus lower data bus 1st bus cycle 2nd bus cycle byte size longword size ?even address ?odd address word size byte size figure 6.8 access sizes and data alignment control (16-bit access area) 6.4.3 valid strobes table 6.4 shows the data buses used, and the valid strobes, for the access spaces. in a read, the rd signal is valid for both the upper and the lower half of the data bus. in a write, the hwr signal is valid for the upper half of the data bus, and the lwr signal for the lower half. 141 table 6.4 data buses used and valid strobes area access size read/write address valid strobe upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) lower data bus (d 7 to d 0 ) 8-bit byte read rd valid invalid access area write hwr undetermined data 16-bit byte read even rd valid invalid access odd invalid valid area write even hwr valid undetermined data odd lwr undetermined data valid word read rd valid valid write hwr , lwr valid valid notes: 1. undetermined data means that unpredictable data is output. 2. invalid means that the bus is in the input state and the input is ignored. 6.4.4 memory areas the initial state of each area is basic bus interface, three-state access space. the initial bus width is selected according to the operating mode. the bus specifications described here cover basic items only, and the following sections should be referred to for further details: 6.4, basic bus interface, 6.5, dram interface, 6.8, burst rom interface. area 0: area 0 includes on-chip rom, and in rom-disabled expansion mode, all of area 0 is external space. in rom-enabled expansion mode, the space excluding on-chip rom is external space. when area 0 external space is accessed, the cs 0 signal can be output. either basic bus interface or burst rom interface can be selected for area 0. the size of area 0 is 128 kbytes in modes 1 and 2, and 2 mbytes in modes 3, 4, and 5. areas 1 and 6: in external expansion mode, areas 1 and 6 are entirely external space. when area 1 and 6 external space is accessed, the cs 1 and cs 6 pin signals respectively can be output. only the basic bus interface can be used for areas 1 and 6. the size of areas 1 and 6 is 128 kbytes in modes 1 and 2, and 2 mbytes in modes 3, 4, and 5. 142 areas 2 to 5: in external expansion mode, areas 2 to 5 are entirely external space. when area 2 to 5 external space is accessed, signals cs 2 to cs 5 can be output. basic bus interface or dram interface can be selected for areas 2 to 5. with the dram interface, signals cs 2 to cs 5 are used as ras signals. the size of areas 2 to 5 is 128 kbytes in modes 1 and 2, and 2 mbytes in modes 3, 4, and 5. area 7: area 7 includes the on-chip ram and registers. in external expansion mode, the space excluding the on-chip ram and registers is external space. the on-chip ram is enabled when the rame bit in the system control register (syscr) is set to 1; when the rame bit is cleared to 0, the on-chip ram is disabled and the corresponding space becomes external space . when area 7 external space is accessed, the cs 7 signal can be output. only the basic bus interface can be used for the area 7 memory interface. the size of area 7 is 128 kbytes in modes 1 and 2, and 2 mbytes in modes 3, 4, and 5. 143 6.4.5 basic bus control signal timing 8-bit, three-state-access areas figure 6.9 shows the timing of bus control signals for an 8-bit, three-state-access area. the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) is used in accesses to these areas. the lwr pin is always high. wait states can be inserted. bus cycle external address in area n valid invalid valid undetermined data high f address bus cs n as rd d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 hwr lwr d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 read access write access note: n = 7 to 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 figure 6.9 bus control signal timing for 8-bit, three-state-access area 144 8-bit, two-state-access areas figure 6.10 shows the timing of bus control signals for an 8-bit, two-state-access area. the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) is used in accesses to these areas. the lwr pin is always high. wait states cannot be inserted. bus cycle external address in area n valid invalid valid undetermined data high f address bus cs n as rd d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 hwr lwr d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 read access write access note: n = 7 to 0 t 1 t 2 figure 6.10 bus control signal timing for 8-bit, two-state-access area 145 16-bit, three-state-access areas figures 6.11 to 6.13 show the timing of bus control signals for a 16-bit, three-state-access area. in these areas, the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) is used in accesses to even addresses and the lower data bus (d 7 to d 0 ) in accesses to odd addresses. wait states can be inserted. bus cycle even external address in area n valid invalid valid high f address bus csn as rd d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 hwr lwr d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 read access write access note: n = 7 to 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 undetermined data figure 6.11 bus control signal timing for 16-bit, three-state-access area (1) (byte access to even address) 146 bus cycle odd external address in area n valid invalid valid f address bus cs n as rd d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 hwr lwr d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 read access write access note: n = 7 to 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 high undetermined data figure 6.12 bus control signal timing for 16-bit, three-state-access area (2) (byte access to odd address) 147 bus cycle external address in area n valid valid f address bus cs n as rd d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 hwr lwr d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 read access write access note: n = 7 to 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 valid valid figure 6.13 bus control signal timing for 16-bit, three-state-access area (3) (word access) 148 16-bit, two-state-access areas: figures 6.14 to 6.16 show the timing of bus control signals for a 16-bit, two-state-access area. in these areas, the upper data bus (d 15 to d 8 ) is used in accesses to even addresses and the lower data bus (d 7 to d 0 ) in accesses to odd addresses. wait states cannot be inserted. bus cycle even external address in area n valid invalid valid high f address bus cs n as rd d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 hwr lwr d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 read access write access note: n = 7 to 0 t 1 t 2 undetermined data figure 6.14 bus control signal timing for 16-bit, two-state-access area (1) (byte access to even address) 149 bus cycle odd external address in area n valid invalid valid high f address bus cs n as rd d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 hwr lwr d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 read access write access note: n = 7 to 0 t 1 t 2 undetermined data figure 6.15 bus control signal timing for 16-bit, two-state-access area (2) (byte access to odd address) 150 bus cycle external address in area n valid valid f address bus cs n as rd d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 hwr lwr d 15 to d 8 d 7 to d 0 read access write access note: n = 7 to 0 t 1 t 2 valid valid figure 6.16 bus control signal timing for 16-bit, two-state-access area (3) (word access) 6.4.6 wait control when accessing external space, the h8/3068f can extend the bus cycle by inserting one or more wait states (t w ). there are two ways of inserting wait states: (1) program wait insertion and (2) pin wait insertion using the wait pin. program wait insertion: from 0 to 3 wait states can be inserted automatically between the t 2 state and t 3 state on an individual area basis in three-state access space, according to the settings of wcrh and wcrl. pin wait insertion: setting the waite bit in bcr to 1 enables wait insertion by means of the wait pin. when external space is accessed in this state, a program wait is first inserted. if the wait pin is low at the falling edge of f in the last t 2 or t w state, another t w state is inserted. if the wait pin is held low, t w states are inserted until it goes high. 151 this is useful when inserting four or more t w states, or when changing the number of t w states for different external devices. the waite bit setting applies to all areas. pin waits cannot be inserted in dram space. figure 6.17 shows an example of the timing for insertion of one program wait state in 3-state space. f wait address bus data bus read access write access data bus as rd t 1 t 2 t w t w t w t 3 hwr , lwr note: indicates the timing of wait pin sampling. inserted by program wait inserted by wait pin read data write data figure 6.17 example of wait state insertion timing 152 6.5 dram interface 6.5.1 overview the h8/3068f is provided with a dram interface with functions for dram control signal ( ras , ucas , lcas , we ) output, address multiplexing, and refreshing, that direct connection of dram. in the expanded modes, external address space areas 2 to 5 can be designated as dram space accessed via the dram interface. a data bus width of 8 or 16 bits can be selected for dram space by means of a setting in abwcr. when a 16-bit data bus width is selected, cas is used for byte access control. in the case of 16-bit organization dram, therefore, the 2-cas type can be connected. a fast page mode is supported in addition to the normal read and write access modes. 6.5.2 dram space and ras output pin settings designation of areas 2 to 5 as dram space, and selection of the ras output pin for each area designated as dram space, is performed by setting bits in drcra. table 6.5 shows the correspondence between the settings of bits dras2 to dras0 and the selected dram space and ras output pin. when an arbitrary value has been set in dras2 to dras0, a write of a different value other than 000 must not be performed. 153 table 6.5 settings of bits dras2 to dras0 and corresponding dram space ( ras output pin) dras2 dras1 dras0 area 5 area 4 area 3 area 2 0 0 0 normal space normal space normal space normal space 1 normal space normal space normal space dram space ( cs 2 ) 1 0 normal space normal space dram space ( cs 3 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) 1 normal space normal space dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * 1 0 0 normal space dram space ( cs 4 ) dram space ( cs 3 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) 1 dram space ( cs 5 ) dram space ( cs 4 ) dram space ( cs 3 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) 1 0 dram space ( cs 4 ) * dram space ( cs 4 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * 1 dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * dram space ( cs 2 ) * note: * a single cs n pin serves as a common ras output pin for a number of areas. unused cs n pins can be used as input/output ports. 6.5.3 address multiplexing when dram space is accessed, the row address and column address are multiplexed. the address multiplexing method is selected with bits mxc1 and mxc0 in drcrb according to the number of bits in the dram column address. table 6.6 shows the correspondence between the settings of mxc1 and mxc0 and the address multiplexing method. 154 table 6.6 settings of bits mxc1 and mxc0 and address multiplexing method drcrb column address address pins mxc1 mxc0 bits a 23 to a 13 a 12 a 11 a 10 a 9 a 8 a 7 a 6 a 5 a 4 a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 row address 0 0 8 bits a 23 to a 13 a 20 * a 19 a 18 a 17 a 16 a 15 a 14 a 13 a 12 a 11 a 10 a 9 a 8 1 9 bits a 23 to a 13 a 12 a 20 * a 19 a 18 a 17 a 16 a 15 a 14 a 13 a 12 a 11 a 10 a 9 1 0 10 bits a 23 to a 13 a 12 a 11 a 20 * a 19 a 18 a 17 a 16 a 15 a 14 a 13 a 12 a 11 a 10 1 illegal setting column address a 23 to a 13 a 12 a 11 a 10 a 9 a 8 a 7 a 6 a 5 a 4 a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 note: * row address bit a 20 is not multiplexed in 1-mbyte mode. 6.5.4 data bus if the bit in abwcr corresponding to an area designated as dram space is set to 1, that area is designated as 8-bit dram space; if the bit is cleared to 0, the area is designated as 16-bit dram space. in 16-bit dram space, 16-bit organization dram can be connected directly. in 8-bit dram space the upper half of the data bus, d 15 to d 8 , is enabled, while in 16-bit dram space both the upper and lower halves of the data bus, d 15 to d 0 , are enabled. access sizes and data alignment are the same as for the basic bus interface: see section 6.4.2, data size and data alignment. 6.5.5 pins used for dram interface table 6.7 shows the pins used for dram interfacing and their functions. 155 table 6.7 dram interface pins pin with dram designated name i/o function pb4 ucas upper column address strobe output upper column address strobe for dram space access (when csel = 0 in drcrb) pb5 lcas lower column address strobe output lower column address strobe for dram space access (when csel = 0 in drcrb) hwr ucas upper column address strobe output upper column address strobe for dram space access (when csel = 1 in drcrb) lwr lcas lower column address strobe output lower column address strobe for dram space access (when csel = 1 in drcrb) cs 2 ras 2 row address strobe 2 output row address strobe for dram space access cs 3 ras 3 row address strobe 3 output row address strobe for dram space access cs 4 ras 4 row address strobe 4 output row address strobe for dram space access cs 5 ras 5 row address strobe 5 output row address strobe for dram space access rd we write enable output write enable for dram space write access * p80 rfsh refresh output goes low in refresh cycle a 12 to a 0 a 12 to a 0 address output row address/column address multiplexed output d 15 to d 0 d 15 to d 0 data i/o data input/output pins note: * fixed high in a read access. 6.5.6 basic timing figure 6.18 shows the basic access timing for dram space. the basic dram access timing is four states: one precharge cycle (t p ) state, one row address output cycle (t r ) state, and two column address output cycle (t c1 , t c2 ) states. unlike the basic bus interface, the corresponding bits in astcr control only enabling or disabling of wait insertion between t c1 and t c2 , and do not affect the number of access states. when the corresponding bit in astcr is cleared to 0, wait states cannot be inserted between t c1 and t c2 in the dram access cycle. if a dram read/write cycle is followed by an access cycle for an external area other than dram space when hwr and lwr are selected as the ucas and lcas output pins, an idle cycle (ti) is inserted unconditionally immediately after the dram access cycle. see section 6.9, idle cycle, for details. 156 a 23 to a 0 f csn ( ras ) t p tr t c1 t c2 (ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 as rd ( we ) d 15 to d 0 rd ( we ) d 15 to d 0 ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 row column read access write access note: n = 2 to 5 high level high level figure 6.18 basic access timing (csel = 0 in drcrb) 6.5.7 precharge state control in the h8/3068f, provision is made for the dram ras precharge time by always inserting one ras precharge state (t p ) when dram space is accessed. this can be changed to two t p states by setting the tpc bit to 1 in drcrb. the optimum number of t p cycles should be set according to the dram connected and the operating frequency of the h8/3068f chip. figure 6.19 shows the timing when two t p states are inserted. when the tcp bit is set to 1, two t p states are also used for cas-before-ras refresh cycles. 157 f a 23 to a 0 csn ( ras ) as t p1 tr t c1 ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 rd ( we ) d 15 to d 0 rd ( we ) d 15 to d 0 ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 t c2 t p2 note: n = 2 to 5 row high level high level column read access write access figure 6.19 timing with two precharge states (csel = 0 in drcrb) 6.5.8 wait control in a dram access cycle, wait states can be inserted (1) between the t r state and t c1 state, and (2) between the t c1 state and t c2 state. insertion of t rw wait state between t r and t c1 : one t rw state can be inserted between t r and t c1 by setting the rcw bit to 1 in drcrb. insertion of t w wait state(s) between t c1 and t c2 : when the bit in astcr corresponding to an area designated as dram space is set to 1, from 0 to 3 wait states can be inserted between the t c1 state and t c2 state by means of settings in wcrh and wcrl. figure 6.20 shows an example of the timing for wait state insertion. 158 the settings of the rcw bit in drcrb and of astcr, wcrh, and wcrl do not affect refresh cycles. wait states cannot be inserted in a dram space access cycle by means of the wait pin. t p tr t c1 t c2 ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 rd ( we ) csn ( ras ) as d 15 to d 0 rd ( we ) d 15 to d 0 ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 a 23 to a 0 f trw tw tw write access read access read data write data note: n = 2 to 5 row column high level high level figure 6.20 example of wait state insertion timing (csel = 0) 6.5.9 byte access control and cas output pin when an access is made to dram space designated as a 16-bit-access area in abwcr, column address strobes ( ucas and lcas ) corresponding to the upper and lower halves of the external data bus are output. in the case of 16-bit organization dram, the 2-cas type can be connected. either pb4 and pb5, or hwr and lwr , can be used as the ucas and lcas output pins, the selection being made with the csel bit in drcrb. table 6.8 shows the csel bit settings and corresponding output pin selections. 159 when an access is made to dram space designated as an 8-bit-access area in abwcr, only ucas is output. when the entire dram space is designated as 8-bit-access space and csel = 0, pb5 can be used as an input/output port. note that ras down mode cannot be used when a device other than dram is connected to external space and hwr and lwr are used as write strobes. in this case, also, an idle cycle (ti) is always inserted when an external access to other than dram space occurs after a dram space access. for details, see section 6.9, idle cycle. table 6.8 csel settings and ucas and lcas output pins csel ucas lcas 0pb 4 pb 5 1 hwr lwr figure 6.21 shows the control timing. a 23 to a 0 f csn ( ras ) t p tr t c1 t c2 pb 4 ( ucas ) pb 5 ( lcas ) rd ( we ) note: n = 2 to 5 byte control row column figure 6.21 control timing (upper-byte write access when csel = 0) 160 6.5.10 burst operation with dram, in addition to full access (normal access) in which data is accessed by outputting a row address for each access, a fast page mode is also provided which can be used when making a number of consecutive accesses to the same row address. this mode enables fast (burst) access of data by simply changing the column address after the row address has been output. burst access can be selected by setting the be bit to 1 in drcra. burst access (fast page mode) operation timing: figure 6.22 shows the operation timing for burst access. when there are consecutive access cycles for dram space, the column address and cas signal output cycles (two states) continue as long as the row address is the same for consecutive access cycles. in burst access, too, the bus cycle can be extended by inserting wait states between t c1 and t c2 . the wait state insertion method and timing are the same as for full access: see section 6.5.8, wait control, for details. the row address used for the comparison is determined by the bus width of the relevant area set in bits mxc1 and mxc0 in brcrb, and in abwcr. table 6.9 shows the compared row addresses corresponding to the various settings of bits mxc1 and mxc0, and abwcr. a 23 to a 0 f cs n( ras ) as t p tr t c2 ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 rd ( we ) d 15 to d 0 ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 t c2 t c1 t c1 d 15 to d 0 rd ( we ) note: n = 2 to 5 read access write access row column 1 column 2 high level figure 6.22 operation timing in fast page mode 161 table 6.9 correspondence between settings of mxc1 and mxc0 bits and abwcr, and row address compared in burst access drcrb abwcr operating mode mxc1 mxc0 abwn bus width compared row address modes 1 and 2 0 0 0 16 bits a19 to a9 (1-mbyte) 1 8 bits a19 to a8 1 0 16 bits a19 to a10 1 8 bits a19 to a9 1 0 0 16 bits a19 to a11 1 8 bits a19 to a10 1 illegal setting modes 3, 4, and 5 0 0 0 16 bits a23 to a9 (16-mbyte) 1 8 bits a23 to a8 1 0 16 bits a23 to a10 1 8 bits a23 to a9 1 0 0 16 bits a23 to a11 1 8 bits a23 to a10 1 illegal setting note: n = 2 to 5 ras down mode and ras up mode: with dram provided with fast page mode, as long as accesses are to the same row address, burst operation can be continued without interruption even if accesses are not consecutive by holding the ras signal low. ras down mode to select ras down mode, set the be and rdm bits to 1 in drcra. if access to dram space is interrupted and another space is accessed, the ras signal is held low during the access to the other space, and burst access is performed if the row address of the next dram space access is the same as the row address of the previous dram space access. figure 6.23 shows an example of the timing in ras down mode. 162 a 23 to a 0 f csn ( ras ) t p tr t c2 ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 d 15 to d 0 t 2 t c1 t 1 t c2 t c1 as note: n = 2 to 5 dram access dram access external space access figure 6.23 example of operation timing in ras down mode (csel = 0) when ras down mode is selected, the conditions for an asserted ras n signal to return to the high level are as shown below. the timing in these cases is shown in figure 6.24. ? when dram space with a different row address is accessed ? immediately before a cas-before-ras refresh cycle ? when the be bit or rdm bit is cleared to 0 in drcra ? immediately before release of the external bus 163 f ras n f ras n f ras n f ras n note: n = 2 to 5 dram access cycle cbr refresh cycle drcra write cycle external bus released high-impedance (a) access to dram space with a different row address (b) cas-before-ras refresh cycle (c) be bit or rdm bit cleared to 0 in drcra (d) external bus released figure 6.24 ras n negation timing when ras down mode is selected 164 when ras down mode is selected, the cas-before-ras refresh function provided with this dram interface must always be used as the dram refreshing method. when a refresh operation is performed, the ras signal goes high immediately beforehand. the refresh interval setting must be made so that the maximum dram ras pulse width specification is observed. when the self-refresh function is used, the rdm bit must be cleared to 0, and ras up mode selected, before executing a sleep instruction in order to enter software standby mode. select ras down mode again after exiting software standby mode. note that ras down mode cannot be used when hwr and lwr are selected for ucas and lcas , a device other than dram is connected to external space, and hwr and lwr are used as write strobes. ras up mode to select ras up mode, clear the rdm bit to 0 in drcra. each time access to dram space is interrupted and another space is accessed, the ras signal returns to the high level. burst operation is only performed if dram space is continuous. figure 6.25 shows an example of the timing in ras up mode. a 23 to a 0 f csn ( ras ) as t p tr t c2 d 15 to d 0 t 2 t c1 t 1 t c2 t c1 pb 4 /pb 5 ( ucas / lcas ) note: n = 2 to 5 dram access dram access external space access figure 6.25 example of operation timing in ras up mode 165 6.5.11 refresh control the h8/3068f is provided with a cas-before-ras (cbr) function and self-refresh function as dram refresh control functions. cas-before-ras (cbr) refreshing: to select cbr refreshing, set the rcyce bit to 1 in drcrb. with cbr refreshing, rtcnt counts up using the input clock selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in rtmcsr, and a refresh request is generated when the count matches the value set in rtcor (compare match). at the same time, rtcnt is reset and starts counting up again from h'00. refreshing is thus repeated at fixed intervals determined by rtcor and bits cks2 to cks0. a refresh cycle is executed after this refresh request has been accepted and the dram interface has acquired the bus. set a value in bits cks2 to cks0 in rtcor that will meet the refresh interval specification for the dram used. when ras down mode is used, set the refresh interval so that the maximum ras pulse width specification is met. rtcnt starts counting up when bits cks2 to cks0 are set. rtcnt and rtcor settings should therefore be completed before setting bits cks2 to cks0. also note that a repeat refresh request generated during a bus request, or a refresh request during refresh cycle execution, will be ignored. rtcnt operation is shown in figure 6.26, compare match timing in figure 6.27, and cbr refresh timing in figures 6.28 and 6.29. rtcnt rtcor h'00 refresh request figure 6.26 rtcnt operation 166 n n h'00 f rtcnt rtcor refresh request signal and cmf bit setting signal figure 6.27 compare match timing t rp t r1 t r2 f cs n ( ras ) ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 rd ( we ) rfsh as address bus * area 2 start address high high level note: * in address update mode 1, the area 2 start address is output. in address update mode 2, the address in the preceding bus cycle is retained. figure 6.28 cbr refresh timing (csel = 0, tpc = 0, rlw = 0) the basic cbs refresh cycle timing comprises three states: one ras precharge cycle (t rp ) state, and two ras output cycle (t r1 , t r2 ) states. either one or two states can be selected for the ras precharge cycle. when the tpc bit is set to 1 in drcrb, ras signal output is delayed by one cycle. this does not affect the timing of ucas and lcas output. 167 use the rlw bit in drcrb to adjust the ras signal width. a single refresh wait state (t rw ) can be inserted between the t r1 state and t r2 state by setting the rlw bit to 1. the rlw bit setting is valid only for cbr refresh cycles, and does not affect dram read/write cycles. the number of states in the cbr refresh cycle is not affected by the settings in astcr, wcrh, or wcrl, or by the state of the wait pin. figure 6.29 shows the timing when the tpc bit and rlw bit are both set to 1. t rp1 t rp2 t r1 t rw f rd ( we ) cs n ( ras ) ( ucas / lcas ) pb 4 /pb 5 t r2 rfsh as address bus * area 2 start address high high level note: * in address update mode 1, the area 2 start address is output. in address update mode 2, the address in the preceding bus cycle is retained. figure 6.29 cbr refresh timing (csel = 0, tpc = 1, rlw = 1) dram must be refreshed immediately after powering on in order to stabilize its internal state. when using the h8/3068f cas-before-ras refresh function, therefore, a dram stabilization period should be provided by means of interrupts by another timer module, or by counting the number of times bit 7 (cmf) of rtmcsr is set, for instance, immediately after bits dras2 to dras0 have been set in drcra. self-refreshing: a self-refresh mode (battery backup mode) is provided for dram as a kind of standby mode. in this mode, refresh timing and refresh addresses are generated within the dram. the h8/3068f has a function that places the dram in self-refresh mode when the chip enters software standby mode. 168 to use the self-refresh function, set the srfmd bit to 1 in drcra. when a sleep instruction is subsequently executed in order to enter software standby mode, the cas and ras signals are output and the dram enters self-refresh mode, as shown in figure 6.30. when the chip exits software standby mode, cas and ras outputs go high. the following conditions must be observed when the self-refresh function is used: when burst access is selected, ras up mode must be selected before executing a sleep instruction in order to enter software standby mode. therefore, if ras down mode has been selected, the rdm bit in drcra must be cleared to 0 and ras up mode selected before executing the sleep instruction. select ras down mode again after exiting software standby mode. the instruction immediately following a sleep instruction must not be located in an area designated as dram space. the self-refresh function will not work properly unless the above conditions are observed. f cs n (ras) address bus pb 4 (ucas) pb 5 (lcas) rd(we) rfsh software standby mode oscillation stabilization time high-impedance figure 6.30 self-refresh timing (csel = 0) refresh signal ( rfsh ): a refresh signal ( rfsh ) that transmits a refresh cycle off-chip can be output by setting the rfshe bit to 1 in drcra. rfsh output timing is shown in figures 6.28, 6.29, and 6.30. 169 6.5.12 examples of use examples of dram connection and program setup procedures are shown below. when the dram interface is used, check the dram device characteristics and choose the most appropriate method of use for that device. connection examples ? figure 6.31 shows typical interconnections when using two 2-cas type 16-mbit drams using a ? 16-bit organization, and the corresponding address map. the drams used in this example are of the 10-bit row address ? 10-bit column address type. up to four drams can be connected by designating areas 2 to 5 as dram space. 170 cs 2 (ras 2 ) cs 3 (ras 3 ) rd (we) a 10 -a 1 d 15 -d 0 a 9 -a 0 d 15 -d 0 pb 4 (ucas) pb 5 (lcas) ras we ucas lcas a 9 -a 0 d 15 -d 0 ras we ucas lcas no.1 no.2 oe oe dram (no.1) h'400000 h'5ffffe h'600000 h'7ffffe h'800000 h'9ffffe h'a00000 h'bffffe dram (no.2) normal normal cs 2 (ras 2 ) cs 3 (ras 3 ) cs 4 cs 5 pb 4 (ucas) pb 5 (lcas) 15 0 7 8 h8/3067 series chip 2-cas 16-mbit dram 10-bit row address x 10-bit column address x16-bit organization (a) interconnections (example) (b) address map area 2 area 3 area 4 area 5 figure 6.31 interconnections and address map for 2-cas 16-mbit drams with ? 16- bit organization 171 ? figure 6.32 shows typical interconnections when using two 16-mbit drams using a ? 8-bit organization, and the corresponding address map. the drams used in this example are of the 11-bit row address 10-bit column address type. the cs 2 pin is used as the common ras output pin for areas 2 and 3. when the dram address space spans a number of contiguous areas, as in this example, the appropriate setting of bits dras2 to dras0 enables a single cs pin to be used as the common ras output pin for a number of areas, and makes it possible to directly connect large-capacity dram with address space that spans a maximum of four areas. any unused cs pins (in this example, the cs 3 pin) can be used as input/output ports. cs 2 (ras 2 ) rd (we) a 21 , a 10 -a 1 d 15 -d 8 d 7 -d 0 a 10 -a 0 d 7 -d 0 pb 4 (ucas) pb 5 (lcas) ras we cas a 10 -a 0 d 7 -d 0 ras we cas no.1 no.2 oe oe dram (no.1) h'400000 h'5ffffe h'600000 h'7ffffe h'800000 h'9ffffe h'a00000 h'bffffe dram (no.2) cs 2 (ras 2 ) cs 4 cs 5 pb 4 (ucas) pb 5 (lcas) 15 0 7 8 h8/3067 series chip 2-cas 16-mbit dram 11-bit row address x 10-bit column address x8-bit organization (a) interconnections (example) (b) address map 16-mbyte mode area 2 area 3 area 4 area 5 normal normal figure 6.32 interconnections and address map for 16-mbit drams with ? 8-bit organization 172 ? figure 6.33 shows typical interconnections when using two 4-mbit drams, and the corresponding address map. the drams used in this example are of the 9-bit row address 10-bit column address type. in this example, upper address decoding allows multiple drams to be connected to a single area. the rfsh pin is used in this case, since both drams must be refreshed simultaneously. however, note that ras down mode cannot be used in this interconnection example. cs 2 (ras 2 ) rd (we) a 9 -a 1 d 15 -d 0 a 8 -a 0 d 15 -d 0 pb 4 (ucas) pb 5 (lcas) ras we ucas lcas a 8 -a 0 d 15 -d 0 ras we ucas lcas no.1 no.2 oe oe dram (no.1) h'400000 h'47fffe h'480000 h'4ffffe h'500000 h'5ffffe dram (no.2) not used (a) interconnections (example) cs 2 (ras 2 ) pb 4 (ucas) pb 5 (lcas) 15 0 7 8 area 2 16-mbyte mode (b) address map h8/3067 series chip 2-cas 4-mbit dram 9-bit row address x 9-bit column address x16-bit organization rfsh a 19 figure 6.33 interconnections and address map for 2-cas 4-mbit drams with ? 16-bit organization 173 example of program setup procedure: figure 6.34 shows an example of the program setup procedure. set abwcr set rtcor set bits cks2 to cks0 in rtmcsr set drcrb set drcra wait for dram stabilization time dram can be accessed figure 6.34 example of setup procedure when using dram interface 6.5.13 usage notes note the following points when using the dram refresh function. ? refresh cycles will not be executed when the external bus released state, software standby mode, or a bus cycle is extended by means of wait state insertion. refreshing must therefore be performed by other means in these cases. ? if a refresh request is generated internally while the external bus is released, the first request is retained and a single refresh cycle will be executed after the bus-released state is cleared. figure 6.35 shows the bus cycle in this case. ? when a bus cycle is extended by means of wait state insertion, the first request is retained in the same way as when the external bus has been released. ? in the event of contention with a bus request from an external bus master when a transition is made to software standby mode, the back and strobe states may be indeterminate after the transition to software standby mode (see figure 6.36). 174 when software standby mode is used, the brle bit should be cleared to 0 in brcr before executing the sleep instruction. similar contention in a transition to self-refresh mode may prevent dependable strobe waveform output. this can also be avoided by clearing the brlw bit to 0 in brcr. ? immediately after self-refreshing is cleared, external bus release is possible during a given period until the start of a cpu cycle. attention must be paid to the ras state to ensure that the specification for the ras precharge time immediately after self-refreshing is met. f rfsh refresh request back external bus released refresh cycle cpu cycle refresh cycle figure 6.35 bus-released state and refresh cycles f breq back software standby mode address bus strobe figure 6.36 bus-released state and software standby mode 175 @sp f ras cas oscillation stabilization time on exit from software standby mode cpu internal cycle (period in which external bus can be released) cpu cycle address figure 6.37 self-refresh clearing 176 6.6 interval timer 6.6.1 operation when dram is not connected to the h8/3068f chip, the refresh timer can be used as an interval timer by clearing bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra to 0. after setting rtcor, selection a clock source with bits cks2 to cks0 in rtmcsr, and set the cmie bit to 1. timing of setting of compare match flag and clearing by compare match: the cmf flag in rtmcsr is set to 1 by a compare match output when the rtcor and rtcnt values match. the compare match signal is generated in the last state in which the values match (when rtcnt is updated from the matching value to a new value). accordingly, when rtcnt and rtcor match, the compare match signal is not generated until the next counter clock pulse. figure 6.38 shows the timing. n n h'00 f rtcnt cmf flag rtcor compare match signal figure 6.38 timing of cmf flag setting operation in power-down state: the interval timer operates in sleep mode. it does not operate in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode, rtcnt and rtmcsr bits 7 and 6 are initialized, but rtmcsr bits 5 to 3 and rtcor retain their settings prior to the transition to software standby mode. contention between rtcnt write and counter clear: if a counter clear signal occurs in the t 3 state of an rtcnt write cycle, clearing of the counter takes priority and the write is not performed. see figure 6.39. 177 h'00 f rtcnt address bus internal write signal counter clear signal t 1 t 2 t 3 n rtcnt address figure 6.39 contention between rtcnt write and clear contention between rtcnt write and increment: if an increment pulse occurs in the t 3 state of an rtcnt write cycle, writing takes priority and rtcnt is not incremented. see figure 6.40. m f rtcnt t 1 t 2 t 3 n address bus rtcnt address internal write signal rtcnt input clock counter write data figure 6.40 contention between rtcnt write and increment 178 contention between rtcor write and compare match: if a compare match occurs in the t 3 state of an rtcor write cycle, writing takes priority and the compare match signal is inhibited. see figure 6.41. m f rtcor compare match signal t 1 t 2 t 3 n n+1 n rtcnt internal write signal address bus rtcor address rtcor write data inhibited figure 6.41 contention between rtcor write and compare match rtcnt operation at internal clock source switchover: switching internal clock sources may cause rtcnt to increment, depending on the switchover timing. table 6.10 shows the relation between the time of the switchover (by writing to bits cks2 to cks0) and the operation of rtcnt. the rtcnt input clock is generated from the internal clock source by detecting the falling edge of the internal clock. if a switchover is made from a high clock source to a low clock source, as in case no. 3 in table 6.10, the switchover will be regarded as a falling edge, an rtcnt clock pulse will be generated, and rtcnt will be incremented. 179 table 6.10 internal clock switchover and rtcnt operation n n+1 no. 1 n n+1 2 n+2 cks2 to cks0 write timing rtcnt operation low low switchover * 1 low high switchover * 2 old clock source new clock source rtcnt clock rtcnt old clock source new clock source rtcnt clock rtcnt cks bits rewritten cks bits rewritten 180 n n+1 no. 3 n n+1 rtcnt 4 n+2 n+2 * 4 * 1 including switchovers from a low clock source to the halted state, and from the halted state to a low clock source. * 2 including switchover from the halted state to a high clock source. * 3 including switchover from a high clock source to the halted state. * 4 the switchover is regarded as a falling edge, causing rtcnt to increment. notes: cks2 to cks0 write timing rtcnt operation high low switchover * 3 high high switchover * 4 old clock source new clock source rtcnt clock rtcnt old clock source new clock source rtcnt clock cks bits rewritten cks bits rewritten 181 6.7 interrupt sources compare match interrupts (cmi) can be generated when the refresh timer is used as an interval timer. compare match interrupt requests are masked/unmasked with the cmie bit in rtmcsr. 6.8 burst rom interface 6.8.1 overview with the h8/3068f, external space area 0 can be designated as burst rom space, and burst rom space interfacing can be performed. the burst rom space interface enables 16-bit organization rom with burst access capability to be accessed at high speed. area 0 is designated as burst rom space by means of the brome bit in bcr. continuous burst access of a maximum or four or eight words can be performed on external space area 0. two or three states can be selected for burst access. 6.8.2 basic timing the number of states in the initial cycle (full access) and a burst cycle of the burst rom interface is determined by the setting of the ast0 bit in astcr. when the ast0 bit is set to 1, wait states can also be inserted in the initial cycle. wait states cannot be inserted in a burst cycle. burst access of up to four words is performed when the brsts0 bit is cleared to 0 in bcr, and burst access of up to eight words when the brsts0 bit is set to 1. the number of burst access states is two when the brsts1 bit is cleared to 0, and three when the brsts1 bit is set to 1. the basic access timing for burst rom space is shown in figure 6.42. 182 f t 1 t 2 t 3 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 rd as cs 0 full access burst access address bus only lower address changes read data read data read data data bus figure 6.42 example of burst rom access timing 6.8.3 wait control as with the basic bus interface, either program wait insertion or pin wait insertion using the wait pin can be used in the initial cycle (full access) of the burst rom interface. wait states cannot be inserted in a burst cycle. 183 6.9 idle cycle 6.9.1 operation when the h8/3068f chip accesses external space, it can insert a 1-state idle cycle (t i ) between bus cycles in the following cases: (1) when read accesses between different areas occur consecutively, (2) when a write cycle occurs immediately after a read cycle, and (3) immediately after a dram space access. by inserting an idle cycle it is possible, for example, to avoid data collisions between rom, which has a long output floating time, and high-speed memory, i/o interfaces, and so on. the icis1 and icis0 bits in bcr both have an initial value of 1, so that an idle cycle is inserted in the initial state. if there are no data collisions, the icis bits can be cleared. consecutive reads between different areas: if consecutive reads between different areas occur while the icis1 bit is set to 1 in bcr, an idle cycle is inserted at the start of the second read cycle. figure 6.43 shows an example of the operation in this case. in this example, bus cycle a is a read cycle from rom with a long output floating time, and bus cycle b is a read cycle from sram, each being located in a different area. in (a), an idle cycle is not inserted, and a collision occurs in cycle b between the read data from rom and that from sram. in (b), an idle cycle is inserted, and a data collision is prevented. f t 1 t 2 t 3 rd t 1 t 2 f t 1 t 2 t 3 t i t 2 t 1 address bus data bus rd address bus data bus bus cycle a bus cycle b bus cycle a bus cycle b data collision long buffer-off time (a) idle cycle not inserted (b) idle cycle inserted figure 6.43 example of idle cycle operation (1) (icis1 = 1) write after read: if an external write occurs after an external read while the icis0 bit is set to 1 in bcr, an idle cycle is inserted at the start of the write cycle. figure 6.44 shows an example of the operation in this case. in this example, bus cycle a is a read cycle from rom with a long output floating time, and bus cycle b is a cpu write cycle. 184 in (a), an idle cycle is not inserted, and a collision occurs in cycle b between the read data from rom and the cpu write data. in (b), an idle cycle is inserted, and a data collision is prevented. f t 1 t 2 t 3 rd address bus data bus t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 3 t i t 2 t 1 hwr f rd address bus data bus hwr bus cycle a bus cycle b bus cycle a bus cycle b long buffer-off time data collision ( a ) idle c y cle not inserted ( b ) idle c y cle inserted figure 6.44 example of idle cycle operation (2) (icis0 = 1) external address space access immediately after dram space access: if a dram space access is followed by a non-dram external access when hwr and lwr have been selected as the ucas and lcas output pins by means of the csel bit in drcrb, a ti cycle is inserted regardless of the settings of bits icis0 and icis1 in bcr. figure 6.45 shows an example of the operation. this is done to prevent simultaneous changing of the hwr and lwr signals used as ucas and lcas in dram space and cs n for the space in the next cycle, and so avoid an erroneous write to the external device in the next cycle. a t i cycle is not inserted when pb4 and pb5 have been selected as the ucas and lcas output pins. in the case of consecutive dram space access precharge cycles (t p ), the icis0 and icis1 bit settings are invalid. in the case of consecutive reads between different areas, for example, if the second access is a dram access, only a t p cycle is inserted, and a t i cycle is not. the timing in this case is shown in figure 6.46. 185 f address bus simultaneous change of hwr / lwr and csn tp tr tc1 tc2 bus cycle a (dram access cycle) hwr / lwr ( ucas / lcas ) t1 t2 bus cycle b csn tp tr tc1 tc2 t1 ti t2 f address bus hwr / lwr ( ucas / lcas ) csn bus cycle a (dram access cycle) bus cycle b (a) idle cycle not inserted (b) idle cycle inserted figure 6.45 example of idle cycle operation (3) ( hwr / lwr used as ucas / lcas ) f address bus t1 t2 t3 address bus ucas / lcas rd tp tc1 tr tc2 external read dram space read figure 6.46 example of idle cycle operation (4) (consecutive precharge cycles) usage notes: when non-insertion of idle cycles is set, the rise (negation) of rd and the fall (assertion) of csn may occur simultaneously. an example of the operation is shown in figure 6.47. if consecutive reads between different external areas occur while the icis1 bit is cleared to 0 in bcr, or if a write cycle to a different external area occurs after an external read while the icis0 bit is cleared to 0, the rd negation in the first read cycle and the csn assertion in the following bus cycle will occur simultaneously. therefore, depending on the output delay time of each signal, it is possible that the low-level output of rd in the preceding read cycle and the low-level output of csn in the following bus cycle will overlap. a setting whereby idle cycle insertion is not performed can be made only when rd and csn do not change simultaneously, or when it does not matter if they do. 186 f address bus t1 t2 t3 bus cycle a rd t1 t2 (a) idle cycle not inserted t1 t2 t3 ti t2 (b) idle cycle inserted t1 simultaneous change of rd and csn possibility of mutual overlap csn f address bus rd csn bus cycle b bus cycle a bus cycle b figure 6.47 example of idle cycle operation (5) 6.9.2 pin states in idle cycle table 6.11 shows the pin states in an idle cycle. table 6.11 pin states in idle cycle pins pin state a 23 to a 0 next cycle address value d 15 to d 0 high impedance cs n high * ucas , lcas high as high rd high hwr high lwr high note: * remains low in dram space ras down mode. 187 6.10 bus arbiter the bus controller has a built-in bus arbiter that arbitrates between different bus masters. there are four bus masters: the cpu, dma controller (dmac), dram interface, and an external bus master. when a bus master has the bus right it can carry out read, write, or refresh access. each bus master uses a bus request signal to request the bus right. at fixed times the bus arbiter determines priority and uses a bus acknowledge signal to grant the bus to a bus master, which can the operate using the bus. the bus arbiter checks whether the bus request signal from a bus master is active or inactive, and returns an acknowledge signal to the bus master. when two or more bus masters request the bus, the highest-priority bus master receives an acknowledge signal. the bus master that receives an acknowledge signal can continue to use the bus until the acknowledge signal is deactivated. the bus master priority order is: (high) external bus master > dram interface > dmac > cpu (low) the bus arbiter samples the bus request signals and determines priority at all times, but it does not always grant the bus immediately, even when it receives a bus request from a bus master with higher priority than the current bus master. each bus master has certain times at which it can release the bus to a higher-priority bus master. 6.10.1 operation cpu: the cpu is the lowest-priority bus master. if the dmac, dram interface, or an external bus master requests the bus while the cpu has the bus right, the bus arbiter transfers the bus right to the bus master that requested it. the bus right is transferred at the following times: ? the bus right is transferred at the boundary of a bus cycle. if word data is accessed by two consecutive byte accesses, however, the bus right is not transferred between the two byte accesses. ? if another bus master requests the bus while the cpu is performing internal operations, such as executing a multiply or divide instruction, the bus right is transferred immediately. the cpu continues its internal operations. ? if another bus master requests the bus while the cpu is in sleep mode, the bus right is transferred immediately. dmac: when the dmac receives an activation request, it requests the bus right from the bus arbiter. if the dmac is bus master and the dram interface or an external bus master requests the bus, the bus arbiter transfers the bus right from the dmac to the bus master that requested the bus. the bus right is transferred at the following times. 188 the bus right is transferred when the dmac finishes transferring one byte or one word. a dmac transfer cycle consists of a read cycle and a write cycle. the bus right is not transferred between the read cycle and the write cycle. there is a priority order among the dmac channels. for details see section 7.4.9, multiple- channel operation. dram interface: the dram interface requests the bus right from the bus arbiter when a refresh cycle request is issued, and releases the bus at the end of the refresh cycle. for details see section 6.5, dram interface. external bus master: when the brle bit is set to 1 in brcr, the bus can be released to an external bus master. the external bus master has highest priority, and requests the bus right from the bus arbiter y driving the breq signal low. once the external bus master acquires the bus, it keeps the bus until the breq signal goes high. while the bus is released to an external bus master, the h8/3068f chip holds the address bus, data bus, bus control signals ( as , rd , hwr , and lwr ), and chip select signals ( cs n: n = 7 to 0) in the high-impedance state, and holds the back pin in the low output state. the bus arbiter samples the breq pin at the rise of the system clock ( f ). if breq is low, the bus is released to the external bus master at the appropriate opportunity. the breq signal should be held low until the back signal goes low. when the breq pin is high in two consecutive samples, the back pin is driven high to end the bus-release cycle. figure 6.48 shows the timing when the bus right is requested by an external bus master during a read cycle in a two-state access area. there is a minimum interval of three states from when the breq signal goes low until the bus is released. 189 f rd back ( 1 )( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )( 6 ) breq hwr , lwr t 0 t 1 t 2 as data bus address bus cpu cycles cpu cycles external bus released high address minimum 3 cycles high-impedance high-impedance high-impedance high-impedance high-impedance figure 6.48 example of external bus master operation in the event of contention with a bus request from an external bus master when a transition is made to software standby mode, the back and strobe states may be indeterminate after the transition to software standby mode (see figure 6.36). when software standby mode is used, the brle bit should be cleared to 0 in brcr before executing the sleep instruction. 190 6.11 register and pin input timing 6.11.1 register write timing abwcr, astcr, wcrh, and wcrl write timing: data written to abwcr, astcr, wcrh, and wcrl takes effect starting from the next bus cycle. figure 6.49 shows the timing when an instruction fetched from area 0 changes area 0 from three-state access to two-state access. f t 1 t 2 t 3 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 1 t 2 address bus 3-state access to area 0 2-state access to area 0 astcr address figure 6.49 astcr write timing ddr and cscr write timing: data written to ddr or cscr for the port corresponding to the cs n pin to switch between cs n output and generic input takes effect starting from the t 3 state of the ddr write cycle. figure 6.50 shows the timing when the cs 1 pin is changed from generic input to cs 1 output. f t 1 t 2 t 3 cs 1 address bus high-impedance p8ddr address figure 6.50 ddr write timing 191 brcr write timing: data written to brcr to switch between a 23 , a 22 , a 21 , or a 20 output and generic input or output takes effect starting from the t 3 state of the brcr write cycle. figure 6.51 shows the timing when a pin is changed from generic input to a 23 , a 22 , a 21 , or a 20 output. f t 1 t 2 t 3 pa 7 to pa 4 ( a 23 to a 20 ) address bus brcr address high-impedance figure 6.51 brcr write timing 6.11.2 breq pin input timing after driving the breq pin low, hold it low until back goes low. if breq returns to the high level before back goes lows, the bus arbiter may operate incorrectly. to terminate the external-bus-released state, hold the breq signal high for at least three states. if breq is high for too short an interval, the bus arbiter may operate incorrectly. 192 193 section 7 dma controller 7.1 overview the h8/3068f has an on-chip dma controller (dmac) that can transfer data on up to four channels. when the dma controller is not used, it can be independently halted to conserve power. for details see section 20.6, module standby function. 7.1.1 features dmac features are listed below. selection of short address mode or full address mode short address mode ? 8-bit source address and 24-bit destination address, or vice versa ? maximum four channels available ? selection of i/o mode, idle mode, or repeat mode full address mode ? 24-bit source and destination addresses ? maximum two channels available ? selection of normal mode or block transfer mode directly addressable 16-mbyte address space selection of byte or word transfer activation by internal interrupts, external requests, or auto-request (depending on transfer mode) ? 16-bit timer compare match/input capture interrupts ( 3) ? serial communication interface (sci channel 0) transmit-data-empty/receive-data-full interrupts ? external requests ? auto-request ? a/d converter conversion-end interrupt 194 7.1.2 block diagram figure 7.1 shows a dmac block diagram. imia0 imia1 imia2 adi txi0 rxi0 dreq 0 dreq 1 tend 0 tend 1 dend0a dend0b dend1a dend1b dtcr0a dtcr0b dtcr1a dtcr1b control logic data buffer address buffer arithmetic-logic unit mar0a mar0b mar1a mar1b ioar0a ioar0b ioar1a ioar1b etcr0a etcr0b etcr1a etcr1b internal address bus internal interrupts interrupt signals internal data bus module data bus legend dtcr: mar: ioar: etcr: data transfer control register memory address register i/o address register execute transfer count register channel 0a channel 0b channel 1a channel 1b channel 0 channel 1 figure 7.1 block diagram of dmac 195 7.1.3 functional overview table 7.1 gives an overview of the dmac functions. table 7.1 dmac functional overview address reg. length transfer mode activation source destina- tion short address mode i/o mode transfers one byte or one word per request increments or decrements the memory address by 1 or 2 executes 1 to 65,536 transfers compare match/input capture a interrupts from 16- bit timer channels 0 to 2 transmit-data-empty interrupt from sci channel 0 24 8 idle mode transfers one byte or one word per request holds the memory address fixed conversion-end interrupt from a/d converter receive-data-full interrupt from sci channel 0 824 executes 1 to 65,536 transfers repeat mode transfers one byte or one word per request increments or decrements the memory address by 1 or 2 executes a specified number (1 to 255) of transfers, then returns to the initial state and continues external request 24 8 full address mode normal mode auto-request ? retains the transfer request internally ? executes a specified number(1 to 65,536) of transfers continuously ? selection of burst mode or cycle- steal mode external request ? transfers one byte or one word per request ? executes 1 to 65,536 transfers auto-request external request 24 24 block transfer transfers one block of a specified size per request executes 1 to 65,536 transfers allows either the source or destination to be a fixed block area block size can be 1 to 255 bytes or words compare match/ input capture a interrupts from 16- bit timer channels 0 to 2 external request conversion-end interrupt from a/d converter 24 24 196 7.1.4 input/output pins table 7.2 lists the dmac pins. table 7.2 dmac pins channel name abbrevia- tion input/ output function 0 dma request 0 dreq 0 input external request for dmac channel 0 transfer end 0 tend 0 output transfer end on dmac channel 0 1 dma request 1 dreq 1 input external request for dmac channel 1 transfer end 1 tend 1 output transfer end on dmac channel 1 note: external requests cannot be made to channel a in short address mode. 7.1.5 register configuration table 7.3 lists the dmac registers. 197 table 7.3 dmac registers channel address * name abbreviation r/w initial value 0 h'fff20 memory address register 0ar mar0ar r/w undetermined h'fff21 memory address register 0ae mar0ae r/w undetermined h'fff22 memory address register 0ah mar0ah r/w undetermined h'fff23 memory address register 0al mar0al r/w undetermined h'fff26 i/o address register 0a ioar0a r/w undetermined h'fff24 execute transfer count register 0ah etcr0ah r/w undetermined h'fff25 execute transfer count register 0al etcr0al r/w undetermined h'fff27 data transfer control register 0a dtcr0a r/w h'00 h'fff28 memory address register 0br mar0br r/w undetermined h'fff29 memory address register 0be mar0be r/w undetermined h'fff2a memory address register 0bh mar0bh r/w undetermined h'fff2b memory address register 0bl mar0bl r/w undetermined h'fff2e i/o address register 0b ioar0b r/w undetermined h'fff2c execute transfer count register 0bh etcr0bh r/w undetermined h'fff2d execute transfer count register 0bl etcr0bl r/w undetermined h'fff2f data transfer control register 0b dtcr0b r/w h'00 1 h'fff30 memory address register 1ar mar1ar r/w undetermined h'fff31 memory address register 1ae mar1ae r/w undetermined h'fff32 memory address register 1ah mar1ah r/w undetermined h'fff33 memory address register 1al mar1al r/w undetermined h'fff36 i/o address register 1a ioar1a r/w undetermined h'fff34 execute transfer count register 1ah etcr1ah r/w undetermined h'fff35 execute transfer count register 1al etcr1al r/w undetermined h'fff37 data transfer control register 1a dtcr1a r/w h'00 h'fff38 memory address register 1br mar1br r/w undetermined h'fff39 memory address register 1be mar1be r/w undetermined h'fff3a memory address register 1bh mar1bh r/w undetermined h'fff3b memory address register 1bl mar1bl r/w undetermined h'fff3e i/o address register 1b ioar1b r/w undetermined h'fff3c execute transfer count register 1bh etcr1bh r/w undetermined h'fff3d execute transfer count register 1bl etcr1bl r/w undetermined h'fff3f data transfer control register 1b dtcr1b r/w h'00 note: * the lower 20 bits of the address are indicated. 198 7.2 register descriptions (1) (short address mode) in short address mode, transfers can be carried out independently on channels a and b. short address mode is selected by bits dts2a and dts1a in data transfer control register a (dtcra) as indicated in table 7.4. table 7.4 selection of short and full address modes channel bit 2 dts2a bit 1 dts1a description 0 1 1 dmac channel 0 operates as one channel in full address mode other than above dmac channels 0a and 0b operate as two independent channels in short address mode 1 1 1 dmac channel 1 operates as one channel in full address mode other than above dmac channels 1a and 1b operate as two independent channels in short address mode 7.2.1 memory address registers (mar) a memory address register (mar) is a 32-bit readable/writable register that specifies a source or destination address. the transfer direction is determined automatically from the activation source. an mar consists of four 8-bit registers designated marr, mare, marh, and marl. all bits of marr are reserved; they cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit initial value read/write 31 source or destination address 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 r/w 22 r/w 21 r/w 20 r/w 19 r/w 18 r/w 17 r/w 16 r/w 15 r/w 14 r/w 13 r/w 12 r/w 11 undetermined r/w 10 r/w 9 r/w 8 r/w 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w 0 r/w marr mare marh marl an mar functions as a source or destination address register depending on how the dmac is activated: as a destination address register if activation is by a receive-data-full interrupt from serial communication interface (sci) channel 0 or by an a/d converter conversion-end interrupt, and as a source address register otherwise. the mar value is incremented or decremented each time one byte or word is transferred, automatically updating the source or destination memory address. for details, see section 7.3.4, data transfer control registers (dtcr). the mars are not initialized by a reset or in standby mode. 199 7.2.2 i/o address registers (ioar) an i/o address register (ioar) is an 8-bit readable/writable register that specifies a source or destination address. the ioar value is the lower 8 bits of the address. the upper 16 address bits are all 1 (h'ffff). bit initial value read/write 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 0 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w source or destination address undetermined an ioar functions as a source or destination address register depending on how the dmac is activated: as a destination address register if activation is by a receive-data-full interrupt from serial communication interface (sci) channel 0 or by an a/d converter conversion-end interrupt, and as a source address register otherwise. the ioar value is held fixed. it is not incremented or decremented when a transfer is executed. the ioars are not initialized by a reset or in standby mode. 7.2.3 execute transfer count registers (etcr) an execute transfer count register (etcr) is a 16-bit readable/writable register that specifies the number of transfers to be executed. these registers function in one way in i/o mode and idle mode, and another way in repeat mode. i/o mode and idle mode bit initial value read/write 14 r/w 12 r/w 10 r/w 8 r/w 6 r/w 0 r/w 4 r/w 2 r/w transfer counter undetermined 15 r/w 13 r/w 11 r/w 9 r/w 7 r/w 1 r/w 5 r/w 3 r/w in i/o mode and idle mode, etcr functions as a 16-bit counter. the count is decremented by 1 each time one transfer is executed. the transfer ends when the count reaches h'0000. 200 repeat mode bit initial value read/write 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 0 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w undetermined transfer counter etcrh bit initial value read/write 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 0 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w undetermined initial count etcrl in repeat mode, etcrh functions as an 8-bit transfer counter and etcrl holds the initial transfer count. etcrh is decremented by 1 each time one transfer is executed. when etcrh reaches h'00, the value in etcrl is reloaded into etcrh and the same operation is repeated. the etcrs are not initialized by a reset or in standby mode. 201 7.2.4 data transfer control registers (dtcr) a data transfer control register (dtcr) is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the operation of one dmac channel. bit initial value read/write 7 dte 0 r/w 6 dtsz 0 r/w 5 dtid 0 r/w 4 rpe 0 r/w 3 dtie 0 r/w 0 dts0 0 r/w 2 dts2 0 r/w 1 dts1 0 r/w data transfer enable enables or disables data transfer data transfer interrupt enable enables or disables the cpu interrupt at the end of the transfer data transfer select these bits select the data transfer activation source data transfer size selects byte or word size data transfer increment/decrement selects whether to increment or decrement the memory address register repeat enable selects repeat mode the dtcrs are initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?ata transfer enable (dte): enables or disables data transfer on a channel. when the dte bit is set to 1, the channel waits for a transfer to be requested, and executes the transfer when activated as specified by bits dts2 to dts0. when dte is 0, the channel is disabled and does not accept transfer requests. dte is set to 1 by reading the register when dte is 0, then writing 1. bit 7 dte description 0 data transfer is disabled. in i/o mode or idle mode, dte is cleared to 0 (initial value) when the specified number of transfers have been completed 1 data transfer is enabled if dtie is set to 1, a cpu interrupt is requested when dtie is cleared to 0. 202 bit 6?ata transfer size (dtsz): selects the data size of each transfer. bit 6 dtsz description 0 byte-size transfer (initial value) 1 word-size transfer bit 5?ata transfer increment/decrement (dtid): selects whether to increment or decrement the memory address register (mar) after a data transfer in i/o mode or repeat mode. bit 5 dtid description 0 mar is incremented after each data transfer (initial value) if dtsz = 0, mar is incremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mar is incremented by 2 after each transfer 1 mar is decremented after each data transfer if dtsz = 0, mar is decremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mar is decremented by 2 after each transfer mar is not incremented or decremented in idle mode. bit 4?epeat enable (rpe): selects whether to transfer data in i/o mode, idle mode, or repeat mode. bit 4 rpe bit 3 dtie description 0 0 i/o mode (initial value) 1 1 0 repeat mode 1 idle mode operations in these modes are described in sections 7.4.2, i/o mode, 7.4.3, idle mode, and 7.4.4, repeat mode. 203 bit 3?ata transfer interrupt enable (dtie): enables or disables the cpu interrupt (dend) requested when the dte bit is cleared to 0. bit 3 dtie description 0 the dend interrupt requested by dte is disabled (initial value) 1 the dend interrupt requested by dte is enabled bits 2 to 0?ata transfer select (dts2, dts1, dts0): these bits select the data transfer activation source. some of the selectable sources differ between channels a and b. bit 2 dts2 bit 1 dts1 bit 0 dts0 description 0 0 0 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 0 (initial value) 1 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 1 1 0 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 2 1 conversion-end interrupt from a/d converter 1 0 0 transmit-data-empty interrupt from sci channel 0 1 receive-data-full interrupt from sci channel 0 1 0 falling edge of dreq input (channel b) transfer in full address mode (channel a) 1 low level of dreq input (channel b) transfer in full address mode (channel a) note: see section 7.3.4, data transfer control registers (dtcr). the same internal interrupt can be selected as an activation source for two or more channels at once. in that case the channels are activated in a priority order, highest-priority channel first. for the priority order, see section 7.4.9, multiple-channel operation. when a channel is enabled (dte = 1), its selected dmac activation source cannot generate a cpu interrupt. 204 7.3 register descriptions (2) (full address mode) in full address mode the a and b channels operate together. full address mode is selected as indicated in table 7.4. 7.3.1 memory address registers (mar) a memory address register (mar) is a 32-bit readable/writable register. mara functions as the source address register of the transfer, and marb as the destination address register. an mar consists of four 8-bit registers designated marr, mare, marh, and marl. all bits of marr are reserved; they cannot be modified and are always read as 1. (write is invalid.) bit initial value read/write 31 source or destination address 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 r/w 22 r/w 21 r/w 20 r/w 19 r/w 18 r/w 17 r/w 16 r/w 15 r/w 14 r/w 13 r/w 12 r/w 11 r/w 10 r/w 9 r/w 8 r/w 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w 0 r/w marr mare marh marl undetermined the mar value is incremented or decremented each time one byte or word is transferred, automatically updating the source or destination memory address. for details, see section 7.3.4, data transfer control registers (dtcr). the mars are not initialized by a reset or in standby mode. 7.3.2 i/o address registers (ioar) the i/o address registers (ioars) are not used in full address mode. 205 7.3.3 execute transfer count registers (etcr) an execute transfer count register (etcr) is a 16-bit readable/writable register that specifies the number of transfers to be executed. the functions of these registers differ between normal mode and block transfer mode. normal mode etcra bit initial value read/write 14 r/w 12 r/w 10 r/w 8 r/w 6 r/w 0 r/w 4 r/w 2 r/w transfer counter undetermined 15 r/w 13 r/w 11 r/w 9 r/w 7 r/w 1 r/w 5 r/w 3 r/w etcrb: is not used in normal mode. in normal mode etcra functions as a 16-bit transfer counter. the count is decremented by 1 each time one transfer is executed. the transfer ends when the count reaches h'0000. etcrb is not used. 206 block transfer mode etcra bit initial value read/write 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 0 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w undetermined block size counter etcrah bit initial value read/write 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 0 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w undetermined initial block size etcral etcrb bit initial value read/write 14 r/w 12 r/w 10 r/w 8 r/w 6 r/w 0 r/w 4 r/w 2 r/w block transfer counter undetermined 15 r/w 13 r/w 11 r/w 9 r/w 7 r/w 1 r/w 5 r/w 3 r/w in block transfer mode, etcrah functions as an 8-bit block size counter. etcral holds the initial block size. etcrah is decremented by 1 each time one byte or word is transferred. when the count reaches h'00, etcrah is reloaded from etcral. blocks consisting of an arbitrary number of bytes or words can be transferred repeatedly by setting the same initial block size value in etcrah and etcral. in block transfer mode etcrb functions as a 16-bit block transfer counter. etcrb is decremented by 1 each time one block is transferred. the transfer ends when the count reaches h'0000. the etcrs are not initialized by a reset or in standby mode. 207 7.3.4 data transfer control registers (dtcr) the data transfer control registers (dtcrs) are 8-bit readable/writable registers that control the operation of the dmac channels. a channel operates in full address mode when bits dts2a and dts1a are both set to 1 in dtcra. dtcra and dtcrb have different functions in full address mode. dtcra bit initial value read/write 7 dte 0 r/w 6 dtsz 0 r/w 5 said 0 r/w 4 saide 0 r/w 3 dtie 0 r/w 0 dts0a 0 r/w 2 dts2a 0 r/w 1 dts1a 0 r/w data transfer enable enables or disables data transfer enables or disables the cpu interrupt at the end of the transfer data transfer size selects byte or word size source address increment/decrement data transfer select 2a and 1a these bits must both be set to 1 data transfer interrupt enable source address increment/ decrement enable these bits select whether the source address register (mara) is incremented, decremented, or held fixed during the data transfer selects block transfer mode data transfer select 0a dtcra is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. 208 bit 7?ata transfer enable (dte): together with the dtme bit in dtcrb, this bit enables or disables data transfer on the channel. when the dtme and dte bits are both set to 1, the channel is enabled. if auto-request is specified, data transfer begins immediately. otherwise, the channel waits for transfers to be requested. when the specified number of transfers have been completed, the dte bit is automatically cleared to 0. when dte is 0, the channel is disabled and does not accept transfer requests. dte is set to 1 by reading the register when dte is 0, then writing 1. bit 7 dte description 0 data transfer is disabled (dte is cleared to 0 when the specified number (initial value) of transfers have been completed) 1 data transfer is enabled if dtie is set to 1, a cpu interrupt is requested when dte is cleared to 0. bit 6?ata transfer size (dtsz): selects the data size of each transfer. bit 6 dtsz description 0 byte-size transfer (initial value) 1 word-size transfer bit 5?ource address increment/decrement (said) and, bit 4?ource address increment/decrement enable (saide): these bits select whether the source address register (mara) is incremented, decremented, or held fixed during the data transfer. bit 5 said bit 4 saide description 0 0 mara is held fixed (initial value) 1 mara is incremented after each data transfer if dtsz = 0, mara is incremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mara is incremented by 2 after each transfer 1 0 mara is held fixed 1 mara is decremented after each data transfer if dtsz = 0, mara is decremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mara is decremented by 2 after each transfer 209 bit 3?ata transfer interrupt enable (dtie): enables or disables the cpu interrupt (dend) requested when the dte bit is cleared to 0. bit 3 dtie description 0 the dend interrupt requested by dte is disabled (initial value) 1 the dend interrupt requested by dte is enabled bits 2 and 1?ata transfer select 2a and 1a (dts2a, dts1a): a channel operates in full address mode when dts2a and dts1a are both set to 1. bit 0?ata transfer select 0a (dts0a): selects normal mode or block transfer mode. bit 0 dts0a description 0 normal mode (initial value) 1 block transfer mode operations in these modes are described in sections 7.4.5, normal mode, and 7.4.6, block transfer mode. 210 dtcrb bit initial value read/write 7 dtme 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 daid 0 r/w 4 daide 0 r/w 3 tms 0 r/w 0 dts0b 0 r/w 2 dts2b 0 r/w 1 dts1b 0 r/w data transfer master enable enables or disables data transfer, together with the dte bit, and is cleared to 0 by an interrupt reserved bit destination address increment/decrement data transfer select 2b to 0b these bits select the data transfer activation source transfer mode select destination address increment/decrement enable these bits select whether the destination address register (marb) is incremented, decremented, or held fixed during the data transfer selects whether the block area is the source or destination in block transfer mode dtcrb is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?ata transfer master enable (dtme): together with the dte bit in dtcra, this bit enables or disables data transfer. when the dtme and dte bits are both set to 1, the channel is enabled. when an nmi interrupt occurs dtme is cleared to 0, suspending the transfer so that the cpu can use the bus. the suspended transfer resumes when dtme is set to 1 again. for further information on operation in block transfer mode, see section 7.6.6, nmi interrupts and block transfer mode. dtme is set to 1 by reading the register while dtme = 0, then writing 1. bit 7 dtme description 0 data transfer is disabled (dtme is cleared to 0 when an nmi interrupt (initial value) occurs) 1 data transfer is enabled 211 bit 6?eserved: although reserved, this bit can be written and read. bit 5?estination address increment/decrement (daid) and, bit 4?estination address increment/decrement enable (daide): these bits select whether the destination address register (marb) is incremented, decremented, or held fixed during the data transfer. bit 5 daid bit 4 daide description 0 0 marb is held fixed (initial value) 1 marb is incremented after each data transfer if dtsz = 0, marb is incremented by 1 after each data transfer if dtsz = 1, marb is incremented by 2 after each data transfer 1 0 marb is held fixed 1 marb is decremented after each data transfer if dtsz = 0, marb is decremented by 1 after each data transfer if dtsz = 1, marb is decremented by 2 after each data transfer bit 3?ransfer mode select (tms): selects whether the source or destination is the block area in block transfer mode. bit 3 tms description 0 destination is the block area in block transfer mode (initial value) 1 source is the block area in block transfer mode 212 bits 2 to 0?ata transfer select 2b to 0b (dts2b, dts1b, dts0b): these bits select the data transfer activation source. the selectable activation sources differ between normal mode and block transfer mode. normal mode bit 2 dts2b bit 1 dts1b bit 0 dts0b description 0 0 0 auto-request (burst mode) (initial value) 1 cannot be used 1 0 auto-request (cycle-steal mode) 1 cannot be used 1 0 0 cannot be used 1 cannot be used 1 0 falling edge of dreq 1 low level input at dreq block transfer mode bit 2 dts2b bit 1 dts1b bit 0 dts0b description 0 0 0 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 0 (initial value) 1 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 1 1 0 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 2 1 conversion-end interrupt from a/d converter 1 0 0 cannot be used 1 cannot be used 1 0 falling edge of dreq 1 cannot be used the same internal interrupt can be selected to activate two or more channels. the channels are activated in a priority order, highest priority first. for the priority order, see section 7.4.9, multiple-channel operation. 213 7.4 operation 7.4.1 overview table 7.5 summarizes the dmac modes. table 7.5 dmac modes transfer mode activation notes short address mode i/o mode idle mode repeat mode compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channels 0 to 2 up to four channels can operate independently transmit-data-empty and receive-data-full interrupts from sci channel 0 only the b channels support external requests conversion-end interrupt from a/d converter external request full address mode normal mode auto-request a and b channels are paired; up to two channels are available external request block transfer mode compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channels 0 to 2 burst mode transfer or cycle-steal mode transfer can be selected for auto- requests conversion-end interrupt from a/d converter external request a summary of operations in these modes follows. i/o mode: one byte or word is transferred per request. a designated number of these transfers are executed. a cpu interrupt can be requested at completion of the designated number of transfers. one 24-bit address and one 8-bit address are specified. the transfer direction is determined automatically from the activation source. idle mode: one byte or word is transferred per request. a designated number of these transfers are executed. a cpu interrupt can be requested at completion of the designated number of 214 transfers. one 24-bit address and one 8-bit address are specified. the addresses are held fixed. the transfer direction is determined automatically from the activation source. repeat mode: one byte or word is transferred per request. a designated number of these transfers are executed. when the designated number of transfers are completed, the initial address and counter value are restored and operation continues. no cpu interrupt is requested. one 24-bit address and one 8-bit address are specified. the transfer direction is determined automatically from the activation source. normal mode auto-request the dmac is activated by register setup alone, and continues executing transfers until the designated number of transfers have been completed. a cpu interrupt can be requested at completion of the transfers. both addresses are 24-bit addresses. ? cycle-steal mode the bus is released to another bus master after each byte or word is transferred. ? burst mode unless requested by a higher-priority bus master, the bus is not released until the designated number of transfers have been completed. external request one byte or word is transferred per request. a designated number of these transfers are executed. a cpu interrupt can be requested at completion of the designated number of transfers. both addresses are 24-bit addresses. block transfer mode: one block of a specified size is transferred per request. a designated number of block transfers are executed. at the end of each block transfer, one address is restored to its initial value. when the designated number of blocks have been transferred, a cpu interrupt can be requested. both addresses are 24-bit addresses. 215 7.4.2 i/o mode i/o mode can be selected independently for each channel. one byte or word is transferred at each transfer request in i/o mode. a designated number of these transfers are executed. one address is specified in the memory address register (mar), the other in the i/o address register (ioar). the direction of transfer is determined automatically from the activation source. the transfer is from the address specified in ioar to the address specified in mar if activated by an sci channel 0 receive-data-full interrupt, and from the address specified in mar to the address specified in ioar otherwise. table 7.6 indicates the register functions in i/o mode. table 7.6 register functions in i/o mode function register activated by sci 0 receive- data-full interrupt other activation initial setting operation 23 0 mar destination address register source address register destination or source start address incremented or decremented once per transfer all 1s ioar 23 0 7 source address register destination address register source or destination address held fixed 15 0 etcr transfer counter number of transfers decremented once per transfer until h'0000 is reached and transfer ends legend mar: memory address register ioar: i/o address register etcr: execute transfer count register mar and ioar specify the source and destination addresses. mar specifies a 24-bit source or destination address, which is incremented or decremented as each byte or word is transferred. ioar specifies the lower 8 bits of a fixed address. the upper 16 bits are all 1s. ioar is not incremented or decremented. figure 7.2 illustrates how i/o mode operates. 216 address t address b transfer legend l = initial setting of mar n = initial setting of etcr address t = l address b = l + (?) ?(2 ?n ?1) dtid ioar 1 byte or word is transferred per request dtsz figure 7.2 operation in i/o mode the transfer count is specified as a 16-bit value in etcr. the etcr value is decremented by 1 at each transfer. when the etcr value reaches h'0000, the dte bit is cleared and the transfer ends. if the dtie bit is set to 1, a cpu interrupt is requested at this time. the maximum transfer count is 65,536, obtained by setting etcr to h'0000. transfers can be requested (activated) by compare match/input capture a interrupts from 16-bit timer channels 0 to 2, transmit-data-empty and receive-data-full interrupts from sci channel 0, conversion-end interrupts from the a/d converter, and external request signals. for the detailed settings see section 7.2.4, data transfer control registers (dtcr). 217 figure 7.3 shows a sample setup procedure for i/o mode. set source and destination addresses set transfer count read dtcr set dtcr i/o mode i/o mode setup 1 2 3 4 1. 2. 3. 4. set the source and destination addresses in mar and ioar. the transfer direction is determined automatically from the activation source. set the transfer count in etcr. read dtcr while the dte bit is cleared to 0. set the dtcr bits as follows. select the dmac activation source with bits dts2 to dts0. set or clear the dtie bit to enable or disable the cpu interrupt at the end of the transfer. clear the rpe bit to 0 to select i/o mode. select mar increment or decrement with the dtid bit. select byte size or word size with the dtsz bit. set the dte bit to 1 to enable the transfer. figure 7.3 i/o mode setup procedure (example) 7.4.3 idle mode idle mode can be selected independently for each channel. one byte or word is transferred at each transfer request in idle mode. a designated number of these transfers are executed. one address is specified in the memory address register (mar), the other in the i/o address register (ioar). the direction of transfer is determined automatically from the activation source. the transfer is from the address specified in ioar to the address specified in mar if activated by an sci channel 0 receive-data-full interrupt, and from the address specified in mar to the address specified in ioar otherwise. table 7.7 indicates the register functions in idle mode. 218 table 7.7 register functions in idle mode function register activated by sci 0 receive- data-full interrupt other activation initial setting operation 23 0 mar destination address register source address register destination or source address held fixed all 1s ioar 23 0 7 source address register destination address register source or destination address held fixed 15 0 etcr transfer counter number of transfers decremented once per transfer until h'0000 is reached and transfer ends legend mar: memory address register ioar: i/o address register etcr: execute transfer count register mar and ioar specify the source and destination addresses. mar specifies a 24-bit source or destination address. ioar specifies the lower 8 bits of a fixed address. the upper 16 bits are all 1s. mar and ioar are not incremented or decremented. figure 7.4 illustrates how idle mode operates. transfer 1 byte or word is transferred per request ioar mar figure 7.4 operation in idle mode 219 the transfer count is specified as a 16-bit value in etcr. the etcr value is decremented by 1 at each transfer. when the etcr value reaches h'0000, the dte bit is cleared, the transfer ends, and a cpu interrupt is requested. the maximum transfer count is 65,536, obtained by setting etcr to h'0000. transfers can be requested (activated) by compare match/input capture a interrupts from 16-bit timer channels 0 to 2, transmit-data-empty and receive-data-full interrupts from sci channel 0, conversion-end interrupts from the a/d converter, and external request signals. for the detailed settings see section 7.3.4, data transfer control registers (dtcr). figure 7.5 shows a sample setup procedure for idle mode. set source and destination addresses set transfer count read dtcr set dtcr idle mode idle mode setup 1 2 3 4 1. 2. 3. 4. set the source and destination addresses in mar and ioar. the transfer direction is deter- mined automatically from the activation source. set the transfer count in etcr. read dtcr while the dte bit is cleared to 0. set the dtcr bits as follows. select the dmac activation source with bits dts2 to dts0. set the dtie and rpe bits to 1 to select idle mode. select byte size or word size with the dtsz bit. set the dte bit to 1 to enable the transfer. figure 7.5 idle mode setup procedure (example) 220 7.4.4 repeat mode repeat mode is useful for cyclically transferring a bit pattern from a table to the programmable timing pattern controller (tpc) in synchronization, for example, with 16-bit timer compare match. repeat mode can be selected for each channel independently. one byte or word is transferred per request in repeat mode, as in i/o mode. a designated number of these transfers are executed. one address is specified in the memory address register (mar), the other in the i/o address register (ioar). at the end of the designated number of transfers, mar and etcrh are restored to their original values and operation continues. the direction of transfer is determined automatically from the activation source. the transfer is from the address specified in ioar to the address specified in mar if activated by an sci channel 0 receive-data- full interrupt, and from the address specified in mar to the address specified in ioar otherwise. table 7.8 indicates the register functions in repeat mode. table 7.8 register functions in repeat mode function register activated by sci 0 receive- data-full interrupt other activation initial setting operation destination address register source address register destination or source start address incremented or decremented at each transfer until etcrh reaches h'0000, then restored to initial value source address register destination address register source or destination address held fixed transfer counter number of transfers decremented once per transfer until h'0000 is reached, then reloaded from etcrl initial transfer count number of transfers held fixed legend mar: memory address register ioar: i/o address register etcr: execute transfer count register 23 0 mar all 1s ioar 23 0 70 etcrh 7 70 etcrl 221 in repeat mode etcrh is used as the transfer counter while etcrl holds the initial transfer count. etcrh is decremented by 1 at each transfer until it reaches h'00, then is reloaded from etcrl. mar is also restored to its initial value, which is calculated from the dtsz and dtid bits in dtcr. specifically, mar is restored as follows: mar ? mar e (e1) dtid 2 dtsz etcrl etcrh and etcrl should be initially set to the same value. in repeat mode transfers continue until the cpu clears the dte bit to 0. after dte is cleared to 0, if the cpu sets dte to 1 again, transfers resume from the state at which dte was cleared. no cpu interrupt is requested. as in i/o mode, mar and ioar specify the source and destination addresses. mar specifies a 24-bit source or destination address. ioar specifies the lower 8 bits of a fixed address. the upper 16 bits are all 1s. ioar is not incremented or decremented. figure 7.6 illustrates how repeat mode operates. address t address b transfer 1 byte or word is transferred per request legend l = initial setting of mar n = initial setting of etcrh and etcrl address t = l address b = l + (?) ?(2 ?n ?1) dtid dtsz ioar figure 7.6 operation in repeat mode 222 the transfer count is specified as an 8-bit value in etcrh and etcrl. the maximum transfer count is 255, obtained by setting both etcrh and etcrl to h'ff. transfers can be requested (activated) by compare match/input capture a interrupts from 16-bit timer channels 0 to 2, transmit-data-empty and receive-data-full interrupts from sci channel 0, conversion-end interrupts from the a/d converter, and external request signals. for the detailed settings see section 7.2.4, data transfer control registers (dtcr). figure 7.7 shows a sample setup procedure for repeat mode. set source and destination addresses set transfer count read dtcr set dtcr repeat mode repeat mode 1 2 3 4 1. 2. 3. 4. set the source and destination addresses in mar and ioar. the transfer direction is determined automatically from the activation source. set the transfer count in both etcrh and etcrl. read dtcr while the dte bit is cleared to 0. select byte size or word size with the dtsz bit. set the dte bit to 1 to enable the transfer. select the dmac activation source with bits dts2 to dts0. clear the dtie bit to 0 and set the rpe bit to 1 to select repeat mode. select mar increment or decrement with the dtid bit. set the dtcr bits as follows. figure 7.7 repeat mode setup procedure (example) 223 7.4.5 normal mode in normal mode the a and b channels are combined. one byte or word is transferred per request. a designated number of these transfers are executed. addresses are specified in mara and marb. table 7.9 indicates the register functions in i/o mode. table 7.9 register functions in normal mode register function initial setting operation 23 0 mara source address register source start address incremented or decremented once per transfer, or held fixed 23 0 marb destination address register destination start address incremented or decremented once per transfer, or held fixed 15 0 etcra transfer counter number of transfers decremented once per transfer legend mara: memory address register a marb: memory address register b etcra: execute transfer count register a the source and destination addresses are both 24-bit addresses. mara specifies the source address. marb specifies the destination address. mara and marb can be independently incremented, decremented, or held fixed as data is transferred. the transfer count is specified as a 16-bit value in etcra. the etcra value is decremented by 1 at each transfer. when the etcra value reaches h'0000, the dte bit is cleared and the transfer ends. if the dtie bit is set to 1, a cpu interrupt is requested at this time. the maximum transfer count is 65,536, obtained by setting etcra to h'0000. 224 figure 7.8 illustrates how normal mode operates. address t address b transfer legend l l n t b t b said daid address t address b a b a a b b = initial setting of mara = initial setting of marb = initial setting of etcra = l = l + saide ?(?) ?(2 ?n ?1) = l = l + daide ?(?) (2 ?n ?1) a a b b dtsz dtsz a a b b figure 7.8 operation in normal mode transfers can be requested (activated) by an external request or auto-request. an auto-requested transfer is activated by the register settings alone. the designated number of transfers are executed automatically. either cycle-steal or burst mode can be selected. in cycle-steal mode the dmac releases the bus temporarily after each transfer. in burst mode the dmac keeps the bus until the transfers are completed, unless there is a bus request from a higher-priority bus master. for the detailed settings see section 7.3.4, data transfer control registers (dtcr). 225 figure 7.9 shows a sample setup procedure for normal mode. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. set the initial source address in mara. set the initial destination address in marb. set the transfer count in etcra. set the dtcrb bits as follows. set the dtcra bits as follows. read dtcrb with dtme cleared to 0. normal mode normal mode set initial source address set initial destination address set transfer count set dtcrb (1) set dtcra (1) read dtcrb set dtcrb (2) read dtcra set dtcra (2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 clear the dtme bit to 0. set the daid and daide bits to select whether marb is incremented, decremented, or held fixed. select the dmac activation source with bits dts2b to dts0b. clear the dte bit to 0. select byte or word size with the dtsz bit. set the said and saide bits to select whether mara is incremented, decremented, or held fixed. set or clear the dtie bit to enable or disable the cpu interrupt at the end of the transfer. clear the dts0a bit to 0 and set the dts2a and dts1a bits to 1 to select normal mode. set the dtme bit to 1 in dtcrb. read dtcra with dte cleared to 0. set the dte bit to 1 in dtcra to enable the transfer. note: carry out settings 1 to 9 with the dend interrupt masked in the cpu. if an nmi interrupt occurs during the setup procedure, it may clear the dtme bit to 0, in which case the transfer will not start. figure 7.9 normal mode setup procedure (example) 226 7.4.6 block transfer mode in block transfer mode the a and b channels are combined. one block of a specified size is transferred per request. a designated number of block transfers are executed. addresses are specified in mara and marb. the block area address can be either held fixed or cycled. table 7.10 indicates the register functions in block transfer mode. table 7.10 register functions in block transfer mode register function initial setting operation source address register source start address incremented or decremented once per transfer, or held fixed destination address register destination start address incremented or decremented once per transfer, or held fixed block size counter block size decremented once per transfer until h'00 is reached, then reloaded from etcrl initial block size block size held fixed block transfer counter number of block transfers decremented once per block transfer until h'0000 is reached and the transfer ends legend mara: memory address register a marb: memory address register b etcra: execute transfer count register a etcrb: execute transfer count register b 23 0 mara 70 etcrah 70 etcral 23 0 marb 15 0 etcrb the source and destination addresses are both 24-bit addresses. mara specifies the source address. marb specifies the destination address. mara and marb can be independently incremented, decremented, or held fixed as data is transferred. one of these registers operates as a block area register: even if it is incremented or decremented, it is restored to its initial value at the end of each block transfer. the tms bit in dtcrb selects whether the block area is the source or destination. 227 if m (1 to 255) is the size of the block transferred at each request and n (1 to 65,536) is the number of blocks to be transferred, then etcrah and etcral should initially be set to m and etcrb should initially be set to n. figure 7.10 illustrates how block transfer mode operates. in this figure, bit tms is cleared to 0, meaning the block area is the destination. t b transfer legend l l m n t b t b address t m bytes or words are transferred per request address b a a block 1 block n b b block area block 2 = initial setting of mara = initial setting of marb = initial setting of etcrah and etcral = initial setting of etcrb = l = l + saide ?(?) ?(2 ?m ?1) = l = l + daide ?(?) ?(2 ?m ?1) a a b b a b a a b b said daid dtsz dtsz figure 7.10 operation in block transfer mode 228 when activated by a transfer request, the dmac executes a burst transfer. during the transfer mara and marb are updated according to the dtcr settings, and etcrah is decremented. when etcrah reaches h'00, it is reloaded from etcral to restore the initial value. the memory address register of the block area is also restored to its initial value, and etcrb is decremented. if etcrb is not h'0000, the dmac then waits for the next transfer request. etcrah and etcral should be initially set to the same value. the above operation is repeated until etcrb reaches h'0000, at which point the dte bit is cleared to 0 and the transfer ends. if the dtie bit is set to 1, a cpu interrupt is requested at this time. figure 7.11 shows examples of a block transfer with byte data size when the block area is the destination. in (a) the block area address is cycled. in (b) the block area address is held fixed. transfers can be requested (activated) by compare match/input capture a interrupts from itu channels 0 to 2, by an a/d converter conversion-end interrupt, and by external request signals. for the detailed settings see section 7.3.4, data transfer control registers (dtcr). 229 start (dte = dtme = 1) transfer requested? get bus mara = mara + 1 read from mara address write to marb address marb = marb + 1 etcrah = etcrah 1 etcrah = h'00 release bus clear dte to 0 and end transfer etcrah = etcral marb = marb etcral etcrb = etcrb 1 etcrb = h'0000 start (dte = dtme = 1) transfer requested? get bus mara = mara + 1 read from mara address write to marb address etcrah = etcrah 1 etcrah = h'00 release bus clear dte to 0 and end transfer etcrb = etcrb 1 etcrb = h'0000 etcrah = etcral no no no yes yes yes no no no yes yes yes a. dtsz = tms = 0 said = daid = 0 saide = daide = 1 b. dtsz = tms = 0 said = 0 saide = 1 daide = 0 figure 7.11 block transfer mode flowcharts (examples) 230 figure 7.12 shows a sample setup procedure for block transfer mode. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. block transfer mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 set source address set destination address set block transfer count set block size set dtcrb (1) set dtcra (1) read dtcrb set dtcrb (2) read dtcra set dtcra (2) block transfer mode set the source address in mara. set the destination address in marb. set the block transfer count in etcrb. set the block size (number of bytes or words) in both etcrah and etcral. set the dtcrb bits as follows. set the dtcra bits as follows. clear the dtme bit to 0. set the daid and daide bits to select whether marb is incremented, decremented, or held fixed. set or clear the tms bit to make the block area the source or destination. select the dmac activation source with bits dts2b to dts0b. clear the dte to 0. select byte size or word size with the dtsz bit. set the said and saide bits to select whether mara is incremented, decremented, or held fixed. set or clear the dtie bit to enable or disable the cpu interrupt at the end of the transfer. set bits dts2a to dts0a all to 1 to select block transfer mode. read dtcrb with dtme cleared to 0. set the dtme bit to 1 in dtcrb. read dtcra with dte cleared to 0. set the dte bit to 1 in dtcra to enable the transfer. note: carry out settings 1 to 10 with the dend interrupt masked in the cpu. if an nmi interrupt occurs during the setup procedure, it may clear the dtme bit to 0, in which case the transfer will not start. figure 7.12 block transfer mode setup procedure (example) 231 7.4.7 dmac activation the dmac can be activated by an internal interrupt, external request, or auto-request. the available activation sources differ depending on the transfer mode and channel as indicated in table 7.11. table 7.11 dmac activation sources short address mode channels channels full address mode activation source 0a and 1a 0b and 1b normal block internal imia0 interrupts imia1 imia2 adi txi0 rxi0 external requests falling edge of dreq low input at dreq auto-request activation by internal interrupts: when an interrupt request is selected as a dmac activation source and the dte bit is set to 1, that interrupt request is not sent to the cpu. it is not possible for an interrupt request to activate the dmac and simultaneously generate a cpu interrupt. when the dmac is activated by an interrupt request, the interrupt request flag is cleared automatically. if the same interrupt is selected to activate two or more channels, the interrupt request flag is cleared when the highest-priority channel is activated, but the transfer request is held pending on the other channels in the dmac, which are activated in their priority order. 232 activation by external request: if an external request ( dreq pin) is selected as an activation source, the dreq pin becomes an input pin and the corresponding tend pin becomes an output pin, regardless of the port data direction register (ddr) settings. the dreq input can be level- sensitive or edge-sensitive. in short address mode and normal mode, an external request operates as follows. if edge sensing is selected, one byte or word is transferred each time a high-to-low transition of the dreq input is detected. if the next edge is input before the transfer is completed, the next transfer may not be executed. if level sensing is selected, the transfer continues while dreq is low, until the transfer is completed. the bus is released temporarily after each byte or word has been transferred, however. if the dreq input goes high during a transfer, the transfer is suspended after the current byte or word has been transferred. when dreq goes low, the request is held internally until one byte or word has been transferred. the tend signal goes low during the last write cycle. in block transfer mode, an external request operates as follows. only edge-sensitive transfer requests are possible in block transfer mode. each time a high-to-low transition of the dreq input is detected, a block of the specified size is transferred. the tend signal goes low during the last write cycle in each block. activation by auto-request: the transfer starts as soon as enabled by register setup, and continues until completed. cycle-steal mode or burst mode can be selected. in cycle-steal mode the dmac releases the bus temporarily after transferring each byte or word. normally, dmac cycles alternate with cpu cycles. in burst mode the dmac keeps the bus until the transfer is completed, unless there is a higher- priority bus request. if there is a higher-priority bus request, the bus is released after the current byte or word has been transferred. 233 7.4.8 dmac bus cycle figure 7.13 shows an example of the timing of the basic dmac bus cycle. this example shows a word-size transfer from a 16-bit two-state access area to an 8-bit three-state access area. when the dmac gets the bus from the cpu, after one dead cycle (t d ), it reads from the source address and writes to the destination address. during these read and write operations the bus is not released even if there is another bus request. dmac cycles comply with bus controller settings in the same way as cpu cycles. f rd hwr lwr t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 cpu cycle dmac cycle (1 word transfer) cpu cycle source address destination address address bus figure 7.13 dma transfer bus timing (example) 234 figure 7.14 shows the timing when the dmac is activated by low input at a dreq pin. this example shows a word-size transfer from a 16-bit two-state access area to another 16-bit two-state access area. the dmac continues the transfer while the dreq pin is held low. f dreq rd hwr tend t 1 t 2 t 3 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 lwr , cpu cycle dmac cycle cpu cycle dmac cycle (last transfer cycle) cpu cycle source address destination address source address destination address address bus figure 7.14 bus timing of dma transfer requested by low dreq input 235 figure 7.15 shows an auto-requested burst-mode transfer. this example shows a transfer of three words from a 16-bit two-state access area to another 16-bit two-state access area. t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 f rd , cpu cycle dmac cycle source address destination address cpu cycle t d address bus hwr lwr figure 7.15 burst dma bus timing when the dmac is activated from a dreq pin there is a minimum interval of four states from when the transfer is requested until the dmac starts operating. the dreq pin is not sampled during the time between the transfer request and the start of the transfer. in short address mode and normal mode, the pin is next sampled at the end of the read cycle. in block transfer mode, the pin is next sampled at the end of one block transfer. 236 figure 7.16 shows the timing when the dmac is activated by the falling edge of dreq in normal mode. f dreq rd hwr t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 lwr , cpu cycle dmac cycle cpu cycle dmac cycle minimum 4 states next sampling point address bus figure 7.16 timing of dmac activation by falling edge of dreq in normal mode 237 figure 7.17 shows the timing when the dmac is activated by level-sensitive low dreq input in normal mode. dreq rd hwr f lwr , t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 cpu cycle dmac cycle cpu cycle minimum 4 states next sampling point address bus figure 7.17 timing of dmac activation by low dreq level in normal mode 238 figure 7.18 shows the timing when the dmac is activated by the falling edge of dreq in block transfer mode. f dreq rd hwr tend t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 dmac cycle dmac cycle cpu cycle next sampling minimum 4 states end of 1 block transfer lwr , address bus figure 7.18 timing of dmac activation by falling edge of dreq in block transfer mode 239 7.4.9 multiple-channel operation the dmac channel priority order is: channel 0 > channel 1 and channel a > channel b. table 7.12 shows the complete priority order. table 7.12 channel priority order short address mode full address mode priority channel 0a channel 0 high channel 0b channel 1a channel 1 channel 1b low if transfers are requested on two or more channels simultaneously, or if a transfer on one channel is requested during a transfer on another channel, the dmac operates as follows. when a transfer is requested, the dmac requests the bus right. when it gets the bus right, it starts a transfer on the highest-priority channel at that time. once a transfer starts on one channel, requests to other channels are held pending until that channel releases the bus. after each transfer in short address mode, and each externally-requested or cycle-steal transfer in normal mode, the dmac releases the bus and returns to step 1. after releasing the bus, if there is a transfer request for another channel, the dmac requests the bus again. after completion of a burst-mode transfer, or after transfer of one block in block transfer mode, the dmac releases the bus and returns to step 1. if there is a transfer request for a higher-priority channel or a bus request from a higher-priority bus master, however, the dmac releases the bus after completing the transfer of the current byte or word. after releasing the bus, if there is a transfer request for another channel, the dmac requests the bus again. figure 7.19 shows the timing when channel 0a is set up for i/o mode and channel 1 for burst mode, and a transfer request for channel 0a is received while channel 1 is active. 240 f rd t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 , dmac cycle (channel 1) cpu cycle dmac cycle (channel 0a) cpu cycle dmac cycle (channel 1) address bus hwr lwr figure 7.19 timing of multiple-channel operations 7.4.10 external bus requests, dram interface, and dmac during a dmac transfer, if the bus right is requested by an external bus request signal ( breq ) or by the dram interface (refresh cycle), the dmac releases the bus after completing the transfer of the current byte or word. if there is a transfer request at this point, the dmac requests the bus right again. figure 7.20 shows an example of the timing of insertion of a refresh cycle during a burst transfer on channel 0. f rd hwr lwr , t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 dmac cycle (channel 0) dmac cycle (channel 0) refresh cycle address bus figure 7.20 bus timing of dram interface, and dmac 241 7.4.11 nmi interrupts and dmac nmi interrupts do not affect dmac operations in short address mode. if an nmi interrupt occurs during a transfer in full address mode, the dmac suspends operations. in full address mode, a channel is enabled when its dte and dtme bits are both set to 1. nmi input clears the dtme bit to 0. after transferring the current byte or word, the dmac releases the bus to the cpu. in normal mode, the suspended transfer resumes when the cpu sets the dtme bit to 1 again. check that the dte bit is set to 1 and the dtme bit is cleared to 0 before setting the dtme bit to 1. figure 7.21 shows the procedure for resuming a dmac transfer in normal mode on channel 0 after the transfer was halted by nmi input. resuming dmac transfer in normal mode dte = 1 dtme = 0 set dtme to 1 dma transfer continues end 1. 2. check that dte = 1 and dtme = 0. read dtcrb while dtme = 0, then write 1 in the dtme bit. 2 no yes 1 figure 7.21 procedure for resuming a dmac transfer halted by nmi (example) for information about nmi interrupts in block transfer mode, see section 7.6.6, nmi interrupts and block transfer mode. 242 7.4.12 aborting a dmac transfer when the dte bit in an active channel is cleared to 0, the dmac halts after transferring the current byte or word. the dmac starts again when the dte bit is set to 1. in full address mode, the dtme bit can be used for the same purpose. figure 7.22 shows the procedure for aborting a dmac transfer by software. dmac transfer abort set dtcr dmac transfer aborted 1 1. clear the dte bit to 0 in dtcr. to avoid generating an interrupt when aborting a dma transfer, clear the dtie bit to 0 simultaneously. figure 7.22 procedure for aborting a dmac transfer 243 7.4.13 exiting full address mode figure 7.23 shows the procedure for exiting full address mode and initializing the pair of channels. to set the channels up in another mode after exiting full address mode, follow the setup procedure for the relevant mode. exiting full address mode halt the channel initialize dtcrb initialize dtcra initialized and halted 1 2 3 1. 2. 3. clear the dte bit to 0 in dtcra, or wait for the transfer to end and the dte bit to be cleared to 0. clear all dtcrb bits to 0. clear all dtcra bits to 0. figure 7.23 procedure for exiting full address mode (example) 244 7.4.14 dmac states in reset state, standby modes, and sleep mode when the chip is reset or enters software standby mode, the dmac is initialized and halts. dmac operations continue in sleep mode. figure 7.24 shows the timing of a cycle-steal transfer in sleep mode. f address bus rd hwr lwr , 2 t d t t 2 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t cpu cycle dmac cycle dmac cycle sleep mode d t figure 7.24 timing of cycle-steal transfer in sleep mode 245 7.5 interrupts the dmac generates only dma-end interrupts. table 7.13 lists the interrupts and their priority. table 7.13 dmac interrupts description interrupt short address mode full address mode interrupt priority dend0a end of transfer on channel 0a end of transfer on channel 0 high dend0b end of transfer on channel 0b dend1a end of transfer on channel 1a end of transfer on channel 1 dend1b end of transfer on channel 1b low each interrupt is enabled or disabled by the dtie bit in the corresponding data transfer control register (dtcr). separate interrupt signals are sent to the interrupt controller. the interrupt priority order among channels is channel 0 > channel 1 and channel a > channel b. figure 7.25 shows the dma-end interrupt logic. an interrupt is requested whenever dte = 0 and dtie = 1. dte dtie dma-end interrupt figure 7.25 dma-end interrupt logic the dma-end interrupt for the b channels (dendb) is unavailable in full address mode. the dtme bit does not affect interrupt operations. 246 7.6 usage notes 7.6.1 note on word data transfer word data cannot be accessed starting at an odd address. when word-size transfer is selected, set even values in the memory and i/o address registers (mar and ioar). 7.6.2 dmac self-access the dmac itself cannot be accessed during a dmac cycle. dmac registers cannot be specified as source or destination addresses. 7.6.3 longword access to memory address registers a memory address register can be accessed as longword data at the marr address. example mov.l #lbl, er0 mov.l er0, @marr four byte accesses are performed. note that the cpu may release the bus between the second byte (mare) and third byte (marh). memory address registers should be written and read only when the dmac is halted. 7.6.4 note on full address mode setup full address mode is controlled by two registers: dtcra and dtcrb. care must be taken to prevent the b channel from operating in short address mode during the register setup. the enable bits (dte and dtme) should not be set to 1 until the end of the setup procedure. 247 7.6.5 note on activating dmac by internal interrupts when using an internal interrupt to activate the dmac, make sure that the interrupt selected as the activating source does not occur during the interval after it has been selected but before the dmac has been enabled. the on-chip supporting module that will generate the interrupt should not be activated until the dmac has been enabled. if the dmac must be enabled while the on- chip supporting module is active, follow the procedure in figure 7.26. enabling of dmac selected interrupt requested? interrupt hand- ling by cpu clear selected interrupt s enable bit to 0 enable dmac set selected interrupt s enable bit to 1 1 2 3 4 1. 2. 3. 4. while the dte bit is cleared to 0, interrupt requests are sent to the cpu. clear the interrupt enable bit to 0 in the interrupt-generating on-chip supporting module. enable the dmac. enable the dmac-activating interrupt. dmac operates yes no figure 7.26 procedure for enabling dmac while on-chip supporting module is operating (example) if the dte bit is set to 1 but the dtme bit is cleared to 0, the dmac is halted and the selected activating source cannot generate a cpu interrupt. if the dmac is halted by an nmi interrupt, for example, the selected activating source cannot generate cpu interrupts. to terminate dmac operations in this state, clear the dte bit to 0 to allow cpu interrupts to be requested. to continue dmac operations, carry out steps 2 and 4 in figure 7.26 before and after setting the dtme bit to 1. 248 when 16-bit timer interrupt activates the dmac, make sure the next interrupt does not occur before the dma transfer ends. if one 16-bit timer interrupt activates two or more channels, make sure the next interrupt does not occur before the dma transfers end on all the activated channels. if the next interrupt occurs before a transfer ends, the channel or channels for which that interrupt was selected may fail to accept further activation requests. 7.6.6 nmi interrupts and block transfer mode if an nmi interrupt occurs in block transfer mode, the dmac operates as follows. when the nmi interrupt occurs, the dmac finishes transferring the current byte or word, then clears the dtme bit to 0 and halts. the halt may occur in the middle of a block. it is possible to find whether a transfer was halted in the middle of a block by checking the block size counter. if the block size counter does not have its initial value, the transfer was halted in the middle of a block. if the transfer is halted in the middle of a block, the activating interrupt flag is cleared to 0. the activation request is not held pending. while the dte bit is set to 1 and the dtme bit is cleared to 0, the dmac is halted and does not accept activating interrupt requests. if an activating interrupt occurs in this state, the dmac does not operate and does not hold the transfer request pending internally. neither is a cpu interrupt requested. for this reason, before setting the dtme bit to 1, first clear the enable bit of the activating interrupt to 0. then, after setting the dtme bit to 1, set the interrupt enable bit to 1 again. see section 7.6.5, note on activating dmac by internal interrupts. when the dtme bit is set to 1, the dmac waits for the next transfer request. if it was halted in the middle of a block transfer, the rest of the block is transferred when the next transfer request occurs. otherwise, the next block is transferred when the next transfer request occurs. 7.6.7 memory and i/o address register values table 7.14 indicates the address ranges that can be specified in the memory and i/o address registers (mar and ioar). 249 table 7.14 address ranges specifiable in mar and ioar 1-mbyte mode 16-mbyte mode mar h'00000 to h'fffff (0 to 1048575) h'000000 to h'ffffff (0 to 16777215) ioar h'fff00 to h'fffff (1048320 to 1048575) h'ffff00 to h'ffffff (16776960 to 16777215) mar bits 23 to 20 are ignored in 1-mbyte mode. 7.6.8 bus cycle when transfer is aborted when a transfer is aborted by clearing the dte bit or suspended by an nmi that clears the dtme bit, if this halts a channel for which the dmac has a transfer request pending internally, a dead cycle may occur. this dead cycle does not update the halted channel? address register or counter value. figure 7.27 shows an example in which an auto-requested transfer in cycle-steal mode on channel 0 is aborted by clearing the dte bit in channel 0. f address bus rd hwr , lwr cpu cycle dmac cycle cpu cycle dmac cycle cpu cycle dte bit is cleared t 1 t 2 t d t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 t 2 t 3 t d t d t 1 t 2 figure 7.27 bus timing at abort of dma transfer in cycle-steal mode 7.6.9 transfer requests by a/d converter when the a/d converter is set to scan mode and conversion is performed on more than one channel, the a/d converter generates a transfer request when all conversions are completed. the converted data is stored in the appropriate addr registers. block transfer mode and full address mode should therefore be used to transfer all the conversion results at one time. 250 251 section 8 i/o ports 8.1 overview the h8/3068f has 11 input/output ports (ports 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, and b). table 8.1 summarizes the port functions. the pins in each port are multiplexed as shown in table 8.1. each port has a data direction register (ddr) for selecting input or output, and a data register (dr) for storing output data. in addition to these registers, ports 2, 4, and 5 have an input pull-up control register (pcr) for switching input pull-up transistors on and off. ports 1 to 6 and port 8 can drive one ttl load and a 90-pf capacitive load. ports 9, a, and b can drive one ttl load and a 30-pf capacitive load. ports 1 to 6 and 8 to b can drive a darlington pair. ports 1, 2, and 5 can drive leds (with 10-ma current sink). pins p8 2 to p8 0 , pa 7 to pa 0 have schmitt-trigger input circuits. for block diagrams of the ports see appendix c, i/o port block diagrams. 252 table 8.1 port functions expanded modes single-chip modes port description pins mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 6 mode 7 port 1 8-bit i/o port can drive leds p1 7 to p1 0 / a 7 to a 0 address output pins (a 7 to a 0 ) address output (a 7 to a 0 ) and generic input ddr = 0: generic input ddr = 1: address output generic input/output port 2 8-bit i/o port built-in input pull- up transistors can drive leds p2 7 to p2 0 / a 15 to a 8 address output pins (a 15 to a 8 ) address output (a 15 to a 8 ) and generic input ddr = 0: generic input ddr = 1: address output generic input/output port 3 8-bit i/o port p3 7 to p3 0 / d 15 to d 8 data input/output (d 15 to d 8 ) generic input/output port 4 8-bit i/o port built-in input pull- up transistors p4 7 to p4 0 / d 7 to d 0 data input/output (d 7 to d 0 ) and 8-bit generic input/output 8-bit bus mode: generic input/output 16-bit bus mode: data input/output generic input/output port 5 4-bit i/o port built-in input pull- up transistors can drive leds p5 3 to p5 0 / a 19 to a 16 address output (a 19 to a 16 ) address output (a 19 to a 16 ) and 4-bit generic input ddr = 0: generic input ddr = 1: address output generic input/output port 6 8-bit i/o port p6 7 / f clock output ( f ) and generic input p6 6 / lwr p6 5 / hwr p6 4 / rd p6 3 / as bus control signal output ( lwr , hwr , rd , as ) generic input/output p6 2 / back p6 1 / breq p6 0 / wait bus control signal input/output ( back , breq , wait ) and 3-bit generic input/output port 7 8-bit i/o port p7 7 /an 7 /da 1 p7 6 /an 6 /da 0 analog input (an 7 , an 6 ) to a/d converter, analog output (da 1 , da 0 ) from d/a converter, and generic input p7 5 to p7 0 / an 5 to an 0 analog input (an 5 to an 0 ) to a/d converter, and generic input port 8 5-bit i/o port p8 2 to p8 0 have schmitt inputs p8 4 / cs 0 ddr = 0: generic input ddr = 1 (reset value): cs 0 output ddr = 0 (reset value): generic input ddr = 1: cs 0 output generic input/output p8 3 / irq 3 / cs 1 / adtrg irq 3 input, cs 1 output, external trigger input ( adtrg ) to a/d converter, and generic input ddr = 0 (after reset): generic input ddr = 1: cs 1 output irq 3 input, external trigger input ( adtrg ) to a/d converter, and generic input/output p8 2 / irq 2 / cs 2 p8 1 / irq 1 / cs 3 irq 2 and irq 1 input, cs 2 and cs 3 output, and generic input * ddr = 0 (reset value): generic input ddr = 1: cs 2 and cs 3 output irq 2 and irq 1 input and generic input/output p8 0 / irq 0 / rfsh irq 0 input, rfsh output, and generic input/output irq 0 input and generic input/output note: * p8 1 can be used as an output port by making a setting in drcra. 253 expanded modes single-chip modes port description pins mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 6 mode 7 port 9 6-bit i/o port p9 5 / irq 5 /sck 1 p9 4 / irq 4 /sck 0 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 0 /txd 0 input and output (sck 1 , sck 0 , rxd 1 , rxd 0 , txd 1 , txd 0 ) for serial communication interfaces 1 and 0 (sci1/0), irq 5 and irq 4 input, and 6-bit generic input/output port a 8-bit i/o port schmitt inputs pa 7 /tp 7 / tiocb 2 /a 20 output (tp 7 ) from pro- grammable timing pattern controller (tpc), input or output (tiocb 2 ) for 16-bit timer and generic input/output address output (a 20 ) address output (a 20 ), tpc output (tp 7 ), input or output (tiocb 2 ) for 16-bit timer, and generic input/output tpc output (tp 7 ), 16-bit timer input or output (tiocb 2 ), and generic input/output pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 /a 21 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 /a 22 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 /a 23 tpc output (tp 6 to tp 4 ), 16-bit timer input and output (tioca 2 , tiocb 1 , tioca 1 ) , and generic input/output tpc output (tp 6 to tp 4 ),16-bit timer input and output (tioca 2 , tiocb 1 , tioca 1 ), address output (a 23 to a 21 ), and generic input/output tpc output (tp 6 to tp 4 ), 16-bit timer input and output (tioca 2 , tiocb 1 , tioca 1 ) and generic input/output pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc pa 1 /tp 1 / tclkb / tend 1 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka / tend 0 tpc output (tp 3 to tp 0 ), 16-bit timer input and output (tiocb 0 , tioca 0 , tclkd, tclkc, tclkb, tclka), 8-bit timer input (tclkd, tclkc, tclkb, tclka), output ( tend 1 , tend 0 ) from dma controller (dmac), and generic input/output port b 8-bit i/o port pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 pb 5 /tp 13 / sck 2 / lcas pb 4 /tp 12 / ucas tpc output (tp 15 to tp 12 ), sci2 input and output (sck 2 , rxd 2 , txd 2 ), dram interface output ( lcas , ucas ), and generic input/output tpc output (tp 15 to tp 12 ), sci2 input and output (sck 2 , rxd 2 , txd 2 ), and generic input/output pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 / cs 7 tpc output (tp 11 to tp 8 ), 8-bit timer input and output (tmio 3 , tmo 2 , tmio 1 , tmo 0 ), dmac input ( dreq 1 , dreq 0 ), cs 7 to cs 4 output, and generic input/output tpc output (tp 11 to tp 8 ), 8-bit timer input and output (tmio 3 , tmo 2 , tmio 1 , tmo 0 ), dmac input ( dreq 1 , dreq 0 ), and generic input/output 254 8.2 port 1 8.2.1 overview port 1 is an 8-bit input/output port also used for address output, with the pin configuration shown in figure 8.1. the pin functions differ between the expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled, expanded modes with on-chip rom enabled, and single-chip mode. in modes 1 to 4 (expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled), they are address bus output pins (a 7 to a 0 ). in modes 5 (expanded modes with on-chip rom enabled), settings in the port 1 data direction register (p1ddr) can designate pins for address bus output (a 7 to a 0 ) or generic input. in mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode), port 1 is a generic input/output port. when dram is connected to area 2, 3, 4, 5, a 7 to a 0 output row and column addresses in read and write cycles. for details see section 6.5, dram interface. pins in port 1 can drive one ttl load and a 90-pf capacitive load. they can also drive an led or a darlington transistor pair. port 1 p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a p1 /a 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 p1 (input/output) p1 (input/output) p1 (input/output) p1 (input/output) p1 (input/output) p1 (input/output) p1 (input/output) p1 (input/output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 port 1 pins mode 6 and 7 modes 1 to 4 p1 (input)/a (output) p1 (input)/a (output) p1 (input)/a (output) p1 (input)/a (output) p1 (input)/a (output) p1 (input)/a (output) p1 (input)/a (output) p1 (input)/a (output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 modes 5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 figure 8.1 port 1 pin configuration 255 8.2.2 register descriptions table 8.2 summarizes the registers of port 1. table 8.2 port 1 registers initial value address * name abbreviation r/w modes 1 to 4 modes 5 to 7 h'ee000 port 1 data direction register p1ddr w h'ff h'00 h'fffd0 port 1 data register p1dr r/w h'00 h'00 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port 1 data direction register (p1ddr): p1ddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port 1. bit modes 1 to 4 initial value read/write initial value read/write modes 5 to 7 7 p1 ddr 1 0 w 7 6 p1 ddr 1 0 w 6 5 p1 ddr 1 0 w 5 4 p1 ddr 1 0 w 4 3 p1 ddr 1 0 w 3 2 p1 ddr 1 0 w 2 1 p1 ddr 1 0 w 1 0 p1 ddr 1 0 w 0 port 1 data direction 7 to 0 these bits select input or output for port 1 pins modes 1 to 4 (expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled): p1ddr values are fixed at 1. port 1 functions as an address bus. modes 5 (expanded modes with on-chip rom enabled): after a reset, port 1 functions as an input port.a pin in port 1 becomes an address output pin if the corresponding p1ddr bit is set to 1, and a generic input pin if this bit is cleared to 0. mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode): port 1 functions as an input/output port. a pin in port 1 becomes an output port if the corresponding p1ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. 256 in modes 1 to 4, p1ddr bits are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. in modes 5 to 7, p1ddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. p1ddr is initialized to h'ff in modes 1 to 4, and to h'00 in modes 5 to 7, by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port 1 is functioning as an input/output port and a p1ddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. port 1 data register (p1dr): p1dr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores port 1 output data. when port 1 functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when this register is read, the pin logic level is read for bits for which the p1ddr setting is 0, and the p1dr value is read for bits for which the p1ddr setting is 1. bit initial value read/write 7 p1 0 r/w port 1 data 7 to 0 these bits store data for port 1 pins 7 6 p1 0 r/w 6 5 p1 0 r/w 5 4 p1 0 r/w 4 3 p1 0 r/w 3 2 p1 0 r/w 2 1 p1 0 r/w 1 0 p1 0 r/w 0 p1dr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 257 8.3 port 2 8.3.1 overview port 2 is an 8-bit input/output port with the pin configuration shown in figure 8.2. the pin functions differ according to the operating mode. in modes 1 to 4 (expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled), port 2 consists of address bus output pins (a 15 to a 8 ). in modes 5 (expanded modes with on-chip rom enabled), settings in the port 2 data direction register (p2ddr) can designate pins for address bus output (a 15 to a 8 ) or generic input. in mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode), port 2 is a generic input/output port. when dram is connected to areas 2 to 5, a 12 to a 8 output row and column addresses in read and write cycles. for details see section 6.5, dram interface. port 2 has software-programmable built-in pull-up transistors. pins in port 2 can drive one ttl load and a 90-pf capacitive load. they can also drive an led or a darlington transistor pair. port 2 p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a p2 /a 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 p2 (input/output) p2 (input/output) p2 (input/output) p2 (input/output) p2 (input/output) p2 (input/output) p2 (input/output) p2 (input/output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 port 2 pins mode 6 and 7 modes 1 to 4 p2 (input)/a (output) p2 (input)/a (output) p2 (input)/a (output) p2 (input)/a (output) p2 (input)/a (output) p2 (input)/a (output) p2 (input)/a (output) p2 (input)/a (output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 modes 5 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 figure 8.2 port 2 pin configuration 258 8.3.2 register descriptions table 8.3 summarizes the registers of port 2. table 8.3 port 2 registers initial value address * name abbreviation r/w modes 1 to 4 modes 5 to 7 h'ee001 port 2 data direction register p2ddr w h'ff h'00 h'fffd1 port 2 data register p2dr r/w h'00 h'00 h'ee03c port 2 input pull-up mos control register p2pcr r/w h'00 h'00 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port 2 data direction register (p2ddr): p2ddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port 2. bit modes 1 to 4 initial value read/write initial value read/write modes 5 to 7 7 p2 ddr 1 0 w 7 6 p2 ddr 1 0 w 6 5 p2 ddr 1 0 w 5 4 p2 ddr 1 0 w 4 3 p2 ddr 1 0 w 3 2 p2 ddr 1 0 w 2 1 p2 ddr 1 0 w 1 0 p2 ddr 1 0 w 0 port 2 data direction 7 to 0 these bits select input or output for port 2 pins modes 1 to 4 (expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled): p2ddr values are fixed at 1. port 2 functions as an address bus. modes 5 (expanded modes with on-chip rom enabled): following a reset, port 2 is an input port. a pin in port 2 becomes an address output pin if the corresponding p2ddr bit is set to 1, and a generic input port if this bit is cleared to 0. mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode): port 2 functions as an input/output port. a pin in port 2 becomes an output port if the corresponding p2ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. 259 in modes 1 to 4, p2ddr bits are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. in modes 5 to 7, p2ddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. p2ddr is initialized to h'ff in modes 1 to 4, and to h'00 in modes 5 to 7, by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port 2 is functioning as an input/output port and a p2ddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. port 2 data register (p2dr): p2dr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for port 2. when port 2 functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when a bit in p2ddr is set to 1, if port 2 is read the value of the corresponding p2dr bit is returned. when a bit in p2ddr is cleared to 0, if port 2 is read the corresponding pin logic level is read. bit initial value read/write 7 p2 0 r/w port 2 data 7 to 0 these bits store data for port 2 pins 7 6 p2 0 r/w 6 5 p2 0 r/w 5 4 p2 0 r/w 4 3 p2 0 r/w 3 2 p2 0 r/w 2 1 p2 0 r/w 1 0 p2 0 r/w 0 p2dr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. port 2 input pull-up mos control register (p2pcr): p2pcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the mos input pull-up transistors in port 2. bit initial value read/write 7 p2 pcr 0 r/w port 2 input pull-up mos control 7 to 0 these bits control input pull-up transistors built into port 2 7 6 p2 pcr 0 r/w 6 5 p2 pcr 0 r/w 5 4 p2 pcr 0 r/w 4 3 p2 pcr 0 r/w 3 2 p2 pcr 0 r/w 2 1 p2 pcr 0 r/w 1 0 p2 pcr 0 r/w 0 in modes 5 to 7, when a p2ddr bit is cleared to 0 (selecting generic input), if the corresponding bit in p2pcr is set to 1, the input pull-up transistor is turned on. p2pcr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 260 table 8.4 input pull-up transistor states (port 2) mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode other modes 1 2 3 4 off off off off 5 6 7 off off on/off on/off legend off: the input pull-up transistor is always off. on/off: the input pull-up transistor is on if p2pcr = 1 and p2ddr = 0. otherwise, it is off. 261 8.4 port 3 8.4.1 overview port 3 is an 8-bit input/output port with the pin configuration shown in figure 8.3. port 3 is a data bus in modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes) and a generic input/output port in mode 6, 7 (single-chip mode). pins in port 3 can drive one ttl load and a 90-pf capacitive load. they can also drive a darlington transistor pair. port 3 p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d p3 /d 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 p3 (input/output) p3 (input/output) p3 (input/output) p3 (input/output) p3 (input/output) p3 (input/output) p3 (input/output) p3 (input/output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 d (input/output) d (input/output) d (input/output) d (input/output) d (input/output) d (input/output) d (input/output) d (input/output) 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 port 3 pins mode 6 and 7 modes 1 to 5 figure 8.3 port 3 pin configuration 8.4.2 register descriptions table 8.5 summarizes the registers of port 3. table 8.5 port 3 registers address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee002 port 3 data direction register p3ddr w h'00 h'fffd2 port 3 data register p3dr r/w h'00 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. 262 port 3 data direction register (p3ddr): p3ddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port 3. bit initial value read/write 7 p3 ddr 0 w port 3 data direction 7 to 0 these bits select input or output for port 3 pins 7 6 p3 ddr 0 w 6 5 p3 ddr 0 w 5 4 p3 ddr 0 w 4 3 p3 ddr 0 w 3 2 p3 ddr 0 w 2 1 p3 ddr 0 w 1 0 p3 ddr 0 w 0 modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes): port 3 functions as a data bus, regardless of the p3ddr settings. mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode): port 3 functions as an input/output port. a pin in port 3 becomes an output port if the corresponding p3ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. p3ddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. p3ddr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port 3 is functioning as an input/output port and a p3ddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. port 3 data register (p3dr): p3dr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for port 3. when port 3 functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when a bit in p3ddr is set to 1, if port 3 is read the value of the corresponding p3dr bit is returned. when a bit in p3ddr is cleared to 0, if port 3 is read the corresponding pin logic level is read. bit initial value read/write 7 p3 0 r/w port 3 data 7 to 0 these bits store data for port 3 pins 7 6 p3 0 r/w 6 5 p3 0 r/w 5 4 p3 0 r/w 4 3 p3 0 r/w 3 2 p3 0 r/w 2 1 p3 0 r/w 1 0 p3 0 r/w 0 p3dr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 263 8.5 port 4 8.5.1 overview port 4 is an 8-bit input/output port with the pin configuration shown in figure 8.4. the pin functions differ depending on the operating mode. in modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes), when the bus width control register (abwcr) designates areas 0 to 7 all as 8-bit-access areas, the chip operates in 8-bit bus mode and port 4 is a generic input/output port. when at least one of areas 0 to 7 is designated as a 16-bit-access area, the chip operates in 16-bit bus mode and port 4 becomes part of the data bus. in mode 6, 7 (single-chip mode), port 4 is a generic input/output port. port 4 has software-programmable built-in pull-up transistors. pins in port 4 can drive one ttl load and a 90-pf capacitive load. they can also drive a darlington transistor pair. port 4 p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d p4 /d 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 p4 (input/output)/d 7 (input/output) p4 (input/output)/d 6 (input/output) p4 (input/output)/d 5 (input/output) p4 (input/output)/d 4 (input/output) p4 (input/output)/d 3 (input/output) p4 (input/output)/d 2 (input/output) p4 (input/output)/d 1 (input/output) p4 (input/output)/d 0 (input/output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 port 4 pins modes 1 to 5 p4 (input/output) p4 (input/output) p4 (input/output) p4 (input/output) p4 (input/output) p4 (input/output) p4 (input/output) p4 (input/output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 mode 6 and 7 figure 8.4 port 4 pin configuration 264 8.5.2 register descriptions table 8.6 summarizes the registers of port 4. table 8.6 port 4 registers address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee003 port 4 data direction register p4ddr w h'00 h'fffd3 port 4 data register p4dr r/w h'00 h'ee03e port 4 input pull-up control register p4pcr r/w h'00 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port 4 data direction register (p4ddr): p4ddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port 4. bit initial value read/write 7 p4 ddr 0 w port 4 data direction 7 to 0 these bits select input or output for port 4 pins 7 6 p4 ddr 0 w 6 5 p4 ddr 0 w 5 4 p4 ddr 0 w 4 3 p4 ddr 0 w 3 2 p4 ddr 0 w 2 1 p4 ddr 0 w 1 0 p4 ddr 0 w 0 modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes): when all areas are designated as 8-bit-access areas by the bus controller? bus width control register (abwcr), selecting 8-bit bus mode, port 4 functions as an input/output port. in this case, a pin in port 4 becomes an output port if the corresponding p4ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. when at least one area is designated as a 16-bit-access area, selecting 16-bit bus mode, port 4 functions as part of the data bus, regardless of the p4ddr settings. mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode): port 4 functions as an input/output port. a pin in port 4 becomes an output port if the corresponding p4ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. p4ddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. p4ddr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 265 abwcr and p4ddr are not initialized in software standby mode. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port 4 is functioning as an input/output port and a p4ddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. port 4 data register (p4dr): p4dr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for port 4. when port 4 functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when a bit in p4ddr is set to 1, if port 4 is read the value of the corresponding p4dr bit is returned. when a bit in p4ddr is cleared to 0, if port 4 is read the corresponding pin logic level is read. bit initial value read/write 7 p4 0 r/w port 4 data 7 to 0 these bits store data for port 4 pins 7 6 p4 0 r/w 6 5 p4 0 r/w 5 4 p4 0 r/w 4 3 p4 0 r/w 3 2 p4 0 r/w 2 1 p4 0 r/w 1 0 p4 0 r/w 0 p4dr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. port 4 input pull-up mos control register (p4pcr): p4pcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the mos input pull-up transistors in port 4. bit initial value read/write 7 p4 pcr 0 r/w port 4 input pull-up control 7 to 0 these bits control input pull-up transistors built into port 4 7 6 p4 pcr 0 r/w 6 5 p4 pcr 0 r/w 5 4 p4 pcr 0 r/w 4 3 p4 pcr 0 r/w 3 2 p4 pcr 0 r/w 2 1 p4 pcr 0 r/w 1 0 p4 pcr 0 r/w 0 in mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode), and in 8-bit bus mode in modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes), when a p4ddr bit is cleared to 0 (selecting generic input), if the corresponding p4pcr bit is set to 1, the input pull-up transistor is turned on. p4pcr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 266 table 8.7 summarizes the states of the input pull-ups in each operating mode. table 8.7 input pull-up transistor states (port 4) mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode other modes 1 to 5 8-bit bus mode off off on/off on/off 16-bit bus mode off off 6 and 7 on/off on/off legend off: the input pull-up transistor is always off. on/off: the input pull-up transistor is on if p4pcr = 1 and p4ddr = 0. otherwise, it is off. 267 8.6 port 5 8.6.1 overview port 5 is a 4-bit input/output port with the pin configuration shown in figure 8.5. the pin functions differ depending on the operating mode. in modes 1 to 4 (expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled), port 5 consists of address output pins (a 19 to a 16 ). in modes 5 (expanded modes with on-chip rom enabled), settings in the port 5 data direction register (p5ddr) designate pins for address bus output (a 19 to a 16 ) or generic input. in mode 6, 7 (single-chip mode), port 5 is a generic input/output port. port 5 has software-programmable built-in pull-up transistors. pins in port 5 can drive one ttl load and a 90-pf capacitive load. they can also drive an led or a darlington transistor pair. port 5 p5 /a p5 /a p5 /a p5 /a 3 2 1 0 19 18 17 16 a (output) a (output) a (output) a (output) 19 18 17 16 p5 (input)/a (output) p5 (input)/a (output) p5 (input)/a (output) p5 (input)/a (output) 3 2 1 0 port 5 pins modes 1 to 4 mode 5 p5 (input/output) p5 (input/output) p5 (input/output) p5 (input/output) 3 2 1 0 mode 6 and 7 19 18 17 16 figure 8.5 port 5 pin configuration 8.6.2 register descriptions table 8.8 summarizes the registers of port 5. table 8.8 port 5 registers initial value address * name abbreviation r/w modes 1 to 4 modes 5 to 7 h'ee004 port 5 data direction register p5ddr w h'ff h'f0 h'fffd4 port 5 data register p5dr r/w h'f0 h'f0 h'ee03f port 5 input pull-up control register p5pcr r/w h'f0 h'f0 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. 268 port 5 data direction register (p5ddr): p5ddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port 5. bits 7 to 4 are reserved. they are fixed at 1, and cannot be modified. bit modes 1 to 4 initial value read/write initial value read/write modes 5 to 7 7 1 1 6 1 1 5 1 1 4 1 1 3 p5 ddr 1 0 w 3 2 p5 ddr 1 0 w 2 1 p5 ddr 1 0 w 1 0 p5 ddr 1 0 w 0 reserved bits port 5 data direction 3 to 0 these bits select input or output for port 5 pins modes 1 to 4 (expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled): p5ddr values are fixed at 1. port 5 functions as an address bus. modes 5 (expanded modes with on-chip rom enabled): following a reset, port 5 is an input port. a pin in port 5 becomes an address output pin if the corresponding p5ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode): port 5 functions as an input/output port. a pin in port 5 becomes an output port if the corresponding p5ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. in modes 1 to 4, p5ddr bits are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. in modes 5 to 7, p5ddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. p5ddr is initialized to h'ff in modes 1 to 4, and to h'f0 in modes 5 to 7, by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port 5 is functioning as an input/output port and a p5ddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. 269 port 5 data register (p5dr): p5dr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for port 5. when port 5 functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when a bit in p5ddr is set to 1, if port 5 is read the value of the corresponding p5dr bit is returned. when a bit in p5ddr is cleared to 0, if port 5 is read the corresponding pin logic level is read. bits 7 to 4 are reserved. they are fixed at 1, and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 p5 0 r/w 3 2 p5 0 r/w 2 1 p5 0 r/w 1 0 p5 0 r/w 0 reserved bits these bits store data for port 5 pins port 5 data 3 to 0 p5dr is initialized to h'f0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. port 5 input pull-up mos control register (p5pcr): p5pcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the mos input pull-up transistors in port 5. bits 7 to 4 are reserved. they are fixed at 1, and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 p5 pcr 0 r/w 3 2 p5 pcr 0 r/w 2 1 p5 pcr 0 r/w 1 0 p5 pcr 0 r/w 0 reserved bits these bits control input pull-up transistors built into port 5 port 5 input pull-up control 3 to 0 in modes 5 to 7, when a p5ddr bit is cleared to 0 (selecting generic input), if the corresponding bit in p5pcr is set to 1, the input pull-up transistor is turned on. p5pcr is initialized to h'f0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. table 8.9 summarizes the states of the input pull-ups in each mode. 270 table 8.9 input pull-up transistor states (port 5) mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode other modes 1 2 3 4 off off off off 5 6 7 off off on/off on/off legend off: the input pull-up transistor is always off. on/off: the input pull-up transistor is on if p5pcr = 1 and p5ddr = 0. otherwise, it is off. 271 8.7 port 6 8.7.1 overview port 6 is an 8-bit input/output port that is also used for input and output of bus control signals ( lwr , hwr , rd , as , back , breq , wait ) and for clock ( f ) output. in modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes), the pin functions are p6 7 (generic input)/ f , lwr , hwr , rd , as , p6 2 / back , p6 1 / breq , and p6 0 / wait ). see table 8.11 for the selection of the pin functions. in modes 6 and 7 (single-chip modes), p6 7 functions as a generic input port or ? output, and p6 6 to p6 0 function as generic input/output ports. when dram is connected to areas 2 to 5, lwr , hwr , and rd also function as lcas , ucas , and we , respectively. for details see section 6.5, dram interface. pins in port 6 can drive one ttl load and a 90-pf capacitive load. they can also drive a darlington transistor pair. port 6 p6 / p6 / p6 / p6 / p6 / p6 / p6 / p6 / 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 f lwr hwr rd as back breq wait port 6 pins f lwr hwr rd as back breq wait modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes) (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) (output) (input) (input) p6 p6 p6 p6 p6 p6 p6 p6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode) (input) / f (output) (input/output) (input/output) (input/output) (input/output) (input/output) (input/output) (input/output) p6 7 (input)/ p6 2 (input/output)/ p6 1 (input/output)/ p6 0 (input/output)/ figure 8.6 port 6 pin configuration 272 8.7.2 register descriptions table 8.10 summarizes the registers of port 6. table 8.10 port 6 registers address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee005 port 6 data direction register p6ddr w h'80 h'fffd5 port 6 data register p6dr r/w h'80 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port 6 data direction register (p6ddr): p6ddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port 6. bit 7 is reserved. it is fixed at 1, and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 p6 ddr 0 w 6 5 p6 ddr 0 w 5 4 p6 ddr 0 w 4 3 p6 ddr 0 w 3 2 p6 ddr 0 w 2 1 p6 ddr 0 w 1 0 p6 ddr 0 w 0 port 6 data direction 6 to 0 these bits select input or output for port 6 pins reserved bit modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes): p6 7 functions as the clock output pin ( f ) or an input port. p6 7 is the clock output pin (?) if the pstop bit in mstrch is cleared to 0 (initial value), and an input port if this bit is set to 1. p6 6 to p6 3 function as bus control output pins ( lwr , hwr , rd , and as ), regardless of the settings of bits p6 6 ddr to p6 3 ddr. p6 2 to p6 0 function as bus control input/output pins ( back , breq , and wait ) or input/output ports. for the method of selecting the pin functions, see table 8.11. when p6 2 to p6 0 function as input/output ports, the pin becomes an output port if the corresponding p6ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode): p6 7 functions as the clock output pin ( f ) or an input port. p6 6 to p6 0 function as generic input/output ports. p6 7 is the clock output pin ( f ) if the pstop bit in mstcrh is cleared to 0 (initial value), and an input port if this bit is set to 1. a pin in port 6 becomes an output port if the corresponding bit of p6 6 ddr to p6 0 ddr is set to 1, and an input port if this pin is cleared to 0. 273 p6ddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. p6ddr is initialized to h'80 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port 6 is functioning as an input/output port and a p6ddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. port 6 data register (p6dr): p6dr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for port 6. when port 6 functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. for bit 7, a value of 1 is returned if the bit is read while the pstop bit in mstcrh is cleared to 0, and the p6 7 pin logic level is returned if the bit is read while the pstop bit is set to 1. bit 7 cannot be modified. for bits 6 to 0, the pin logic level is returned if the bit is read while the corresponding bit in p6ddr is cleared to 0, and the p6dr value is returned if the bit is read while the corresponding bit in p6ddr is set to 1. bit initial value read/write 7 p6 7 1 r 6 p6 0 r/w 6 5 p6 0 r/w 5 4 p6 0 r/w 4 3 p6 0 r/w 3 2 p6 0 r/w 2 1 p6 0 r/w 1 0 p6 0 r/w 0 port 6 data 7 to 0 these bits store data for port 6 pins p6dr is initialized to h'80 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 274 table 8.11 port 6 pin functions in modes 1 to 5 pin pin functions and selection method p6 7 / f bit pstop in mstcrh selects the pin function. pstop 0 1 pin function f output p6 7 input lwr functions as lwr regardless of the setting of bit p6 6 ddr p6 6 ddr 0 1 pin function lwr output * note: * if any of bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra is 1 and bit csel in drcrb is 1, lwr output functions as lcas . hwr functions as hwr regardless of the setting of bit p6 5 ddr p6 5 ddr 0 1 pin function hwr output * note: * if any of bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra is 1 and bit csel in drcrb is 1, hwr output functions as ucas . rd functions as rd regardless of the setting of bit p6 4 ddr p6 4 ddr 0 1 pin function rd output * note: * if any of bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra is 1, rd output functions as we . as functions as as regardless of the setting of bit p6 3 ddr p6 3 ddr 0 1 pin function as output p6 2 / back bit brle in brcr and bit p6 2 ddr select the pin function as follows brle 0 1 p6 2 ddr 0 1 pin function p6 2 input p6 2 output back output p6 1 / breq bit brle in brcr and bit p6 1 ddr select the pin function as follows brle 0 1 p6 1 ddr 0 1 pin function p6 1 input p6 1 output breq input p6 0 / wait bit waite in bcr and bit p6 0 ddr select the pin function as follows. waite 0 1 p6 0 ddr 0 1 0 * pin function p6 0 input p6 0 output wait input note: * do not set bit p6 0 ddr to 1. 275 8.8 port 7 8.8.1 overview port 7 is an 8-bit input port that is also used for analog input to the a/d converter and analog output from the d/a converter. the pin functions are the same in all operating modes. figure 8.7 shows the pin configuration of port 7. see section 15, a/d converter, for details of the a/d converter analog input pins, and section 16, d/a converter, for details of the d/a converter analog output pins. port 7 p7 (input)/an (input)/da (output) p7 (input)/an (input)/da (output) p7 (input)/an (input) p7 (input)/an (input) p7 (input)/an (input) p7 (input)/an (input) p7 (input)/an (input) p7 (input)/an (input) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 port 7 pins 1 0 figure 8.7 port 7 pin configuration 276 8.8.2 register description table 8.12 summarizes the port 7 register. port 7 is an input port, and port 7 has no data direction register. table 8.12 port 7 data register address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'fffd6 port 7 data register p7dr r undetermined note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port 7 data register (p7dr) bit initial value read/write 0 p7 * r note: * determined by pins p7 7 to p7 0 . 0 1 p7 * r 1 2 p7 * r 2 3 p7 * r 3 4 p7 * r 4 5 p7 * r 5 6 p7 * r 6 7 p7 * r 7 when port 7 is read, the pin logic levels are always read. p7dr cannot be modified. 277 8.9 port 8 8.9.1 overview port 8 is a 5-bit input/output port that is also used for cs 3 to cs 0 output, rfsh output, irq 3 to irq 0 input, and a/d converter adtrg input. figure 8.8 shows the pin configuration of port 8. in modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes), port 8 can provide cs 3 to cs 0 output, rfsh output, irq 3 to irq 0 input, and adtrg input. see table 8.14 for the selection of pin functions in expanded modes. in modes 6 and 7 (single-chip modes), port 8 can provide irq 3 to irq 0 input and adtrg input. see table 8.15 for the selection of pin functions in single-chip mode. see section 15, a/d converter, for a description of the a/d converter's adtrg input pin. the irq 3 to irq 0 functions are selected by ier settings, regardless of whether the pin is used for input or output. caution is therefore required. for details see section 5.3.1, external interrupts. when dram is connected to areas 2 to 5, the cs 3 and cs 2 output pins function as ras output pins for each area. for details see section 6.5, dram interface. pins in port 8 can drive one ttl load and a 90-pf capacitive load. they can also drive a darlington transistor pair. pins p8 2 to p8 0 have schmitt-trigger inputs. 278 port 8 p8 / p8 / / p8 / / p8 / / p8 / / 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 port 8 pins cs cs cs cs rfsh 3 2 1 irq / adtrg irq irq irq 0 p8 (input)/ (output) p8 (input)/ (output)/ (input) / adtrg (input) p8 (input)/ (output)/ (input) p8 (input/output)/ cs 3 (output)/irq 1 (input) p8 (input/output)/ (output)/ (input) 4 3 2 1 0 pin functions in modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes) 0 1 2 cs cs cs rfsh 3 2 irq irq irq 0 p8 /(input/output) p8 /(input/output)/ (input) / p8 /(input/output)/ (input) p8 /(input/output)/ (input) p8 /(input/output)/ (input) 4 3 2 1 0 pin functions in mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode) irq irq irq irq adtrg (input) 3 2 1 0 figure 8.8 port 8 pin configuration 279 8.9.2 register descriptions table 8.13 summarizes the registers of port 8. table 8.13 port 8 registers initial value address * name abbreviation r/w mode 1 to 4 mode 5 to 7 h'ee007 port 8 data direction register p8ddr w h'f0 h'e0 h'fffd7 port 8 data register p8dr r/w h'e0 h'e0 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port 8 data direction register (p8ddr): p8ddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port 8. bits 7 to 5 are reserved. they are fixed at 1, and cannot be modified. 7 1 1 6 1 1 5 1 1 4 p8 ddr 1 w 0 w 4 3 p8 ddr 0 w 0 w 3 2 p8 ddr 0 w 0 w 2 1 p8 ddr 0 w 0 w 1 0 p8 ddr 0 w 0 w 0 reserved bits port 8 data direction 4 to 0 these bits select input or output for port 8 pins bit modes 1 to 4 initial value read/write initial value read/write modes 5 to 7 modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes): when bits in p8ddr bit are set to 1, p8 4 to p8 1 become cs 0 to cs 3 output pins. when bits in p8ddr are cleared to 0, the corresponding pins become input ports. however, p8 1 can also be used as an output port, depending on the setting of bits dras2 to dras0 in dram control register a (drcra). for details see section 6.5.2, dram space and ras output pin settings. in modes 1 to 4 (expanded modes with on-chip rom disabled), following a reset p8 4 functions as the cs 0 output, while cs 1 to cs 3 are input ports. in mode 5 (expanded mode with on-chip rom enabled), following a reset cs 0 to cs 3 are all input ports. when the refresh enable bit (rfshe) in drcra is set to 1, p8 0 is used for rfsh output. when rfshe is cleared to 0, p8 0 becomes an input/output port according to the p8ddr setting. for details see table 8.14. 280 mode 6 and 7 (single-chip mode): port 8 is a generic input/output port. a pin in port 8 becomes an output port if the corresponding p8ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. p8ddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. p8ddr is initialized to h'f0 in modes 1 to 4, and to h'e0 in modes 5 to 7, by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode p8ddr retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port 8 is functioning as an input/output port and a p8ddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. port 8 data register (p8dr): p8dr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for port 8. when port 8 functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when a bit in p8ddr is set to 1, if port 8 is read the value of the corresponding p8dr bit is returned. when a bit in p8ddr is cleared to 0, if port 8 is read the corresponding pin logic level is read. bits 7 to 5 are reserved. they are fixed at 1, and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 p8 0 r/w 4 3 p8 0 r/w 3 2 p8 0 r/w 2 1 p8 0 r/w 1 0 p8 0 r/w 0 reserved bits port 8 data 4 to 0 these bits store data for port 8 pins p8dr is initialized to h'e0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 281 table 8.14 port 8 pin functions in modes 1 to 5 pin pin functions and selection method p8 4 / cs 0 bit p8 4 ddr selects the pin function as follows p8 4 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 4 input cs 0 output p8 3 / cs 1 / irq 3 / adtrg bit p8 3 ddr selects the pin function as follows p8 3 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 3 input cs 1 output irq 3 input adtrg input p8 2 / cs 2 / irq 2 the dram interface settings by bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra, and bit p8 2 ddr, select the pin function as follows. dram interface settings (1) in table below |(2) in table below p8 2 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 2 input cs 2 output cs 2 output * irq 3 input note: * cs 2 is output as ras 2 . dram interface setting (1) (2) dras2 0 1 dras1 0101 dras0 01010101 p8 1 / cs 3 / irq 1 the dram interface settings by bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra, and bit p8 1 ddr, select the pin function as follows. dram interface settings (1) in table below (2) in table below (3) in table below p8 1 ddr 0 1 0 1 pin function p8 1 input pin cs 3 output pin p8 1 input pin p8 1 output pin cs 3 output pin * irq 1 input pin note: * cs 3 is output as ras 3 . dram interface setting (1) (3) (2) (3) (2) dras2 0 1 dras1 0101 dras0 01010101 p8 0 / rfsh / irq 0 bit rfshe in drcra and bit p8 0 ddr select the pin function as follows. rfshe 0 1 * p8 0 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 0 input p8 0 output rfsh output irq 0 input note: * if areas 2 to 5 are not designated as dram space, this bit should not be set to 1. 282 table 8.15 port 8 pin functions in mode 6 and 7 pin pin functions and selection method p8 4 bit p8 4 ddr selects the pin function as follows p8 4 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 4 input p8 4 output p8 3 / irq 3 / adtrg bit p8 3 ddr selects the pin function as follows p8 3 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 3 input p8 3 output irq 3 input adtrg input p8 2 / irq 2 bit p8 2 ddr selects the pin function as follows p8 2 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 2 input p8 2 output irq 2 input p8 1 / irq 1 bit p8 1 ddr selects the pin function as follows p8 1 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 1 input p8 1 output irq 1 input p8 0 / irq 0 bit p8 0 ddr select the pin function as follows p8 0 ddr 0 1 pin function p8 0 input p8 0 output irq 0 input 283 8.10 port 9 8.10.1 overview port 9 is a 6-bit input/output port that is also used for input and output (txd 0 , txd 1 , rxd 0 , rxd 1 , sck 0 , sck 1 ) by serial communication interface channels 0 and 1 (sci0 and sci1), and for irq 5 and irq 4 input. see table 8.17 for the selection of pin functions. the irq 5 and irq 4 functions are selected by ier settings, regardless of whether the pin is used for input or output. caution is therefore required. for details see section 5.3.1, external interrupts. port 9 has the same set of pin functions in all operating modes. figure 8.9 shows the pin configuration of port 9. pins in port 9 can drive one ttl load and a 30-pf capacitive load. they can also drive a darlington transistor pair. port 9 p9 (input/output)/sck p9 (input/output)/sck p9 (input/output)/rxd (input) p9 (input/output)/rxd (input) p9 (input/output)/txd (output) p9 (input/output)/txd (output) 5 4 3 2 1 0 port 9 pins 1 0 (input/output)/irq (input) (input/output)/irq (input) 5 4 1 0 1 0 figure 8.9 port 9 pin configuration 284 8.10.2 register descriptions table 8.16 summarizes the registers of port 9. table 8.16 port 9 registers address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee008 port 9 data direction register p9ddr w h'c0 h'fffd8 port 9 data register p9dr r/w h'c0 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port 9 data direction register (p9ddr): p9ddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port 9. bits 7 and 6 are reserved. they are fixed at 1, and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 p9 ddr 0 w 5 4 p9 ddr 0 w 4 3 p9 ddr 0 w 3 2 p9 ddr 0 w 2 1 p9 ddr 0 w 1 0 p9 ddr 0 w 0 reserved bits port 9 data direction 5 to 0 these bits select input or output for port 9 pins when port 9 functions as an input/output port, a pin in port 9 becomes an output port if the corresponding p9ddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. for the method of selecting the pin functions, see table 8.17. p9ddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. p9ddr is initialized to h'c0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port 9 is functioning as an input/output port and a p9ddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. 285 port 9 data register (p9dr): p9dr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for port 9. when port 9 functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when a bit in p9ddr is set to 1, if port 9 is read the value of the corresponding p9dr bit is returned. when a bit in p9ddr is cleared to 0, if port 9 is read the corresponding pin logic level is read. bits 7 and 6 are reserved. they are fixed at 1, and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 p9 0 r/w 4 p9 0 r/w 4 3 p9 0 r/w 3 2 p9 0 r/w 2 1 p9 0 r/w 1 0 p9 0 r/w 0 reserved bits port 9 data 5 to 0 these bits store data for port 9 pins 5 p9dr is initialized to h'c0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 286 table 8.17 port 9 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p9 5 /sck 1 / irq 5 bit c/ a in smr of sci1, bits cke0 and cke1 in scr, and bit p9 5 ddr select the pin function as follows cke1 0 1 c/ a 01 cke0 0 1 p9 5 ddr 0 1 pin function p9 5 input p9 5 output sck 1 output sck 1 output sck 1 input irq 5 input p9 4 /sck 0 / irq 4 bit c/ a in smr of sci0, bits cke0 and cke1 in scr, and bit p9 4 ddr select the pin function as follows cke1 0 1 c/ a 01 cke0 0 1 p9 4 ddr 0 1 pin function p9 4 input p9 4 output sck 0 output sck 0 output sck 0 input irq 4 input p9 3 /rxd 1 bit re in scr of sci1, bit smif in scmr, and bit p9 3 ddr select the pin function as follows. smif 0 1 re 0 1 p9 3 ddr 0 pin function p9 3 input p9 3 output rxd 1 input rxd 1 input p9 2 /rxd 0 bit re in scr of sci0, bit smif in scmr, and bit p9 2 ddr select the pin function as follows smif 0 1 re 0 1 p9 2 ddr 0 1 pin function p9 2 input p9 2 output rxd 0 input rxd 0 input 287 pin pin functions and selection method p9 1 /txd 1 bit te in scr of sci1, bit smif in scmr, and bit p9 1 ddr select the pin function as follows. smif 0 1 te 0 1 p9 1 ddr 0 1 pin function p9 1 input p9 1 output txd 1 output txd 1 output * note: * functions as the txd 1 output pin, but there are two states: one in which the pin is driven, and another in which the pin is at high-impedance. p9 0 /txd 0 bit te in scr of sci0, bit smif in scmr, and bit p9 0 ddr select the pin function as follows. smif 0 1 te 0 1 p9 0 ddr 0 1 pin function p9 0 input p9 0 output txd 0 output txd 0 output * note: * functions as the txd 0 output pin, but there are two states: one in which the pin is driven, and another in which the pin is at highimpedance. 288 8.11 port a 8.11.1 overview port a is an 8-bit input/output port that is also used for output (tp 7 to tp 0 ) from the programmable timing pattern controller (tpc), input and output, (tiocb 2 , tioca 2 , tiocb 1 , tioca 1 , tiocb 0 , tioca 0 , tclkd, tclkc, tclkb, tclka) by the 16-bit timer, input (tclkd, tclkc, tclkb, tclka) to the 8-bit timer, output ( tend 1 , tend 0 ) from the dma controller (dmac), and address output (a 23 to a 20 ). a reset or hardware standby transition leaves port a as an input port, except that in modes 3 and 4, one pin is always used for a 20 output. see table 8.19 to 8.21 for the selection of pin functions. usage of pins for tpc, 16-bit timer, 8-bit timer, and dmac input and output is described in the sections on those modules. for output of address bits a 23 to a 20 in modes 3, 4, and 5, see section 6.2.4, bus release control register (brcr). pins not assigned to any of these functions are available for generic input/output. figure 8.10 shows the pin configuration of port a. pins in port a can drive one ttl load and a 30-pf capacitive load. they can also drive a darlington transistor pair. port a has schmitt-trigger inputs. 289 port a pa /tp /tiocb /a pa /tp /tioca /a 21 pa /tp /tiocb /a 22 pa /tp /tioca /a 23 pa /tp /tiocb /tclkd pa /tp /tioca /tclkc pa /tp / tend /tclkb pa /tp / tend /tclka 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 port a pins 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tiocb (input/output) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tioca (input/output) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tiocb (input/output) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tioca (input/output) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 pin functions in modes 1, 2, 6, and 7 pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tiocb (input/output)/tclkd (input) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tioca (input/output)/tclkc (input) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/ tend (output)/tclkb (input) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/ tend (output)/tclka (input) pin functions in mode 5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 a (output) 20 pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tioca (input/output)/a (output) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tiocb (input/output)/a (output) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tioca (input/output)/a (output) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 pin functions in modes 3, 4 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 pa (input/output)/tp (output)/ tend (output)/tclka (input) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tiocb (input/output)/tclkd (input) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/tioca (input/output)/tclkc (input) pa (input/output)/tp (output)/ tend (output)/tclkb (input) pa 7 (input/output)/tp 7 (output)/tiocb 2 (input/output)/a (output) pa 6 (input/output)/tp 6 (output)/tioca 2 (input/output)/a (output) pa 5 (input/output)/tp 5 (output)/tiocb 1 (input/output)/a (output) pa 4 (input/output)/tp 4 (output)/tioca 1 (input/output)/a (output) pa 3 (input/output)/tp 3 (output)/tiocb 0 (input/output)/tclkd (input) pa 2 (input/output)/tp 2 (output)/tioca 0 (input/output)/tclkc (input) pa 1 (input/output)/tp 1 (output)/ tend 1 (output)/tclkb (input) pa 0 (input/output)/tp 0 (output)/ tend 0 (output)/tclka (input) 1 0 20 21 22 23 20 21 22 23 figure 8.10 port a pin configuration 290 8.11.2 register descriptions table 8.18 summarizes the registers of port a. table 8.18 port a registers initial value address * name r/w modes 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 modes 3, 4 h'ee009 port a data direction register paddr w h'00 h'80 h'fffd9 port a data register padr r/w h'00 h'00 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port a data direction register (paddr): paddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port a. when pins are used for tpc output, the corresponding paddr bits must also be set. 7 pa ddr 1 0 w port a data direction 7 to 0 these bits select input or output for port a pins 7 6 pa ddr 0 w 0 w 6 5 pa ddr 0 w 0 w 5 4 pa ddr 0 w 0 w 4 3 pa ddr 0 w 0 w 3 2 pa ddr 0 w 0 w 2 1 pa ddr 0 w 0 w 1 0 pa ddr 0 w 0 w 0 bit modes 3, 4 initial value read/write initial value read/write modes 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7 the pin functions that can be selected for pins pa 7 to pa 4 differ between modes 1, 2, 6, and 7, and modes 3 to 5. for the method of selecting the pin functions, see tables 8.19 and 8.20. the pin functions that can be selected for pins pa 3 to pa 0 are the same in modes 1 to 7. for the method of selecting the pin functions, see table 8.21. when port a functions as an input/output port, a pin in port a becomes an output port if the corresponding paddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. in modes 3 and 4, pa 7 ddr is fixed at 1 and pa 7 functions as the a 20 address output pin. paddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. paddr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode in modes 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7. it is initialized to h'80 by a reset and in hardware standby mode in modes 3 and 4. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby 291 mode while port a is functioning as an input/output port and a paddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. port a data register (padr): padr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for port a. when port a functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when a bit in paddr is set to 1, if port a is read the value of the corresponding padr bit is returned. when a bit in paddr is cleared to 0, if port a is read the corresponding pin logic level is read. bit initial value read/write 0 pa 0 r/w 0 1 pa 0 r/w 1 2 pa 0 r/w 2 3 pa 0 r/w 3 4 pa 0 r/w 4 5 pa 0 r/w 5 6 pa 0 r/w 6 7 pa 0 r/w 7 port a data 7 to 0 these bits store data for port a pins padr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. table 8.19 port a pin functions (modes 1, 2, 6, 7) pin pin functions and selection method pa 7 /tp 7 / tiocb 2 bit pwm2 in tmdr, bits iob2 to iob0 in tior2, bit nder7 in ndera, and bit pa 7 ddr select the pin function as follows. 16-bit timer channel 2 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 7 ddr 0 1 1 nder7 0 1 pin function tiocb 2 output pa 7 input pa 7 output tp 7 output tiocb 2 input * note: * tiocb 2 input when iob2 = 1 and pwm2 = 0. 16-bit timer channel 2 settings (2) (1) (2) iob2 0 1 iob1 0 0 1 iob0 0 1 292 pin pin functions and selection method pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 bit pwm2 in tmdr, bits ioa2 to ioa0 in tior2, bit nder6 in ndera, and bit pa 6 ddr select the pin function as follows. 16-bit timer channel 2 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 6 ddr 0 1 1 nder6 0 1 pin function tioca 2 output pa 6 input pa 6 output tp 6 output tioca 2 input * note: * tioca 2 input when ioa2 = 1. 16-bit timer channel 2 settings (2) (1) (2) (1) pwm2 0 1 ioa2 0 1 ioa1 0 0 1 ioa0 0 1 pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 bit pwm1 in tmdr, bits iob2 to iob0 in tior1, bit nder5 in ndera, and bit pa 5 ddr select the pin function as follows. 16-bit timer channel 1 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 5 ddr 0 1 1 nder5 0 1 pin function tiocb 1 output pa 5 input pa 5 output tp 5 output tiocb 1 input * note: * tiocb 1 input when iob2 = 1 and pwm1 = 0. 16-bit timer channel 1 settings (2) (1) (2) iob2 0 1 iob1 0 0 1 iob0 0 1 293 pin pin functions and selection method pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 bit pwm1 in tmdr, bits ioa2 to ioa0 in tior1, bit nder4 in ndera, and bit pa 4 ddr select the pin function as follows. 16-bit timer channel 1 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 4 ddr 0 1 1 nder4 0 1 pin function tioca 1 output pa 4 input pa 4 output tp 4 output tioca 1 input * note: * tioca 1 input when ioa2 = 1. 16-bit timer channel 1 settings (2) (1) (2) (1) pwm1 0 1 ioa2 0 1 ioa1 0 0 1 ioa0 0 1 294 table 8.20 port a pin functions (modes 3, 4, 5) pin pin functions and selection method pa 7 /tp 7 / modes 3 and 4: always used as a 20 output. tiocb 2 / a 20 pin function a 20 output mode 5: bit pwm2 in tmdr, bits iob2 to iob0 in tior2, bit nder7 in ndera, bit a20e in brcr, and bit pa 7 ddr select the pin function as follows. a20e 1 0 16-bit timer channel 2 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 7 ddr 0 1 1 nder7 0 1 pin function tiocb 2 output pa 7 input pa 7 output tp 7 output a 20 output tiocb 2 input * note: * tiocb 2 input when iob2 = 1 and pwm2 = 0. 16-bit timer channel 2 settings (2) (1) (2) iob2 0 1 iob1 0 0 1 iob0 0 1 pa 6 /tp 6 / tioca 2 /a 21 bit pwm2 in tmdr, bits ioa2 to ioa0 in tior2, bit nder6 in ndera, bit a21e in brcr, and bit pa 6 ddr select the pin function as follows. a21e 1 0 16-bit timer channel 2 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 6 ddr 0 1 1 nder6 0 1 pin function tioca 2 output pa 6 input pa 6 output tp 6 output a 21 output tioca 2 input * note: * tioca 2 input when ioa2 = 1. 16-bit timer channel 2 settings (2) (1) (2) (1) pwm2 0 1 ioa2 0 1 ioa1 0 0 1 ioa0 0 1 295 pin pin functions and selection method pa 5 /tp 5 / tiocb 1 /a 22 bit pwm1 in tmdr, bits iob2 to iob0 in tior1, bit nder5 in ndera, bit a22e in brcr, and bit pa 5 ddr select the pin function as follows. a22e 1 0 16-bit timer channel 1 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 5 ddr 0 1 1 nder5 0 1 pin function tiocb 1 output pa 5 input pa 5 output tp 5 output a 22 output tiocb 1 input * note: * tiocb 1 input when iob2 = 1 and pwm1 = 0. 16-bit timer channel 1 settings (2) (1) (2) iob2 0 1 iob1 0 0 1 iob0 0 1 pa 4 /tp 4 / tioca 1 /a 23 bit pwm1 in tmdr, bits ioa2 to ioa0 in tior1, bit nder4 in ndera, bit a23e in brcr, and bit pa 4 ddr select the pin function as follows. a23e 1 0 16-bit timer channel 1 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 4 ddr 0 1 1 nder4 0 1 pin function tioca 1 output pa 4 input pa 4 output tp 4 output a 23 output tioca 1 input * note: * tioca 1 input when ioa2 = 1. 16-bit timer channel 1 settings (2) (1) (2) (1) pwm1 0 1 ioa2 0 1 ioa1 0 0 1 ioa0 0 1 296 table 8.21 port a pin functions (modes 1 to 7) pin pin functions and selection method pa 3 /tp 3 / tiocb 0 / tclkd bit pwm0 in tmdr, bits iob2 to iob0 in tior0, bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr2 to 16tcr0 of the 16-bit timer, bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr2 of the 8-bit timer, bit nder3 in ndera, and bit pa 3 ddr select the pin function as follows. 16-bit timer channel 0 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 3 ddr 0 1 1 nder3 0 1 pin function tiocb 0 output pa 3 input pa 3 output tp 3 output tiocb 0 input * 1 tclkd input * 2 notes: * 1 tiocb 0 input when iob2 = 1 and pwm0 = 0. * 2 tclkd input when tpsc2 = tpsc1 = tpsc0 = 1 in any of 16tcr2 to 16tcr0, or bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr2 are as shown in (3) in the table below. 16-bit timer channel 0 settings (2) (1) (2) iob2 0 1 iob1 0 0 1 iob0 0 1 8-bit timer channel 2 settings (4) (3) cks2 0 1 cks1 0 1 cks0 0 1 297 pin pin functions and selection method pa 2 /tp 2 / tioca 0 / tclkc bit pwm0 in tmdr, bits ioa2 to ioa0 in tior0, bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr2 to 16tcr0 of the 16-bit timer, bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr0 of the 8-bit timer, bit nder2 in ndera, and bit pa 2 ddr select the pin function as follows. 16-bit timer channel 0 settings (1) in table below (2) in table below pa 2 ddr 0 1 1 nder2 0 1 pin function tioca 0 output pa 2 input pa 2 output tp 2 output tioca 0 input * 1 tclkc input * 2 notes: * 1 tioca 0 input when ioa2 = 1. * 2 tclkc input when tpsc2 = tpsc1 = 1 and tpsc0 = 0 in any of 16tcr2 to 16tcr0, or bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr0 are as shown in (3) in the table below. 16-bit timer channel 0 settings (2) (1) (2) (1) pwm0 0 1 ioa2 0 1 ioa1 0 0 1 ioa0 0 1 8-bit timer channel 0 settings (4) (3) cks2 0 1 cks1 0 1 cks0 0 1 298 pin pin functions and selection method pa 1 /tp 1 / tclkb/ tend 1 bit mdf in tmdr, bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr2 to 16tcr0 of the 16-bit timer, bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr3 of the 8-bit timer, bit nder1 in ndera, and bit pa 1 ddr select the pin function as follows. pa 1 ddr 0 1 1 nder1 0 1 pin function pa 1 input pa 1 output tp 1 output tclkb output * 1 tend 1 output * 2 notes: * 1 tclkb input when mdf = 1 in tmdr, or tpsc2 = 1, tpsc1 = 0, and tpsc0 = 1 in any of 16tcr2 to 16tcr0, or bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr3 are as shown in (1) in the table below. * 2 when an external request is specified as a dmac activation source, tend 1 output regardless of bits pa 1 ddr and nder1. 8-bit timer channel 3 settings (2) (1) cks2 0 1 cks1 0 1 cks0 0 1 pa 0 /tp 0 / tclka/ tend 0 bit mdf in tmdr, bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr2 to 16tcr0 of the 16-bit timer, bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr1 of the 8-bit timer, bit nder0 in ndera, and bit pa 0 ddr select the pin function as follows. pa 0 ddr 0 1 nder0 0 1 pin function pa 0 input pa 0 output tp 0 output tclka output * 1 tend 0 output * 2 notes: * 1 tclka input when mdf = 1 in tmdr, or tpsc2 = 1, tpsc1 = 0 and tpsc0 = 0 in any of 16tcr2 to 16tcr0, or bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr0 are as shown in (1) in the table below. * 2 when an external request is specified as a dmac activation source, tend 0 output regardless of bits pa 0 ddr and nder0. 8-bit timer channel 1 settings (2) (1) cks2 0 1 cks1 0 1 cks0 0 1 299 8.12 port b 8.12.1 overview port b is an 8-bit input/output port that is also used for output (tp 15 to tp 8 ) from the programmable timing pattern controller (tpc), input/output (tmio 3 , tmo 2 , tmio 1 , tmo 0 ) by the 8-bit timer, cs 7 to cs 4 output, input ( dreq 1 , dreq 0 ) to the dma controller (dmac), input and output (txd 2 , rxd 2 , sck 2 ) by serial communication interface channel 2 (sci2), and output ( ucas , lcas ) by the dram interface. see table 8.23 to 8.24 for the selection of pin functions. a reset or hardware standby transition leaves port b as an input port. for output of cs 7 to cs 4 in modes 1 to 5, see section 6.3.4, chip select signals. when dram is connected to areas 2, 3, 4, and 5, the cs 4 and cs 5 output pins become ras output pins for these areas. for details see section 6.5, dram interface. pins not assigned to any of these functions are available for generic input/output. figure 8.11 shows the pin configuration of port b. when dram is connected to areas 2, 3, 4, and 5, the cs 4 and cs 5 output pins become ras output pins for these areas. for details see 6.5, dram interface. pins in port b can drive one ttl load and a 30-pf capacitive load. they can also drive darlington transistor pair. 300 port b pb 7 /tp /rxd 2 15 pb 6 /tp /txd 2 14 pb 5 /tp /sck 2 / lcas 13 pb 4 /tp / ucas 12 pb 3 /tp /tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 11 pb 2 /tp /tmo 2 / cs 5 10 pb 1 /tp /tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 9 pb 0 /tp /tmo 0 / cs 7 8 port b pins pb 7 (input/output)/tp 15 (output) /rxd 2 (input) pb 6 (input/output)/tp 14 (output) /txd 2 (output) pb 5 (input/output)/tp 13 (output) /sck 2 (input/output) / lcas (output) pb 4 (input/output)/tp 12 (output) / ucas (output) pb 3 (input/output)/tp 11 (output) /tmio 3 (input/output) / dreq 1 (input) cs 4 (output) pb 2 (input/output)/tp 10 (output) /tmo 2 (output) / cs 5 (output) pb 1 (input/output)/tp 9 (output) /tmio 1 (input/output) / dreq 0 (input) / cs 6 (output) pb 0 (input/output)/tp 8 (output) /tmo 0 (output) / cs 7 (output) pin functions in modes 1 to 5 pb 7 (input/output)/tp 15 (output) /rxd 2 (input) pb 6 (input/output)/tp 14 (output) /txd 2 (output) pb 5 (input/output)/tp 13 (output) /sck 2 (input/output) pb 4 (input/output)/tp 12 (output) pb 3 (input/output)/tp 11 (output) /tmio 3 (input/output) / dreq 1 (input) pb 2 (input/output)/tp 10 (output) /tmo 2 (output) pb 1 (input/output)/tp 9 (output) /tmio 1 (input/output) / dreq 0 (input) pb 0 (input/output)/tp 8 (output) /tmo 0 (output) pin functions in mode 6 and 7 figure 8.11 port b pin configuration 301 8.12.2 register descriptions table 8.22 summarizes the registers of port b. table 8.22 port b registers address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee00a port b data direction register pbddr w h'00 h'fffda port b data register pbdr r/w h'00 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. port b data direction register (pbddr): pbddr is an 8-bit write-only register that can select input or output for each pin in port b. when pins are used for tpc output, the corresponding pbddr bits must also be set. bit initial value read/write 7 pb ddr 0 w port b data direction 7 to 0 these bits select input or output for port b pins 7 6 pb ddr 0 w 6 5 pb ddr 0 w 5 4 pb ddr 0 w 4 3 pb ddr 0 w 3 2 pb ddr 0 w 2 1 pb ddr 0 w 1 0 pb ddr 0 w 0 the pin functions that can be selected for port b differ between modes 1 to 5, and modes 6 and 7. for the method of selecting the pin functions, see tables 8.23 and 8.24. when port b functions as an input/output port, a pin in port b becomes an output port if the corresponding pbddr bit is set to 1, and an input port if this bit is cleared to 0. pbddr is a write-only register. its value cannot be read. all bits return 1 when read. pbddr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. therefore, if a transition is made to software standby mode while port b is functioning as an input/output port and a pbddr bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin maintains its output state. 302 port b data register (pbdr): pbdr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for pins port b. when port b functions as an output port, the value of this register is output. when a bit in pbddr is set to 1, if port b is read the value of the corresponding pbdr bit is returned. when a bit in pbddr is cleared to 0, if port b is read the corresponding pin logic level is read. bit initial value read/write 0 pb 0 r/w 0 1 pb 0 r/w 1 2 pb 0 r/w 2 3 pb 0 r/w 3 4 pb 0 r/w 4 5 pb 0 r/w 5 6 pb 0 r/w 6 7 pb 0 r/w 7 port b data 7 to 0 these bits store data for port b pins pbdr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. in software standby mode it retains its previous setting. 303 table 8.23 port b pin functions (modes 1 to 5) pin pin functions and selection method pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 bit re in scr of sci2, bit smif in scmr, bit nder15 in nderb, and bit pb 7 ddr select the pin function as follows. smif 0 1 re 0 1 pb 7 ddr 0 1 1 nder15 0 1 pin function pb 7 input pb 7 output tp 15 output rxd 2 input rxd 2 input pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 bit te in scr of sci2, bit smif in scmr, bit nder14 in nderb, and bit pb 6 ddr select the pin function as follows. smif 0 1 te 0 1 pb 6 ddr 0 1 1 nder14 0 1 pin function pb 6 input pb 6 output tp 14 output txd 2 output txd 2 output * note: * functions as the txd 2 output pin, but there are two states: one in which the pin is driven, and another in which the pin is at high-impedance. pb 5 /tp 13 / sck 2 / lcas bit c/ a in smr of sci2, bits cke0 and cke1 in scr, bit nder13 in nderb, and bit pb 5 ddr select the pin function as follows. cke1 0 1 c/ a 01 cke0 0 1 pb 5 ddr 0 1 1 nder13 0 1 pin function pb 5 input pb 5 output tp 13 output sck 2 output sck 2 output sck 2 input lcas output * note: * lcas output depending on bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra and bit csel in drcrb, and regardless of bits c/ a , cke0, and cke1, nder13, and pb 5 ddr. for details, see section 6, bus controller . pb 4 /tp 12 / bit nder12 in nderb and bit pb 4 ddr select the pin function as follows. ucas pb 4 ddr 0 1 1 nder12 0 1 pin function pb 4 input pb 4 output tp 12 output ucas output * note: * ucas output depending on bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra and bit csel in drcrb, and regardless of bits nder12 and pb 4 ddr. for details, see section 6, bus controller. 304 pin pin functions and selection method pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 the dram interface settings by bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra, bits ois3/2 and os1/0 in 8tcsr3, bits cclr1 and cclr0 in 8tcr3, bit cs4e in cscr, bit nder11 in nderb, and bit pb 3 ddr select the pin function as follows. dram interface settings (1) in table below (2) in table below ois3/2 and os1/0 all 0 not all 0 cs4e 0 1 pb 3 ddr 0 1 1 nder11 0 1 pin function pb 3 input pb 3 output tp 11 output cs 4 output tmio 3 output cs 4 output * 3 tmio 3 input * 1 dreq 1 input * 2 notes: * 1 tmio 3 input when cclr1 = cclr0 = 1. * 2 when an external request is specified as a dmac activation source, dreq 1 input regardless of bits ois3 and ois2, os1 and os0, cclr1 and cclr0, cs4e, nder11, and pb 3 ddr. * 3 cs 4 is output as ras 4 . dram interface settings (1) (2) (1) dras2 0 1 dras1 0101 dras0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 / cs 5 the dram interface settings by bits dras2 to dras0 in drcra, bits ois3/2 and os1/0 in 8tcsr2, bit cs5e in cscr, bit nder10 in nderb, and bit pb 2 ddr select the pin function as follows. dram interface settings (1) in table below (2) in table below ois3/2 and os1/0 all 0 not all 0 cs5e 0 1 pb 2 ddr 0 1 1 nder10 0 1 pin function pb 2 input pb 2 output tp 10 output cs 5 output tmio 2 output cs 5 output * note: * cs 5 is output as ras 5 . dram interface settings (1) (2) (1) dras2 0 1 dras1 0101 dras0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 305 pin pin functions and selection method pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 bits ois3/2 and os1/0 in 8tcsr1, bits cclr1 and cclr0 in tcr1, bit cs6e in cscr, bit nder9 in nderb, and bit pb 1 ddr select the pin function as follows. ois3/2 and os1/0 all 0 not all 0 cs6e 0 1 pb 1 ddr 0 1 1 nder9 0 1 pin function pb 1 input pb 1 output tp 9 output cs 6 output tmio 1 output tmio 1 input * 1 dreq 0 input * 2 notes: * 1 tmio 1 input when cclr1 = cclr0 = 1. * 2 when an external request is specified as a dmac activation source, dreq 0 input regardless of bits ois3/2 and os1/0, bits cclr1/0, bit cs6e, bit nder9, and bit pb 1 ddr. pb 0 /tp 8 / tmo 0 / cs 7 bits ois3/2 and os1/0 in 8tcsr0, bit cs7e in cscr, bit nder8 in nderb, and bit pb 0 ddr select the pin function as follows. ois3/2 and os1/0 all 0 not all 0 cs7e 0 1 pb 0 ddr 0 1 1 nder8 0 1 pin function pb 0 input pb 0 output tp 8 output cs 7 output tmo 0 output 306 table 8.24 port b pin functions (modes 6 and 7) pin pin functions and selection method pb 7 /tp 15 / rxd 2 bit re in scr of sci2, bit smif in scmr, bit nder15 in nderb, and bit pb 7 ddr select the pin function as follows. smif 0 1 re 0 1 pb 7 ddr 0 1 1 nder15 0 1 pin function pb 7 input pb 7 output tp 15 output rxd 2 input rxd 2 input pb 6 /tp 14 / txd 2 bit te in scr of sci2, bit smif in scmr, bit nder14 in nderb, and bit pb 6 ddr select the pin function as follows. smif 0 1 te 0 1 pb 6 ddr 0 1 1 nder14 0 1 pin function pb 6 input pb 6 output tp 14 output txd 2 output txd 2 output * note: * functions as the txd2 output pin, but there are two states: one in which the pin is driven, and another in which the pin is at high-impedance . pb 5 /tp 13 / sck 2 bit c/ a in smr of sci2, bits cke0 and cke1 in scr, bit nder13 in nderb, and bit pb 5 ddr select the pin function as follows. cke1 0 1 c/ a 01 cke0 0 1 pb 5 ddr 0 1 1 nder13 0 1 pin function pb 5 input pb 5 output tp 13 output sck 2 output sck 2 output sck 2 input pb 4 /tp 12 bit nder12 in nderb and bit pb 4 ddr select the pin function as follows. pb 4 ddr 0 1 1 nder12 0 1 pin function pb 4 input pb 4 output tp 12 output 307 pin pin functions and selection method pb 3 /tp 11 / tmio 3 / bits ois3/2 and os1/0 in tcsr3, bits cclr1 and cclr0 in tcr3, bit nder11 in nderb, and bit pb 3 ddr select the pin function as follows. dreq 1 ois3/2 and os1/0 all 0 not all 0 pb 3 ddr 0 1 1 nder11 0 1 pin function pb 3 input pb 3 output tp 11 output tmio 3 output tmio 3 input * 1 dreq 1 input * 2 notes: * 1 tmio 3 input when cclr1 = cclr0 = 1. * 2 when an external request is specified as a dmac activation source, dreq 1 input regardless of bits ois3/2 and os1/0, bit nder11, and bit pb 3 ddr. pb 2 /tp 10 / tmo 2 bits ois3/2 and os1/0 in tcsr2, bit nder10 in nderb, and bit pb 2 ddr select the pin function as follows. ois3/2 and os1/0 all 0 not all 0 pb 2 ddr 0 1 1 nder10 0 1 pin function pb 2 input pb 2 output tp 10 output tmo 2 output pb 1 /tp 9 / tmio 1 / bits ois3/2 and os1/0 in tcsr1, bits cclr1 and cclr0 in tcr1, bit nder9 in nderb, and bit pb 1 ddr select the pin function as follows. dreq 0 ois3/2 and os1/0 all 0 not all 0 pb 1 ddr 0 1 1 nder9 0 1 pin function pb 1 input pb 1 output tp 9 output tmio 1 output tmio 1 input * 1 dreq 0 input * 2 notes: * 1 tmio 1 input when cclr1 = cclr0 = 1. * 2 when an external request is specified as a dmac activation source, dreq 0 input regardless of bits ois3/2 and os1/0, bit nder9, and bit pb 1 ddr. pb 0 /tp 8 / bits ois3/2 and os1/0 in tcsr0, bit nder8 in nderb, and bit pb 0 ddr select the pin function as follows. tmo 0 ois3/2 and os1/0 all 0 not all 0 pb 0 ddr 0 1 1 nder8 0 1 pin function pb 0 input pb 0 output tp 8 output tmo 0 output 308 309 section 9 16-bit timer 9.1 overview the h8/3068f has built-in 16-bit timer module with three 16-bit counter channels. 9.1.1 features 16-bit timer features are listed below. ? capability to process up to 6 pulse outputs or 6 pulse inputs ? six general registers (grs, two per channel) with independently-assignable output compare or input capture functions ? selection of eight counter clock sources for each channel: internal clocks: f , f /2, f /4, f /8 external clocks: tclka, tclkb, tclkc, tclkd ? five operating modes selectable in all channels: ? waveform output by compare match selection of 0 output, 1 output, or toggle output (only 0 or 1 output in channel 2) ? input capture function rising edge, falling edge, or both edges (selectable) ? counter clearing function counters can be cleared by compare match or input capture ? synchronization two or more timer counters (16tcnts) can be preset simultaneously, or cleared simultaneously by compare match or input capture. counter synchronization enables synchronous register input and output. ? pwm mode pwm output can be provided with an arbitrary duty cycle. with synchronization, up to three-phase pwm output is possible ? phase counting mode selectable in channel 2 two-phase encoder output can be counted automatically. ? high-speed access via internal 16-bit bus the 16tcnts and grs can be accessed at high speed via a 16-bit bus. ? any initial timer output value can be set ? nine interrupt sources each channel has two compare match/input capture interrupts and an overflow interrupt. all interrupts can be requested independently. 310 ? output triggering of programmable timing pattern controller (tpc) compare match/input capture signals from channels 0 to 2 can be used as tpc output triggers. table 9.1 summarizes the 16-bit timer functions. table 9.1 16-bit timer functions item channel 0 channel 1 channel 2 clock sources internal clocks: f , f /2, f /4, f /8 external clocks: tclka, tclkb, tclkc, tclkd, selectable independently general registers (output compare/input capture registers) gra0, grb0 gra1, grb1 gra2, grb2 input/output pins tioca 0 , tiocb 0 tioca 1 , tiocb 1 tioca 2 , tiocb 2 counter clearing function gra0/grb0 compare match or input capture gra1/grb1 compare match or input capture gra2/grb2 compare match or input capture initial output value setting function available available available compare 0 available available available match output 1 available available available toggle available available not available input capture function available available available synchronization available available available pwm mode available available available phase counting mode not available not available available interrupt sources three sources ? compare match/input capture a0 ? compare match/input capture b0 ? overflow three sources ? compare match/input capture a1 ? compare match/input capture b1 ? overflow three sources ? compare match/input capture a2 ? compare match/input capture b2 ? overflow 311 9.1.2 block diagrams 16-bit timer block diagram (overall): figure 9.1 is a block diagram of the 16-bit timer. 16-bit timer channel 2 16-bit timer channel 1 16-bit timer channel 0 module data bus bus interface internal data bus imia0 to imia2 imib0 to imib2 ovi0 to ovi2 tclka to tclkd f , f /2, f /4, f /8 clock selector control logic tioca 0 to tioca 2 tiocb 0 to tiocb 2 tstr tsnr tmdr tolr tisra tisrb tisrc legend: tstr: timer start register (8 bits) tsnr: timer synchro register (8 bits) tmdr: timer mode register (8 bits) tolr: timer output level setting register (8 bits) tisra: timer interrupt status register a (8 bits) tisrb: timer interrupt status register b (8 bits) tisrc: timer interrupt status register c (8 bits) figure 9.1 16-bit timer block diagram (overall) 312 block diagram of channels 0 and 1: 16-bit timer channels 0 and 1 are functionally identical. both have the structure shown in figure 9.2. clock selector comparator control logic tclka to tclkd f , f /2, f /4, f /8 tioca 0 tiocb 0 imia0 imib0 ovi0 16tcnt gra grb 16tcr tior module data bus legend: 16tcnt: gra, grb: tcr: tior: timer counter (16 bits) general registers a and b (input capture/output compare registers) (16 bits 2) timer control register (8 bits) timer i/o control register (8 bits) figure 9.2 block diagram of channels 0 and 1 313 block diagram of channel 2: figure 9.3 is a block diagram of channel 2 clock selector comparator control logic tclka to tclkd f , f /2, f /4, f /8 tioca 2 tiocb 2 imia2 imib2 ovi2 16tcnt2 gra2 grb2 16tcr2 tior2 module data bus legend: 16tcnt2: gra2, grb2: tcr2: tior2: timer counter 2 (16 bits) general registers a2 and b2 (input capture/output compare registers) (16 bits ? 2) timer control register 2 (8 bits) timer i/o control register 2 (8 bits) figure 9.3 block diagram of channel 2 314 9.1.3 pin configuration table 9.2 summarizes the 16-bit timer pins. table 9.2 16-bit timer pins channel name abbre- viation input/ output function common clock input a tclka input external clock a input pin (phase-a input pin in phase counting mode) clock input b tclkb input external clock b input pin (phase-b input pin in phase counting mode) clock input c tclkc input external clock c input pin clock input d tclkd input external clock d input pin 0 input capture/output compare a0 tioca 0 input/ output gra0 output compare or input capture pin pwm output pin in pwm mode input capture/output compare b0 tiocb 0 input/ output grb0 output compare or input capture pin 1 input capture/output compare a1 tioca 1 input/ output gra1 output compare or input capture pin pwm output pin in pwm mode input capture/output compare b1 tiocb 1 input/ output grb1 output compare or input capture pin 2 input capture/output compare a2 tioca 2 input/ output gra2 output compare or input capture pin pwm output pin in pwm mode input capture/output compare b2 tiocb 2 input/ output grb2 output compare or input capture pin 315 9.1.4 register configuration table 9.3 summarizes the 16-bit timer registers. table 9.3 16-bit timer registers channel address * 1 name abbre- viation r/w initial value common h'fff60 timer start register tstr r/w h'f8 h'fff61 timer synchro register tsnc r/w h'f8 h'fff62 timer mode register tmdr r/w h'98 h'fff63 timer output level setting register tolr w h'c0 h'fff64 timer interrupt status register a tisra r/(w) * 2 h'88 h'fff65 timer interrupt status register b tisrb r/(w) * 2 h'88 h'fff66 timer interrupt status register c tisrc r/(w) * 2 h'88 0 h'fff68 timer control register 0 16tcr0 r/w h'80 h'fff69 timer i/o control register 0 tior0 r/w h'88 h'fff6a timer counter 0h 16tcnt0h r/w h'00 h'fff6b timer counter 0l 16tcnt0l r/w h'00 h'fff6c general register a0h gra0h r/w h'ff h'fff6d general register a0l gra0l r/w h'ff h'fff6e general register b0h grb0h r/w h'ff h'fff6f general register b0l grb0l r/w h'ff 1 h'fff70 timer control register 1 16tcr1 r/w h'80 h'fff71 timer i/o control register 1 tior1 r/w h'88 h'fff72 timer counter 1h 16tcnt1h r/w h'00 h'fff73 timer counter 1l 16tcnt1l r/w h'00 h'fff74 general register a1h gra1h r/w h'ff h'fff75 general register a1l gra1l r/w h'ff h'fff76 general register b1h grb1h r/w h'ff h'fff77 general register b1l grb1l r/w h'ff 316 channel address * 1 name abbre- viation r/w initial value 2 h'fff78 timer control register 2 16tcr2 r/w h'80 h'fff79 timer i/o control register 2 tior2 r/w h'88 h'fff7a timer counter 2h 16tcnt2h r/w h'00 h'fff7b timer counter 2l 16tcnt2l r/w h'00 h'fff7c general register a2h gra2h r/w h'ff h'fff7d general register a2l gra2l r/w h'ff h'fff7e general register b2h grb2h r/w h'ff h'fff7f general register b2l grb2l r/w h'ff notes: * 1 the lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode are indicated. * 2 only 0 can be written in bits 3 to 0, to clear the flags. 9.2 register descriptions 9.2.1 timer start register (tstr) tstr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that starts and stops the timer counter (16tcnt) in channels 0 to 2. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 str2 0 r/w 1 str1 0 r/w 0 str0 0 r/w reserved bits counter start 2 to 0 these bits start and stop 16tcnt2 to 16tcnt0 tstr is initialized to h'f8 by a reset and in standby mode. bits 7 to 3?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit 2?ounter start 2 (str2): starts and stops timer counter 2 (16tcnt2). bit 2 str2 description 0 16tcnt2 is halted (initial value) 1 16tcnt2 is counting 317 bit 1?ounter start 1 (str1): starts and stops timer counter 1 (16tcnt1). bit 1 str1 description 0 16tcnt1 is halted (initial value) 1 16tcnt1 is counting bit 0?ounter start 0 (str0): starts and stops timer counter 0 (16tcnt0). bit 0 str0 description 0 16tcnt0 is halted (initial value) 1 16tcnt0 is counting 9.2.2 timer synchro register (tsnc) tsnc is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects whether channels 0 to 2 operate independently or synchronously. channels are synchronized by setting the corresponding bits to 1. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 sync2 0 r/w 1 sync1 0 r/w 0 sync0 0 r/w reserved bits timer sync 2 to 0 these bits synchronize channels 2 to 0 tsnc is initialized to h'f8 by a reset and in standby mode. bits 7 to 3?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit 2?imer sync 2 (sync2): selects whether channel 2 operates independently or synchronously. bit 2 sync2 description 0 channel 2? timer counter (16tcnt2) operates independently (initial value) 16tcnt2 is preset and cleared independently of other channels 1 channel 2 operates synchronously 16tcnt2 can be synchronously preset and cleared 318 bit 1?imer sync 1 (sync1): selects whether channel 1 operates independently or synchronously. bit 1 sync1 description 0 channel 1? timer counter (16tcnt1) operates independently (initial value) 16tcnt1 is preset and cleared independently of other channels 1 channel 1 operates synchronously 16tcnt1 can be synchronously preset and cleared bit 0?imer sync 0 (sync0): selects whether channel 0 operates independently or synchronously. bit 0 sync0 description 0 channel 0? timer counter (16tcnt0) operates independently (initial value) 16tcnt0 is preset and cleared independently of other channels 1 channel 0 operates synchronously 16tcnt0 can be synchronously preset and cleared 9.2.3 timer mode register (tmdr) tmdr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects pwm mode for channels 0 to 2. it also selects phase counting mode and the overflow flag (ovf) setting conditions for channel 2. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 mdf 0 r/w 5 fdir 0 r/w 4 1 3 1 0 pwm0 0 r/w 2 pwm2 0 r/w 1 pwm1 0 r/w reserved bit reserved bit pwm mode 2 to 0 these bits select pwm mode for channels 2 to 0 phase counting mode flag selects phase counting mode for channel 2 flag direction selects the setting condition for the overflow flag (ovf) in tisrc tmdr is initialized to h'98 by a reset and in standby mode. 319 bit 7?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 6?hase counting mode flag (mdf): selects whether channel 2 operates normally or in phase counting mode. bit 6 mdf description 0 channel 2 operates normally (initial value) 1 channel 2 operates in phase counting mode when mdf is set to 1 to select phase counting mode, 16tcnt2 operates as an up/down-counter and pins tclka and tclkb become counter clock input pins. 16tcnt2 counts both rising and falling edges of tclka and tclkb, and counts up or down as follows. counting direction down-counting up-counting tclka pin high low low high tclkb pin low high high low in phase counting mode, external clock edge selection by bits ckeg1 and ckeg0 in 16tcr2 and counter clock selection by bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 are invalid, and the above phase counting mode operations take precedence. the counter clearing condition selected by the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in 16tcr2 and the compare match/input capture settings and interrupt functions of tior2, tisra, tisrb, tisrc remain effective in phase counting mode. bit 5?lag direction (fdir): designates the setting condition for the ovf flag in tisrc. the fdir designation is valid in all modes in channel 2. bit 5 fdir description 0 ovf is set to 1 in tisrc when 16tcnt2 overflows or underflows (initial value) 1 ovf is set to 1 in tisrc when 16tcnt2 overflows bits 4 and 3?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. 320 bit 2?wm mode 2 (pwm2): selects whether channel 2 operates normally or in pwm mode. bit 2 pwm2 description 0 channel 2 operates normally (initial value) 1 channel 2 operates in pwm mode when bit pwm2 is set to 1 to select pwm mode, pin tioca 2 becomes a pwm output pin. the output goes to 1 at compare match with gra2, and to 0 at compare match with grb2. bit 1?wm mode 1 (pwm1): selects whether channel 1 operates normally or in pwm mode. bit 1 pwm1 description 0 channel 1 operates normally (initial value) 1 channel 1 operates in pwm mode when bit pwm1 is set to 1 to select pwm mode, pin tioca 1 becomes a pwm output pin. the output goes to 1 at compare match with gra1, and to 0 at compare match with grb1. bit 0?wm mode 0 (pwm0): selects whether channel 0 operates normally or in pwm mode. bit 0 pwm0 description 0 channel 0 operates normally (initial value) 1 channel 0 operates in pwm mode when bit pwm0 is set to 1 to select pwm mode, pin tioca 0 becomes a pwm output pin. the output goes to 1 at compare match with gra0, and to 0 at compare match with grb0. 321 9.2.4 timer interrupt status register a (tisra) tisra is an 8-bit readable/writable register that indicates gra compare match or input capture and enables or disables gra compare match and input capture interrupt requests. 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 imiea2 0 r/w 5 imiea1 0 r/w 4 imiea0 0 r/w 3 1 2 imfa2 0 r/(w) * 1 imfa1 0 r/(w) * 0 imfa0 0 r/(w) * reserved bit reserved bit input capture/compare match interrupt enable a2 to a0 these bits enable or disable interrupts by the imfa flags input capture/compare match flags a2 to a0 status flags indicating gra compare match or input capture note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. tisra is initialized to h'88 by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 6?nput capture/compare match interrupt enable a2 (imiea2): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the imfa2 when imfa2 flag is set to 1. bit 6 imiea2 description 0 imia2 interrupt requested by imfa2 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 imia2 interrupt requested by imfa2 flag is enabled 322 bit 5?nput capture/compare match interrupt enable a1 (imiea1): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the imfa1 flag when imfa1 is set to 1. bit 5 imiea1 description 0 imia1 interrupt requested by imfa1 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 imia1 interrupt requested by imfa1 flag is enabled bit 4?nput capture/compare match interrupt enable a0 (imiea0): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the imfa0 flag when imfa0 is set to 1. bit 4 imiea0 description 0 imia0 interrupt requested by imfa0 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 imia0 interrupt requested by imfa0 flag is enabled bit 3?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 2?nput capture/compare match flag a2 (imfa2): this status flag indicates gra2 compare match or input capture events. bit 2 imfa2 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfa2 flag when imfa2 =1, then write 0 in imfa2 flag 1 [setting conditions] ? 16tcnt2 = gra2 when gra2 functions as an output compare register ? 16tcnt2 value is transferred to gra2 by an input capture signal when gra2 functions as an input capture register 323 bit 1?nput capture/compare match flag a1 (imfa1): this status flag indicates gra1 compare match or input capture events. bit 1 imfa1 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfa1 flag when imfa1 =1, then write 0 in imfa1 flag 1 [setting conditions] ? 16tcnt1 = gra1 when gra1 functions as an output compare register ? 16tcnt1 value is transferred to gra1 by an input capture signal when gra1 functions as an input capture register bit 0?nput capture/compare match flag a0 (imfa0): this status flag indicates gra0 compare match or input capture events. bit 0 imfa0 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfa0 flag when imfa0 =1, then write 0 in imfa0 flag 1 [setting conditions] ? 16tcnt0 = gra0 when gra0 functions as an output compare register ? 16tcnt0 value is transferred to gra0 by an input capture signal when gra0 functions as an input capture register 324 9.2.5 timer interrupt status register b (tisrb) tisrb is an 8-bit readable/writable register that indicates grb compare match or input capture and enables or disables grb compare match and input capture interrupt requests. 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 imieb2 0 r/w 5 imieb1 0 r/w 4 imieb0 0 r/w 3 1 2 imfb2 0 r/(w) * 1 imfb1 0 r/(w) * 0 imfb0 0 r/(w) * reserved bit reserved bit input capture/compare match interrupt enable b2 to b0 these bits enable or disable interrupts by the imfb flags input capture/compare match flags b2 to b0 status flags indicating grb compare match or input capture note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. tisrb is initialized to h'88 by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 6?nput capture/compare match interrupt enable b2 (imieb2): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the imfb2 when imfb2 flag is set to 1. bit 6 imieb2 description 0 imib2 interrupt requested by imfb2 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 imib2 interrupt requested by imfb2 flag is enabled 325 bit 5?nput capture/compare match interrupt enable b1 (imieb1): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the imfb1 when imfb1 flag is set to 1. bit 5 imieb1 description 0 imib1 interrupt requested by imfb1 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 imib1 interrupt requested by imfb1 flag is enabled bit 4?nput capture/compare match interrupt enable b0 (imieb0): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the imfb0 when imfb0 flag is set to 1. bit 4 imieb0 description 0 imib0 interrupt requested by imfb0 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 imib0 interrupt requested by imfb0 flag is enabled bit 3?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 2?nput capture/compare match flag b2 (imfb2): this status flag indicates grb2 compare match or input capture events. bit 2 imfb2 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfb2 flag when imfb2 =1, then write 0 in imfb2 flag 1 [setting conditions] ? 16tcnt2 = grb2 when grb2 functions as an output compare register ? 16tcnt2 value is transferred to grb2 by an input capture signal when grb2 functions as an input capture register 326 bit 1?nput capture/compare match flag b1 (imfb1): this status flag indicates grb1 compare match or input capture events. bit 1 imfb1 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfb1 flag when imfb1 =1, then write 0 in imfb1 flag 1 [setting conditions] ? 16tcnt1 = grb1 when grb1 functions as an output compare register ? 16tcnt1 value is transferred to grb1 by an input capture signal when grb1 functions as an input capture register bit 0?nput capture/compare match flag b0 (imfb0): this status flag indicates grb0 compare match or input capture events. bit 0 imfb0 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfb0 flag when imfb0 =1, then write 0 in imfb0 flag 1 [setting conditions] ? 16tcnt0 = grb0 when grb0 functions as an output compare register ? 16tcnt0 value is transferred to grb0 by an input capture signal when grb0 functions as an input capture register 327 9.2.6 timer interrupt status register c (tisrc) tisrc is an 8-bit readable/writable register that indicates 16tcnt overflow or underflow and enables or disables overflow interrupt requests. 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 ovie2 0 r/w 5 ovie1 0 r/w 4 ovie0 0 r/w 3 1 2 ovf2 0 r/(w) * 1 ovf1 0 r/(w) * 0 ovf0 0 r/(w) * reserved bit reserved bit overflow interrupt enable 2 to 0 these bits enable or disable interrupts by the ovf flags overflow flags 2 to 0 status flags indicating interrupts by ovf flags note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. tisrc is initialized to h'88 by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 6?verflow interrupt enable 2 (ovie2): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the ovf2 when ovf2 flag is set to 1. bit 6 ovie2 description 0 ovi2 interrupt requested by ovf2 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 ovi2 interrupt requested by ovf2 flag is enabled bit 5?verflow interrupt enable 1 (ovie1): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the ovf1 when ovf1 flag is set to 1. bit 5 ovie1 description 0 ovi1 interrupt requested by ovf1 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 ovi1 interrupt requested by ovf1 flag is enabled 328 bit 4?verflow interrupt enable 0 (ovie0): enables or disables the interrupt requested by the ovf0 when ovf0 flag is set to 1. bit 4 ovie0 description 0 ovi0 interrupt requested by ovf0 flag is disabled (initial value) 1 ovi0 interrupt requested by ovf0 flag is enabled bit 3?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bit 2?verflow flag 2 (ovf2): this status flag indicates 16tcnt2 overflow. bit 2 ovf2 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read ovf2 flag when ovf2 =1, then write 0 in ovf2 flag 1 [setting condition] 16tcnt2 overflowed from h'ffff to h'0000, or underflowed from h'0000 to h'ffff note: 16tcnt underflow occurs when 16tcnt operates as an up/down-counter. underflow occurs only when channel 2 operates in phase counting mode (mdf = 1 in tmdr). bit 1?verflow flag 1 (ovf1): this status flag indicates 16tcnt1 overflow. bit 1 ovf1 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read ovf1 flag when ovf1 =1, then write 0 in ovf1 flag 1 [setting condition] 16tcnt1 overflowed from h'ffff to h'0000 bit 0?verflow flag 0 (ovf0): this status flag indicates 16tcnt0 overflow. bit 0 ovf0 description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read ovf0 flag when ovf0 =1, then write 0 in ovf0 flag 1 [setting condition] 16tcnt0 overflowed from h'ffff to h'0000 329 9.2.7 timer counters (16tcnt) 16tcnt is a 16-bit counter. the 16-bit timer has three 16tcnts, one for each channel. channel abbreviation function 0 16tcnt0 up-counter 1 16tcnt1 2 16tcnt2 phase counting mode: up/down-counter other modes: up-counter bit initial value read/write 14 0 r/w 12 0 r/w 10 0 r/w 8 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 0 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 15 0 r/w 13 0 r/w 11 0 r/w 9 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 3 0 r/w each 16tcnt is a 16-bit readable/writable register that counts pulse inputs from a clock source. the clock source is selected by bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr. 16tcnt0 and 16tcnt1 are up-counters. 16tcnt2 is an up/down-counter in phase counting mode and an up-counter in other modes. 16tcnt can be cleared to h'0000 by compare match with gra or grb or by input capture to gra or grb (counter clearing function). when 16tcnt overflows (changes from h'ffff to h'0000), the ovf flag is set to 1 in tisrc of the corresponding channel. when 16tcnt underflows (changes from h'0000 to h'ffff), the ovf flag is set to 1 in tisrc of the corresponding channel. the 16tcnts are linked to the cpu by an internal 16-bit bus and can be written or read by either word access or byte access. each 16tcnt is initialized to h'0000 by a reset and in standby mode. 330 9.2.8 general registers (gra, grb) the general registers are 16-bit registers. the 16-bit timer has 6 general registers, two in each channel. channel abbreviation function 0 gra0, grb0 output compare/input capture register 1 gra1, grb1 2 gra2, grb2 bit initial value read/write 14 1 r/w 12 1 r/w 10 1 r/w 8 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 0 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 15 1 r/w 13 1 r/w 11 1 r/w 9 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 3 1 r/w a general register is a 16-bit readable/writable register that can function as either an output compare register or an input capture register. the function is selected by settings in tior. when a general register is used as an output compare register, its value is constantly compared with the 16tcnt value. when the two values match (compare match), the imfa or imfb flag is set to 1 in tisra/tisrb. compare match output can be selected in tior. when a general register is used as an input capture register, an external input capture signal are detected and the current 16tcnt value is stored in the general register. the corresponding imfa or imfb flag in tisra/tisrb is set to 1 at the same time. the edges of the input capture signal are selected in tior. tior settings are ignored in pwm mode. general registers are linked to the cpu by an internal 16-bit bus and can be written or read by either word access or byte access. general registers are set as output compare registers (with no pin output) and initialized to h'ffff by a reset and in standby mode. 331 9.2.9 timer control registers (16tcr) 16tcr is an 8-bit register. the 16-bit timer has three 16tcrs, one in each channel. channel abbreviation function 0 1 2 16tcr0 16tcr1 16tcr2 16tcr controls the timer counter. the 16tcrs in all channels are functionally identical. when phase counting mode is selected in channel 2, the settings of bits ckeg1 and ckeg0 and tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr2 are ignored. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 cclr1 0 r/w 5 cclr0 0 r/w 4 ckeg1 0 r/w 3 ckeg0 0 r/w 0 tpsc0 0 r/w 2 tpsc2 0 r/w 1 tpsc1 0 r/w timer prescaler 2 to 0 these bits select the timer counter clock reserved bit clock edge 1/0 these bits select external clock edges counter clear 1/0 these bits select the counter clear source each 16tcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the timer counter clock source, selects the edge or edges of external clock sources, and selects how the counter is cleared. 16tcr is initialized to h'80 by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. 332 bits 6 and 5?ounter clear 1 and 0 (cclr1, cclr0): these bits select how 16tcnt is cleared. bit 6 cclr1 bit 5 cclr0 description 0 0 16tcnt is not cleared (initial value) 1 16tcnt is cleared by gra compare match or input capture * 1 1 0 16tcnt is cleared by grb compare match or input capture * 1 1 synchronous clear: 16tcnt is cleared in synchronization with other synchronized timers * 2 notes: * 1 16tcnt is cleared by compare match when the general register functions as an output compare register, and by input capture when the general register functions as an input capture register. * 2 selected in tsnc. bits 4 and 3?lock edge 1 and 0 (ckeg1, ckeg0): these bits select external clock input edges when an external clock source is used. bit 4 ckeg1 bit 3 ckeg0 description 0 0 count rising edges (initial value) 1 count falling edges 1 count both edges when channel 2 is set to phase counting mode, bits ckeg1 and ckeg0 in 16tcr2 are ignored. phase counting takes precedence. bits 2 to 0?imer prescaler 2 to 0 (tpsc2 to tpsc0): these bits select the counter clock source. bit 2 tpsc2 bit 1 tpsc1 bit 0 tpsc0 function 0 0 0 internal clock: f (initial value) 1 internal clock: f /2 1 0 internal clock: f /4 1 internal clock: f /8 1 0 0 external clock a: tclka input 1 external clock b: tclkb input 1 0 external clock c: tclkc input 1 external clock d: tclkd input 333 when bit tpsc2 is cleared to 0 an internal clock source is selected, and the timer counts only falling edges. when bit tpsc2 is set to 1 an external clock source is selected, and the timer counts the edges selected by bits ckeg1 and ckeg0. when channel 2 is set to phase counting mode (mdf = 1 in tmdr), the settings of bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr2 are ignored. phase counting takes precedence. 9.2.10 timer i/o control register (tior) tior is an 8-bit register. the 16-bit timer has three tiors, one in each channel. channel abbreviation function 0 tior0 tior controls the general registers. some functions differ in pwm 1 tior1 mode. 2 tior2 bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 iob2 0 r/w 5 iob1 0 r/w 4 iob0 0 r/w 3 1 0 ioa0 0 r/w 2 ioa2 0 r/w 1 ioa1 0 r/w i/o control a2 to a0 these bits select gra functions reserved bit i/o control b2 to b0 these bits select grb functions reserved bit each tior is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the output compare or input capture function for gra and grb, and specifies the functions of the tiora and tiorb pins. if the output compare function is selected, tior also selects the type of output. if input capture is selected, tior also selects the edges of the input capture signal. tior is initialized to h'88 by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. 334 bits 6 to 4?/o control b2 to b0 (iob2 to iob0): these bits select the grb function. bit 6 iob2 bit 5 iob1 bit 4 iob0 function 0 0 0 grb is an output no output at compare match (initial value) 1 compare register 0 output at grb compare match * 1 1 0 1 output at grb compare match * 1 1 output toggles at grb compare match (1 output in channel 2) * 1 * 2 1 0 0 grb is an input grb captures rising edge of input 1 compare register grb captures falling edge of input 1 0 grb captures both edges of input 1 notes: * 1 after a reset, the output conforms to the tolr setting until the first compare match. * 2 channel 2 output cannot be toggled by compare match. when this setting is made, 1 output is selected automatically. bit 3?eserved: this bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1. bits 2 to 0?/o control a2 to a0 (ioa2 to ioa0): these bits select the gra function. bit 2 ioa2 bit 1 ioa1 bit 0 ioa0 function 0 0 0 gra is an output no output at compare match (initial value) 1 compare register 0 output at gra compare match * 1 1 0 1 output at gra compare match * 1 1 output toggles at gra compare match (1 output in channel 2) * 1 * 2 1 0 0 gra is an input gra captures rising edge of input 1 compare register gra captures falling edge of input 1 0 gra captures both edges of input 1 notes: * 1 after a reset, the output conforms to the tolr setting until the first compare match. * 2 channel 2 output cannot be toggled by compare match. when this setting is made, 1 output is selected automatically. 335 9.2.11 timer output level setting register c (tolr) tolr is an 8-bit write-only register that selects the timer output level for channels 0 to 2. 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 1 5 tob2 0 w 4 toa2 0 w 3 tob1 0 w 2 toa1 0 w 1 tob0 0 w 0 toa0 0 w reserved bits output level setting a2 to a0, b2 to b0 these bits set the levels of the timer outputs (tioca 2 to tioca 0 , and tiocb 2 to tiocb 0 ) a tolr setting can only be made when the corresponding bit in tstr is 0. tolr is a write-only register, and cannot be read. if it is read, all bits will return a value of 1. tolr is initialized to h'c0 by a reset and in standby mode. bits 7 and 6?eserved: these bits cannot be modified. bit 5?utput level setting b2 (tob2): sets the value of timer output tiocb 2 . bit 5 tob2 description 0 tiocb 2 is 0 (initial value) 1 tiocb 2 is 1 bit 4?utput level setting a2 (toa2): sets the value of timer output tioca 2 . bit 4 toa2 description 0 tioca 2 is 0 (initial value) 1 tioca 2 is 1 336 bit 3?utput level setting b1 (tob1): sets the value of timer output tiocb 1 . bit 3 tob1 description 0 tiocb 1 is 0 (initial value) 1 tiocb 1 is 1 bit 2?utput level setting a1 (toa1): sets the value of timer output tioca 1 . bit 2 toa1 description 0 tioca 1 is 0 (initial value) 1 tioca 1 is 1 bit 1?utput level setting b0 (tob0): sets the value of timer output tiocb 0 . bit 0 tob0 description 0 tiocb 0 is 0 (initial value) 1 tiocb 0 is 1 bit 0?utput level setting a0 (toa0): sets the value of timer output tioca 0 . bit 0 toa0 description 0 tioca 0 is 0 (initial value) 1 tioca 0 is 1 337 9.3 cpu interface 9.3.1 16-bit accessible registers the timer counters (16tcnts), general registers a and b (gras and grbs) are 16-bit registers, and are linked to the cpu by an internal 16-bit data bus. these registers can be written or read a word at a time, or a byte at a time. figures 9.4 and 9.5 show examples of word read/write access to a timer counter (16tcnt). figures 9.6 to 9.9 show examples of byte read/write access to 16tcnth and 16tcntl. on-chip data bus cpu h l bus interface h l module data bus 16tcnth 16tcntl figure 9.4 16tcnt access operation [cpu 16tcnt (word)] on-chip data bus cpu h l bus interface h l module data bus 16tcnth 16tcntl figure 9.5 access to timer counter (cpu reads 16tcnt, word) 338 on-chip data bus cpu h l bus interface h l module data bus 16tcnth 16tcntl figure 9.6 access to timer counter h (cpu writes to 16tcnth, upper byte) on-chip data bus cpu h l bus interface h l module data bus 16tcnth 16tcntl figure 9.7 access to timer counter l (cpu writes to 16tcntl, lower byte) on-chip data bus cpu h l bus interface h l module data bus 16tcnth 16tcntl figure 9.8 access to timer counter h (cpu reads 16tcnth, upper byte) 339 on-chip data bus cpu h l bus interface h l module data bus 16tcnth 16tcntl figure 9.9 access to timer counter l (cpu reads 16tcntl, lower byte) 9.3.2 8-bit accessible registers the registers other than the timer counters and general registers are 8-bit registers. these registers are linked to the cpu by an internal 8-bit data bus. figures 9.10 and 9.11 show examples of byte read and write access to a 16tcr. if a word-size data transfer instruction is executed, two byte transfers are performed. on-chip data bus cpu h l bus interface h l module data bus 16tcr figure 9.10 16tcr access (cpu writes to 16tcr) on-chip data bus cpu h l bus interface h l module data bus 16tcr figure 9.11 16tcr access (cpu reads 16tcr) 340 9.4 operation 9.4.1 overview a summary of operations in the various modes is given below. normal operation: each channel has a timer counter and general registers. the timer counter counts up, and can operate as a free-running counter, periodic counter, or external event counter. gra and grb can be used for input capture or output compare. synchronous operation: the timer counters in designated channels are preset synchronously. data written to the timer counter in any one of these channels is simultaneously written to the timer counters in the other channels as well. the timer counters can also be cleared synchronously if so designated by the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in the tcrs. pwm mode: a pwm waveform is output from the tioca pin. the output goes to 1 at compare match a and to 0 at compare match b. the duty cycle can be varied from 0% to 100% depending on the settings of gra and grb. when a channel is set to pwm mode, its gra and grb automatically become output compare registers. phase counting mode: the phase relationship between two clock signals input at tclka and tclkb is detected and 16tcnt2 counts up or down accordingly. when phase counting mode is selected tclka and tclkb become clock input pins and 16tcnt2 operates as an up/down- counter. 9.4.2 basic functions counter operation: when one of bits str0 to str2 is set to 1 in the timer start register (tstr), the timer counter (16tcnt) in the corresponding channel starts counting. the counting can be free-running or periodic. ? sample setup procedure for counter figure 9.12 shows a sample procedure for setting up a counter. 341 counter setup select counter clock count operation periodic counting select counter clear source select output compare register function set period start counter free-running counting start counter periodic counter free-running counter 1 ye s no 2 3 4 55 figure 9.12 counter setup procedure (example) 1. set bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr to select the counter clock source. if an external clock source is selected, set bits ckeg1 and ckeg0 in 16tcr to select the desired edge(s) of the external clock signal. 2. for periodic counting, set cclr1 and cclr0 in 16tcr to have 16tcnt cleared at gra compare match or grb compare match. 3. set tior to select the output compare function of gra or grb, whichever was selected in step 2. 4. write the count period in gra or grb, whichever was selected in step 2. 5. set the str bit to 1 in tstr to start the timer counter. 342 ? free-running and periodic counter operation a reset leaves the counters (16tcnts) in 16-bit timer channels 0 to 2 all set as free-running counters. a free-running counter starts counting up when the corresponding bit in tstr is set to 1. when the count overflows from h'ffff to h'0000, the ovf flag is set to 1 in tisrc. after the overflow, the counter continues counting up from h'0000. figure 9.13 illustrates free-running counting. 16tcnt value h'ffff h'0000 str0 to str2 bit ovf time figure 9.13 free-running counter operation when a channel is set to have its counter cleared by compare match, in that channel 16tcnt operates as a periodic counter. select the output compare function of gra or grb, set bit cclr1 or cclr0 in 16tcr to have the counter cleared by compare match, and set the count period in gra or grb. after these settings, the counter starts counting up as a periodic counter when the corresponding bit is set to 1 in tstr. when the count matches gra or grb, the imfa or imfb flag is set to 1 in tisra/tisrb and the counter is cleared to h'0000. if the corresponding imiea or imieb bit is set to 1 in tisra/tisrb, a cpu interrupt is requested at this time. after the compare match, 16tcnt continues counting up from h'0000. figure 9.14 illustrates periodic counting. 16tcnt value gr h'0000 str bit imf time counter cleared by general register compare match figure 9.14 periodic counter operation 343 ? 16tcnt count timing ? internal clock source bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr select the system clock ( f ) or one of three internal clock sources obtained by prescaling the system clock ( f /2, f /4, f /8). figure 9.15 shows the timing. f internal clock 16tcnt input clock 16tcnt n ?1 n n + 1 figure 9.15 count timing for internal clock sources ? external clock source the external clock pin (tclka to tclkd) can be selected by bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr, and the detected edge by bits ckeg1 and ckeg0. the rising edge, falling edge, or both edges can be selected. the pulse width of the external clock signal must be at least 1.5 system clocks when a single edge is selected, and at least 2.5 system clocks when both edges are selected. shorter pulses will not be counted correctly. figure 9.16 shows the timing when both edges are detected. f external clock input 16tcnt input clock 16tcnt n ?1 n n + 1 figure 9.16 count timing for external clock sources (when both edges are detected) 344 waveform output by compare match: in 16-bit timer channels 0, 1 compare match a or b can cause the output at the tioca or tiocb pin to go to 0, go to 1, or toggle. in channel 2 the output can only go to 0 or go to 1. ? sample setup procedure for waveform output by compare match figure 9.17 shows an example of the setup procedure for waveform output by compare match. output setup select waveform output mode set output timing start counter waveform output select the compare match output mode (0, 1, or toggle) in tior. when a waveform output mode is selected, the pin switches from its generic input/ output function to the output compare function (tioca or tiocb). an output compare pin outputs the value set in tolr until the first compare match occurs. set a value in gra or grb to designate the compare match timing. set the str bit to 1 in tstr to start the timer counter. 1 2 3 1. 2. 3. figure 9.17 setup procedure for waveform output by compare match (example) 345 ? examples of waveform output figure 9.18 shows examples of 0 and 1 output. 16tcnt operates as a free-running counter, 0 output is selected for compare match a, and 1 output is selected for compare match b. when the pin is already at the selected output level, the pin level does not change. time h'ffff grb tiocb tioca gra no change no change no change no change 1 output 0 output 16tcnt value h'0000 figure 9.18 0 and 1 output (toa = 1, tob = 0) figure 9.19 shows examples of toggle output. 16tcnt operates as a periodic counter, cleared by compare match b. toggle output is selected for both compare match a and b. grb tiocb tioca gra 16tcnt value time counter cleared by compare match with grb toggle output toggle output h'0000 figure 9.19 toggle output (toa = 1, tob = 0) 346 ? output compare output timing the compare match signal is generated in the last state in which 16tcnt and the general register match (when 16tcnt changes from the matching value to the next value). when the compare match signal is generated, the output value selected in tior is output at the output compare pin (tioca or tiocb). when 16tcnt matches a general register, the compare match signal is not generated until the next counter clock pulse. figure 9.20 shows the output compare timing. n + 1 n n f 16tcnt input clock 16tcnt gr compare match signal tioca, tiocb figure 9.20 output compare output timing input capture function: the 16tcnt value can be transferred to a general register when an input edge is detected at an input capture input/output compare pin (tioca or tiocb). rising- edge, falling-edge, or both-edge detection can be selected. the input capture function can be used to measure pulse width or period. 347 ? sample setup procedure for input capture figure 9.21 shows a sample procedure for setting up input capture. input selection select input-capture input start counter input capture set tior to select the input capture function of a general register and the rising edge, falling edge, or both edges of the input capture signal. clear the ddr bit to 0 before making these tior settings. set the str bit to 1 in tstr to start the timer counter. 1 2 1. 2. figure 9.21 setup procedure for input capture (example) ? examples of input capture figure 9.22 illustrates input capture when the falling edge of tiocb and both edges of tioca are selected as capture edges. 16tcnt is cleared by input capture into grb. h'0005 h'0180 h'0180 h'0160 h'0005 h'0000 tiocb tioca gra grb 16tcnt value h'0160 figure 9.22 input capture (example) 348 ? input capture signal timing input capture on the rising edge, falling edge, or both edges can be selected by settings in tior. figure 9.23 shows the timing when the rising edge is selected. the pulse width of the input capture signal must be at least 1.5 system clocks for single-edge capture, and 2.5 system clocks for capture of both edges. n n f input-capture input input capture signal 16tcnt gra, grb figure 9.23 input capture signal timing 9.4.3 synchronization the synchronization function enables two or more timer counters to be synchronized by writing the same data to them simultaneously (synchronous preset). with appropriate 16tcr settings, two or more timer counters can also be cleared simultaneously (synchronous clear). synchronization enables additional general registers to be associated with a single time base. synchronization can be selected for all channels (0 to 2). sample setup procedure for synchronization: figure 9.24 shows a sample procedure for setting up synchronization. 349 setup for synchronization synchronous preset set the sync bits to 1 in tsnc for the channels to be synchronized. when a value is written in 16tcnt in one of the synchronized channels, the same value is simultaneously written in 16tcnt in the other channels. set the cclr1 or cclr0 bit in 16tcr to have the counter cleared by compare match or input capture. set the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in 16tcr to have the counter cleared synchronously. set the str bits in tstr to 1 to start the synchronized counters. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2 3 1 5 4 5 select synchronization synchronous preset write to 16tcnt synchronous clear clearing synchronized to this channel? select counter clear source start counter counter clear synchronous clear start counter select counter clear source ye s no figure 9.24 setup procedure for synchronization (example) example of synchronization: figure 9.25 shows an example of synchronization. channels 0, 1, and 2 are synchronized, and are set to operate in pwm mode. channel 0 is set for counter clearing by compare match with grb0. channels 1 and 2 are set for synchronous counter clearing. the timer counters in channels 0, 1, and 2 are synchronously preset, and are synchronously cleared by compare match with grb0. a three-phase pwm waveform is output from pins tioca 0 , tioca 1 , and tioca 2 . for further information on pwm mode, see section 9.4.4, pwm mode. 350 tioca 2 tioca 1 tioca 0 gra2 gra1 grb2 gra0 grb1 grb0 value of 16tcnt0 to 16tcnt2 cleared by compare match with grb0 h'0000 figure 9.25 synchronization (example) 9.4.4 pwm mode in pwm mode gra and grb are paired and a pwm waveform is output from the tioca pin. gra specifies the time at which the pwm output changes to 1. grb specifies the time at which the pwm output changes to 0. if either gra or grb compare match is selected as the counter clear source, a pwm waveform with a duty cycle from 0% to 100% is output at the tioca pin. pwm mode can be selected in all channels (0 to 2). table 9.4 summarizes the pwm output pins and corresponding registers. if the same value is set in gra and grb, the output does not change when compare match occurs. table 9.4 pwm output pins and registers channel output pin 1 output 0 output 0 tioca 0 gra0 grb0 1 tioca 1 gra1 grb1 2 tioca 2 gra2 grb2 351 sample setup procedure for pwm mode: figure 9.26 shows a sample procedure for setting up pwm mode. pwm mode 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. set bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in 16tcr to select the counter clock source. if an external clock source is selected, set bits ckeg1 and ckeg0 in 16tcr to select the desired edge(s) of the external clock signal. set bits cclr1 and cclr0 in 16tcr to select the counter clear source. set the time at which the pwm waveform should go to 1 in gra. set the time at which the pwm waveform should go to 0 in grb. set the pwm bit in tmdr to select pwm mode. when pwm mode is selected, regardless of the tior contents, gra and grb become output compare registers specifying the times at which the pwm output goes to 1 and 0. the tioca pin automatically becomes the pwm output pin. the tiocb pin conforms to the settings of bits iob1 and iob0 in tior. if tiocb output is not desired, clear both iob1 and iob0 to 0. set the str bit to 1 in tstr to start the timer counter. pwm mode select counter clock 1 select counter clear source 2 set gra 3 set grb 4 select pwm mode 5 start counter 6 figure 9.26 setup procedure for pwm mode (example) 352 examples of pwm mode: figure 9.27 shows examples of operation in pwm mode. in pwm mode tioca becomes an output pin. the output goes to 1 at compare match with gra, and to 0 at compare match with grb. in the examples shown, 16tcnt is cleared by compare match with gra or grb. synchronized operation and free-running counting are also possible. 16tcnt value counter cleared by compare match a time gra grb tioca a. counter cleared by gra (toa = 1) 16tcnt value counter cleared by compare match b time grb gra tioca b. counter cleared by grb (toa = 0) h'0000 h'0000 figure 9.27 pwm mode (example 1) 353 figure 9.28 shows examples of the output of pwm waveforms with duty cycles of 0% and 100%. if the counter is cleared by compare match with grb, and gra is set to a higher value than grb, the duty cycle is 0%. if the counter is cleared by compare match with gra, and grb is set to a higher value than gra, the duty cycle is 100%. 16tcnt value counter cleared by compare match b time grb gra tioca a. 0% duty cycle (toa=0) 16tcnt value counter cleared by compare match a time gra grb tioca b. 100% duty cycle (toa=1) write to gra write to gra write to grb write to grb h'0000 h'0000 figure 9.28 pwm mode (example 2) 354 9.4.5 phase counting mode in phase counting mode the phase difference between two external clock inputs (at the tclka and tclkb pins) is detected, and 16tcnt2 counts up or down accordingly. in phase counting mode, the tclka and tclkb pins automatically function as external clock input pins and 16tcnt2 becomes an up/down-counter, regardless of the settings of bits tpsc2 to tpsc0, ckeg1, and ckeg0 in 16tcr2. settings of bits cclr1, cclr0 in 16tcr2, and settings in tior2, tisra, tisrb, tisrc, setting of str2 bit in tstr, gra2, and grb2 are valid. the input capture and output compare functions can be used, and interrupts can be generated. phase counting is available only in channel 2. sample setup procedure for phase counting mode: figure 9.29 shows a sample procedure for setting up phase counting mode. phase counting mode select phase counting mode select flag setting condition start counter 1 2 3 phase counting mode 1. 2. 3. set the mdf bit in tmdr to 1 to select phase counting mode. select the flag setting condition with the fdir bit in tmdr. set the str2 bit to 1 in tstr to start the timer counter. figure 9.29 setup procedure for phase counting mode (example) 355 example of phase counting mode: figure 9.30 shows an example of operations in phase counting mode. table 9.5 lists the up-counting and down-counting conditions for 16tcnt2. in phase counting mode both the rising and falling edges of tclka and tclkb are counted. the phase difference between tclka and tclkb must be at least 1.5 states, the phase overlap must also be at least 1.5 states, and the pulse width must be at least 2.5 states. 16tcnt2 value counting up counting down tclkb tclka figure 9.30 operation in phase counting mode (example) table 9.5 up/down counting conditions counting direction up-counting down-counting tclkb pin high low high low tclka pin low high low high tclka tclkb phase difference phase difference pulse width pulse width overlap overlap phase difference and overlap: pulse width: at least 1.5 states at least 2.5 states figure 9.31 phase difference, overlap, and pulse width in phase counting mode 356 9.4.6 16-bit timer output timing the initial value of 16-bit timer output when a timer count operation begins can be specified arbitrarily by making a setting in tolr. figure 9.32 shows the timing for setting the initial value with tolr. only write to tolr when the corresponding bit in tstr is cleared to 0. t 1 tolr address n n t 2 t 3 address bus f tolr 16-bit timer output pin figure 9.32 timing for setting 16-bit timer output level by writing to tolr 357 9.5 interrupts the 16-bit timer has two types of interrupts: input capture/compare match interrupts, and overflow interrupts. 9.5.1 setting of status flags timing of setting of imfa and imfb at compare match: imfa and imfb are set to 1 by a compare match signal generated when 16tcnt matches a general register (gr). the compare match signal is generated in the last state in which the values match (when 16tcnt is updated from the matching count to the next count). therefore, when 16tcnt matches a general register, the compare match signal is not generated until the next 16tcnt clock input. figure 9.33 shows the timing of the setting of imfa and imfb. f 16tcnt gr imf imi 16tcnt input clock compare match signal n n + 1 n figure 9.33 timing of setting of imfa and imfb by compare match 358 timing of setting of imfa and imfb by input capture: imfa and imfb are set to 1 by an input capture signal. the 16tcnt contents are simultaneously transferred to the corresponding general register. figure 9.34 shows the timing. input capture signal n n f imf 16tcnt gr imi figure 9.34 timing of setting of imfa and imfb by input capture 359 timing of setting of overflow flag (ovf): ovf is set to 1 when 16tcnt overflows from h'ffff to h'0000 or underflows from h'0000 to h'ffff. figure 9.35 shows the timing. overflow signal f 16tcnt ovf ovi figure 9.35 timing of setting of ovf 9.5.2 timing of clearing of status flags if the cpu reads a status flag while it is set to 1, then writes 0 in the status flag, the status flag is cleared. figure 9.36 shows the timing. f address imf, ovf tisr write cycle tisr address t 1 t 2 t 3 figure 9.36 timing of clearing of status flags 360 9.5.3 interrupt sources each 16-bit timer channel can generate a compare match/input capture a interrupt, a compare match/input capture b interrupt, and an overflow interrupt. in total there are nine interrupt sources of three kinds, all independently vectored. an interrupt is requested when the interrupt request flag are set to 1. the priority order of the channels can be modified in interrupt priority registers a (ipra). for details see section 5, interrupt controller. table 9.6 lists the interrupt sources. table 9.6 16-bit timer interrupt sources channel interrupt source description priority * 0 imia0 imib0 ovi0 compare match/input capture a0 compare match/input capture b0 overflow 0 high 1 imia1 imib1 ovi1 compare match/input capture a1 compare match/input capture b1 overflow 1 2 imia2 imib2 ovi2 compare match/input capture a2 compare match/input capture b2 overflow 2 low note: * the priority immediately after a reset is indicated. inter-channel priorities can be changed by settings in ipra. 361 9.6 usage notes this section describes contention and other matters requiring special attention during 16-bit timer operations. contention between 16tcnt write and clear: if a counter clear signal occurs in the t 3 state of a 16tcnt write cycle, clearing of the counter takes priority and the write is not performed. see figure 9.37. f address bus internal write signal counter clear signal 16tcnt 16tcnt write cycle 16tcnt address n h'0000 t 1 t 2 t 3 figure 9.37 contention between 16tcnt write and clear 362 contention between 16tcnt word write and increment: if an increment pulse occurs in the t 3 state of a 16tcnt word write cycle, writing takes priority and 16tcnt is not incremented. figure 9.38 shows the timing in this case. f address bus internal write signal 16tcnt input clock 16tcnt n 16tcnt address m 16tcnt write data 16tcnt word write cycle t 1 t 2 t 3 figure 9.38 contention between 16tcnt word write and increment 363 contention between 16tcnt byte write and increment: if an increment pulse occurs in the t 2 or t 3 state of a 16tcnt byte write cycle, writing takes priority and 16tcnt is not incremented. the byte data for which a write was not performed is not incremented, and retains its pre-write value. see figure 9.39, which shows an increment pulse occurring in the t 2 state of a byte write to 16tcnth. f address bus internal write signal 16tcnt input clock 16tcnth 16tcntl 16tcnth byte write cycle t 1 t 2 t 3 n 16tcnth address m 16tcnt write data xx x + 1 figure 9.39 contention between 16tcnt byte write and increment 364 contention between general register write and compare match: if a compare match occurs in the t 3 state of a general register write cycle, writing takes priority and the compare match signal is inhibited. see figure 9.40. f address bus internal write signal 16tcnt gr compare match signal general register write cycle t 1 t 2 t 3 n gr address m n n + 1 general register write data inhibited figure 9.40 contention between general register write and compare match 365 contention between 16tcnt write and overflow or underflow: if an overflow occurs in the t 3 state of a 16tcnt write cycle, writing takes priority and the counter is not incremented. ovf is set to 1.the same holds for underflow. see figure 9.41. f address bus internal write signal 16tcnt input clock overflow signal 16tcnt ovf h'ffff 16tcnt address m 16tcnt write data 16tcnt write cycle t 1 t 2 t 3 figure 9.41 contention between 16tcnt write and overflow 366 contention between general register read and input capture: if an input capture signal occurs during the t 3 state of a general register read cycle, the value before input capture is read. see figure 9.42. f address bus internal read signal input capture signal gr internal data bus gr address x general register read cycle t 1 t 2 t 3 xm figure 9.42 contention between general register read and input capture 367 contention between counter clearing by input capture and counter increment: if an input capture signal and counter increment signal occur simultaneously, the counter is cleared according to the input capture signal. the counter is not incremented by the increment signal. the value before the counter is cleared is transferred to the general register. see figure 9.43. f input capture signal counter clear signal 16tcnt input clock 16tcnt gr n n h'0000 figure 9.43 contention between counter clearing by input capture and counter increment 368 contention between general register write and input capture: if an input capture signal occurs in the t 3 state of a general register write cycle, input capture takes priority and the write to the general register is not performed. see figure 9.44. f address bus internal write signal input capture signal 16tcnt gr m gr address general register write cycle t 1 t 2 t 3 m figure 9.44 contention between general register write and input capture 369 note on waveform period setting: when a counter is cleared by compare match, the counter is cleared in the last state at which the 16tcnt value matches the general register value, at the time when this value would normally be updated to the next count. the actual counter frequency is therefore given by the following formula: f = f (n+1) (f: counter frequency. f : system clock frequency. n: value set in general register.) note on writes in synchronized operation: when channels are synchronized, if a 16tcnt value is modified by byte write access, all 16 bits of all synchronized counters assume the same value as the counter that was addressed. (example) when channels 1 and 2 are synchronized ? byte write to channel 1 or byte write to channel 2 16tcnt1 16tcnt2 w y x z 16tcnt1 16tcnt2 a a x x 16tcnt1 16tcnt2 y y a a 16tcnt1 16tcnt2 w y x z 16tcnt1 16tcnt2 a a b b ? word write to channel 1 or word write to channel 2 upper byte lower byte upper byte lower byte upper byte lower byte upper byte lower byte upper byte lower byte write a to upper byte of channel 1 write a to lower byte of channel 2 write ab word to channel 1 or 2 370 16-bit timer operating modes table 9.7 (a) 16-bit timer operating modes (channel 0) register settings tsnc tmdr tior0 16tcr0 synchro- clear clock operating mode nization mdf fdir pwm ioa iob select select synchronous preset sync0 = 1 pwm mode pwm0 = 1 * output compare a pwm0 = 0 ioa2 = 0 other bits unrestricted output compare b iob2 = 0 other bits unrestricted input capture a pwm0 = 0 ioa2 = 1 other bits unrestricted input capture b pwm0 = 0 iob2 = 1 other bits unrestricted counter by compare cclr1 = 0 clearing match/input cclr0 = 1 capture a by compare cclr1 = 1 match/input cclr0 = 0 capture b syn- sync0 = 1 cclr1 = 1 chronous cclr0 = 1 clear legend: setting available (valid). ?setting does not affect this mode. note: * the input capture function cannot be used in pwm mode. if compare match a and compare match b occur simultaneously, the compare match signal is inhibited. 371 table 9.7 (b) 16-bit timer operating modes (channel 1) register settings tsnc tmdr tior1 16tcr1 synchro- clear clock operating mode nization mdf fdir pwm ioa iob select select synchronous preset sync1 = 1 pwm mode pwm1 = 1 output compare a pwm1 = 0 ioa2 = 0 other bits unrestricted output compare b iob2 = 0 other bits unrestricted input capture a pwm1 = 0 ioa2 = 1 other bits unrestricted input capture b pwm1 = 0 iob2 = 1 other bits unrestricted counter by compare cclr1 = 0 clearing match/input cclr0 = 1 capture a by compare cclr1 = 1 match/input cclr0 = 0 capture b syn- sync1 = 1 cclr1 = 1 chronous cclr0 = 1 clear legend: setting available (valid). ?setting does not affect this mode. note: * the input capture function cannot be used in pwm mode. if compare match a and compare match b occur simultaneously, the compare match signal is inhibited. * 372 table 9.7 (c) 16-bit timer operating modes (channel 2) register settings tsnc tmdr tior2 16tcr2 synchro- clear clock operating mode nization mdf fdir pwm ioa iob select select synchronous preset sync2 = 1 pwm mode pwm2 = 1 * output compare a pwm2 = 0 ioa2 = 0 other bits unrestricted output compare b iob2 = 0 other bits unrestricted input capture a pwm2 = 0 ioa2 = 1 other bits unrestricted input capture b pwm2 = 0 iob2 = 1 other bits unrestricted counter by compare cclr1 = 0 clearing match/input cclr0 = 1 capture a by compare cclr1 = 1 match/input cclr0 = 0 capture b syn- sync2 = 1 cclr1 = 1 chronous cclr0 = 1 clear phase counting mdf = 1 mode legend: setting available (valid). ?setting does not affect this mode. note: * the input capture function cannot be used in pwm mode. if compare match a and compare match b occur simultaneously, the compare match signal is inhibited. 373 section 10 8-bit timers 10.1 overview the h8/3068f has a built-in 8-bit timer module with four channels (tmr0, tmr1, tmr2, and tmr3), based on 8-bit counters. each channel has an 8-bit timer counter (8tcnt) and two 8-bit time constant registers (tcora and tcorb) that are constantly compared with the 8tcnt value to detect compare match events. the timers can be used as multifunctional timers in a variety of applications, including the generation of a rectangular-wave output with an arbitrary duty cycle. 10.1.1 features the features of the 8-bit timer module are listed below. selection of four clock sources the counters can be driven by one of three internal clock signals ( f /8, f /64, or f /8192) or an external clock input (enabling use as an external event counter). selection of three ways to clear the counters the counters can be cleared on compare match a or b, or input capture b. timer output controlled by two compare match signals the timer output signal in each channel is controlled by two independent compare match signals, enabling the timer to generate output waveforms with an arbitrary duty cycle or pwm output. a/d converter can be activated by a compare match two channels can be cascaded ? channels 0 and 1 can be operated as the upper and lower halves of a 16-bit timer (16-bit count mode). ? channels 2 and 3 can be operated as the upper and lower halves of a 16-bit timer (16-bit count mode). ? channel 1 can count channel 0 compare match events (compare match count mode). ? channel 3 can count channel 2 compare match events (compare match count mode). input capture function can be set 8-bit or 16-bit input capture operation is available. 374 twelve interrupt sources there are twelve interrupt sources: four compare match sources, four compare match/input capture sources, four overflow sources. two of the compare match sources and two of the combined compare match/input capture sources each have an independent interrupt vector. the remaining compare match interrupts, combined compare match/input capture interrupts, and overflow interrupts have one interrupt vector for two sources. 375 10.1.2 block diagram the 8-bit timers are divided into two groups of two channels each: group 0 comprising channels 0 and 1, and group 1 comprising channels 2 and 3. figure 10.1 shows a block diagram of 8-bit timer group 0. f /8 f /64 f /8192 cmia0 cmib0 cmia1/cmib1 ovi0/ovi1 interrupt signals tmo 0 tmio 1 tcora0 tcorb0 8tcsr0 8tcr0 tcora1 8tcnt1 tcorb1 8tcsr1 8tcr1 tclka tclkc 8tcnt0 legend: tcora: time constant register a tcorb: time constant register b 8tcnt: timer counter 8tcsr: timer control/status register 8tcr: timer control register external clock sources internal clock sources clock select control logic clock 1 clock 0 compare match a1 compare match a0 overflow 1 overflow 0 compare match b1 compare match b0 input capture b1 comparator a0 comparator a1 comparator b0 comparator b1 internal bus figure 10.1 block diagram of 8-bit timer unit (two channels: group 0) 376 10.1.3 pin configuration table 10.1 summarizes the input/output pins of the 8-bit timer module. table 10.1 8-bit timer pins group channel name abbreviation i/o function 0 0 timer output tmo 0 output compare match output timer clock input tclkc input counter external clock input 1 timer input/output tmio 1 i/o compare match output/input capture input timer clock input tclka input counter external clock input 1 2 timer output tmo 2 output compare match output timer clock input tclkd input counter external clock input 3 timer input/output tmio 3 i/o compare match output/input capture input timer clock input tclkb input counter external clock input 377 10.1.4 register configuration table 10.2 summarizes the registers of the 8-bit timer module. table 10.2 8-bit timer registers channel address * 1 name abbreviation r/w initial value 0 h'fff80 timer control register 0 8tcr0 r/w h'00 h'fff82 timer control/status register 0 8tcsr0 r/(w) * 2 h'00 h'fff84 time constant register a0 tcora0 r/w h'ff h'fff86 time constant register b0 tcorb0 r/w h'ff h'fff88 timer counter 0 8tcnt0 r/w h'00 1 h'fff81 timer control register 1 8tcr1 r/w h'00 h'fff83 timer control/status register 1 8tcsr1 r/(w) * 2 h'00 h'fff85 time constant register a1 tcora1 r/w h'ff h'fff87 time constant register b1 tcorb1 r/w h'ff h'fff89 timer counter 1 8tcnt1 r/w h'00 2 h'fff90 timer control register 2 8tcr2 r/w h'00 h'fff92 timer control/status register 2 8tcsr2 r/(w) * 2 h'10 h'fff94 time constant register a2 tcora2 r/w h'ff h'fff96 time constant register b2 tcorb2 r/w h'ff h'fff98 timer counter 2 8tcnt2 r/w h'00 3 h'fff91 timer control register 3 8tcr3 r/w h'00 h'fff93 timer control/status register 3 8tcsr3 r/(w) * 2 h'00 h'fff95 time constant register a3 tcora3 r/w h'ff h'fff97 time constant register b3 tcorb3 r/w h'ff h'fff99 timer counter 3 8tcnt3 r/w h'00 notes: * 1 indicates the lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 only 0 can be written to bits 7 to 5, to clear these flags. each pair of registers for channel 0 and channel 1 comprises a 16-bit register with the channel 0 register as the upper 8 bits and the channel 1 register as the lower 8 bits, so they can be accessed together by word access. similarly, each pair of registers for channel 2 and channel 3 comprises a 16-bit register with the channel 2 register as the upper 8 bits and the channel 3 register as the lower 8 bits, so they can be accessed together by word access. 378 10.2 register descriptions 10.2.1 timer counters (8tcnt) 15 0 r/w bit initial value read/write 14 0 r/w bit initial value read/write 13 0 r/w 12 0 r/w 11 0 r/w 10 0 r/w 9 0 r/w 8 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 0 r/w 8tcnt0 8tcnt1 15 0 r/w 14 0 r/w 13 0 r/w 12 0 r/w 11 0 r/w 10 0 r/w 9 0 r/w 8 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 0 r/w 8tcnt2 8tcnt3 the timer counters (8tcnt) are 8-bit readable/writable up-counters that increment on pulses generated from an internal or external clock source. the clock source is selected by clock select bits 2 to 0 (cks2 to cks0) in the timer control register (8tcr). the cpu can always read or write to the timer counters. the 8tcnt0 and 8tcnt1 pair, and the 8tcnt2 and 8tcnt3 pair, can each be accessed as a 16-bit register by word access. 8tcnt can be cleared by an input capture signal or compare match signal. counter clear bits 1 and 0 (cclr1 and cclr0) in 8tcr select the method of clearing. when 8tcnt overflows from h'ff to h'00, the overflow flag (ovf) in the timer control/status register (8tcsr) is set to 1. each 8tcnt is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. 379 10.2.2 time constant registers a (tcora) tcora0 to tcora3 are 8-bit readable/writable registers. 15 1 r/w 14 1 r/w 13 1 r/w 12 1 r/w 11 1 r/w 10 1 r/w 9 1 r/w 8 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 1 r/w tcora0 tcora1 15 1 r/w 14 1 r/w 13 1 r/w 12 1 r/w 11 1 r/w 10 1 r/w 9 1 r/w 8 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 1 r/w tcora2 tcora3 bit initial value read/write bit initial value read/write the tcora0 and tcora1 pair, and the tcora2 and tcora3 pair, can each be accessed as a 16-bit register by word access. the tcora value is constantly compared with the 8tcnt value. when a match is detected, the corresponding compare match flag a (cmfa) is set to 1 in 8tcsr. the timer output can be freely controlled by these compare match signals and the settings of output select bits 1 and 0 (os1, os0) in 8tcsr. each tcora register is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in standby mode. 380 10.2.3 time constant registers b (tcorb) 15 1 r/w 14 1 r/w 13 1 r/w 12 1 r/w 11 1 r/w 10 1 r/w 9 1 r/w 8 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 1 r/w tcorb0 tcorb1 15 1 r/w 14 1 r/w 13 1 r/w 12 1 r/w 11 1 r/w 10 1 r/w 9 1 r/w 8 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 1 r/w tcorb2 tcorb3 bit initial value read/write bit initial value read/write tcorb0 to tcorb3 are 8-bit readable/writable registers. the tcorb0 and tcorb1 pair, and the tcorb2 and tcorb3 pair, can each be accessed as a 16-bit register by word access. the tcorb value is constantly compared with the 8tcnt value. when a match is detected, the corresponding compare match flag b (cmfb) is set to 1 in 8tcsr*. the timer output can be freely controlled by these compare match signals and the settings of output/input capture edge select bits 3 and 2 (ois3, ois2) in 8tcsr. when tcorb is used for input capture, it stores the 8tcnt value on detection of an external input capture signal. at this time, the cmfb flag is set to 1 in the corresponding 8tcsr register. the detected edge of the input capture signal is set in 8tcsr. each tcorb register is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in standby mode. note: * when channel 1 and channel 3 are designated for tcorb input capture, the cmfb flag is not set by a channel 0 or channel 2 compare match b. 381 10.2.4 timer control register (8tcr) 7 cmieb 0 r/w 6 cmiea 0 r/w 5 ovie 0 r/w 4 cclr1 0 r/w 3 cclr0 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w bit initial value read/write 8tcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the 8tcnt input clock, gives the 8tcnt clearing specification, and enables interrupt requests. 8tcr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. for the timing, see section 10.4, operation. bit 7?ompare match interrupt enable b (cmieb): enables or disables the cmib interrupt request when the cmfb flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr. bit 7 cmieb description 0 cmib interrupt requested by cmfb is disabled (initial value) 1 cmib interrupt requested by cmfb is enabled bit 6?ompare match interrupt enable a (cmiea): enables or disables the cmia interrupt request when the cmfa flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr. bit 6 cmiea description 0 cmia interrupt requested by cmfa is disabled (initial value) 1 cmia interrupt requested by cmfa is enabled bit 5?imer overflow interrupt enable (ovie): enables or disables the ovi interrupt request when the ovf flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr. bit 5 ovie description 0 ovi interrupt requested by ovf is disabled (initial value) 1 ovi interrupt requested by ovf is enabled 382 bits 4 and 3?ounter clear 1 and 0 (cclr1, cclr0): these bits specify the 8tcnt clearing source. compare match a or b, or input capture b, can be selected as the clearing source. bit 4 cclr1 bit 3 cclr0 description 0 0 clearing is disabled (initial value) 1 cleared by compare match a 1 0 cleared by compare match b/input capture b 1 cleared by input capture b note: when input capture b is set as the 8tcnt1 and 8tcnt3 counter clear source, 8tcnt0 and 8tcnt2 are not cleared by compare match b. bits 2 to 0?lock select 2 to 0 (csk2 to csk0): these bits select whether the clock input to 8tcnt is an internal or external clock. three internal clocks can be selected, all divided from the system clock ( f ): f /8, f /64, and f /8192. the rising edge of the selected internal clock triggers the count. when use of an external clock is selected, three types of count can be selected: at the rising edge, the falling edge, and both rising and falling edges. when cks2, cks1, cks0 = 1, 0, 0, channels 0 and 1 and channels 2 and 3 are cascaded. the incrementing clock source is different when 8tcr0 and 8tcr2 are set, and when 8tcr1 and 8tcr3 are set. 383 bit 2 csk2 bit 1 csk1 bit 0 csk0 description 0 0 0 clock input disabled (initial value) 1 internal clock, counted on falling edge of f /8 1 0 internal clock, counted on falling edge of f /64 1 internal clock, counted on falling edge of f /8192 1 0 0 channel 0 (16-bit count mode): count on 8tcnt1 overflow signal * 1 channel 1 (compare match count mode): count on 8tcnt0 compare match a * 1 channel 2 (16-bit count mode): count on 8tcnt3 overflow signal * 2 channel 3 (compare match count mode): count on 8tcnt2 compare match a * 2 1 external clock, counted on rising edge 1 0 external clock, counted on falling edge 1 external clock, counted on both rising and falling edges notes: * 1 if the clock input of channel 0 is the 8tcnt1 overflow signal and that of channel 1 is the 8tcnt0 compare match signal, no incrementing clock is generated. do not use this setting. * 2 if the clock input of channel 2 is the 8tcnt3 overflow signal and that of channel 3 is the 8tcnt2 compare match signal, no incrementing clock is generated. do not use this setting. 384 10.2.5 timer control/status registers (8tcsr) 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) * 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) * 5 ovf 0 r/(w) * 4 1 3 ois3 0 r/w 0 os0 0 r/w 2 ois2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w 8tcsr2 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) * 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) * 5 ovf 0 r/(w) * 4 0 r/w 3 ois3 0 r/w 0 os0 0 r/w 2 ois2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w 8tcsr0 adte bit initial value read/write bit initial value read/write 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) * 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) * 5 ovf 0 r/(w) * 4 ice 0 r/w 3 ois3 0 r/w 0 os0 0 r/w 2 ois2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w 8tcsr1, 8tcsr3 note: * only 0 can be written to bits 7 to 5, to clear these flags. bit initial value read/write the timer control/status registers 8tcsr are 8-bit registers that indicate compare match/input capture and overflow statuses, and control compare match output/input capture edge selection. 8tcsr2 is initialized to h'10, and 8tcsr0, 8tcsr1, and 8tcsr3 to h'00, by a reset and in standby mode. 385 bit 7?ompare match/input capture flag b (cmfb): status flag that indicates the occurrence of a tcorb compare match or input capture. bit 7 cmfb description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read cmfb when cmfb = 1, then write 0 in cmfb 1 [setting conditions] 8tcnt = tcorb * the 8tcnt value is transferred to tcorb by an input capture signal when tcorb functions as an input capture register note: * when bit ice is set to 1 in 8tcsr1 and 8tcsr3, the cmfb flag is not set when 8tcnt0 = tcorb0 or 8tcnt2 = tcorb2. bit 6?ompare match flag a (cmfa): status flag that indicates the occurrence of a tcora compare match. bit 6 cmfa description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read cmfa when cmfa = 1, then write 0 in cmfa 1 [setting condition] 8tcnt = tcora bit 5?imer overflow flag (ovf): status flag that indicates that the 8tcnt has overflowed from h'ff to h'00. bit 5 ovf description 0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read ovf when ovf = 1, then write 0 in ovf 1 [setting condition] 8tcnt overflows from h'ff to h'00 386 bit 4?/d trigger enable (adte) (in 8tcsr0): in combination with trge in the a/d control register (adcr), enables or disables a/d converter start requests by compare match a or an external trigger. trge * bit 4 adte description 0 0 a/d converter start requests by compare match a or external trigger pin ( adtrg ) input are disabled (initial value) 1 a/d converter start requests by compare match a or external trigger pin ( adtrg ) input are disabled 1 0 a/d converter start requests by external trigger pin ( adtrg ) input are enabled, and a/d converter start requests by compare match a are disabled 1 a/d converter start requests by compare match a are enabled, and a/d converter start requests by external trigger pin ( adtrg ) input are disabled note: * trge is bit 7 of the a/d control register (adcr). bit 4?eserved (in 8tcsr1): this bit is a reserved bit, but can be read and written. bit 4?nput capture enable (ice) (in 8tcsr1 and 8tcsr3): selects the function of tcorb1 and tcorb3. bit 4 ice description 0 tcorb1 and tcorb3 are compare match registers (initial value) 1 tcorb1 and tcorb3 are input capture registers when bit ice is set to 1 in 8tcsr1 or 8tcsr3, the operation of the tcora and tcorb registers in channels 0 to 3 is as shown in the tables below. 387 table 10.3 operation of channels 0 and 1 when bit ice is set to 1 in 8tcsr1 register register register function status flag change timer output capture input interrupt request tcora0 compare match operation cmfa changed from 0 to 1 in 8tcsr0 by compare match tmo 0 output controllable cmia0 interrupt request generated by compare match tcorb0 compare match operation cmfb not changed from 0 to 1 in 8tcsr0 by compare match no output from tmo 0 cmib0 interrupt request not generated by compare match tcora1 compare match operation cmfa changed from 0 to 1 in 8tcsr1 by compare match tmio 1 is dedicated input capture pin cmia1 interrupt request generated by compare match tcorb1 input capture operation cmfb changed from 0 to 1 in 8tcsr1 by input capture tmio 1 is dedicated input capture pin cmib1 interrupt request generated by input capture table 10.4 operation of channels 2 and 3 when bit ice is set to 1 in 8tcsr3 register register register function status flag change timer output capture input interrupt request tcora2 compare match operation cmfa changed from 0 to 1 in 8tcsr2 by compare match tmo 2 output controllable cmia2 interrupt request generated by compare match tcorb2 compare match operation cmfb not changed from 0 to 1 in 8tcsr2 by compare match no output from tmo 2 cmib2 interrupt request not generated by compare match tcora3 compare match operation cmfa changed from 0 to 1 in 8tcsr3 by compare match tmio 3 is dedicated input capture pin cmia3 interrupt request generated by compare match tcorb3 input capture operation cmfb changed from 0 to 1 in 8tcsr3 by input capture tmio 3 is dedicated input capture pin cmib3 interrupt request generated by input capture 388 bits 3 and 2?utput/input capture edge select b3 and b2 (ois3, ois2): in combination with the ice bit in 8tcsr1 (8tcsr3), these bits select the compare match b output level or the input capture input detected edge. the function of tcorb1 (tcorb3) depends on the setting of bit 4 of 8tcsr1 (8tcsr3). ice bit in 8tcsr1 (8tcsr3) bit 3 ois3 bit 2 ois2 description 0 0 0 no change when compare match b occurs (initial value) 1 0 is output when compare match b occurs 1 0 1 is output when compare match b occurs 1 output is inverted when compare match b occurs (toggle output) 1 0 0 tcorb input capture on rising edge 1 tcorb input capture on falling edge 1 0 tcorb input capture on both rising and falling edges 1 when the compare match register function is used, the timer output priority order is: toggle output > 1 output > 0 output. if compare match a and b occur simultaneously, the output changes in accordance with the higher-priority compare match. when bits ois3, ois2, os1, and os0 are all cleared to 0, timer output is disabled. bits 1 and 0?output select a1 and a0 (os1, os0): these bits select the compare match a output level. bit 1 os1 bit 0 os0 description 0 0 no change when compare match a occurs (initial value) 1 0 is output when compare match a occurs 1 0 1 is output when compare match a occurs 1 output is inverted when compare match a occurs (toggle output) when the compare match register function is used, the timer output priority order is: toggle output > 1 output > 0 output. if compare match a and b occur simultaneously, the output changes in accordance with the higher-priority compare match. when bits ois3, ois2, os1, and os0 are all cleared to 0, timer output is disabled. 389 10.3 cpu interface 10.3.1 8-bit registers 8tcnt, tcora, tcorb, 8tcr, and 8tcsr are 8-bit registers. these registers are connected to the cpu by an internal 16-bit data bus and can be read and written a word at a time or a byte at a time. figures 10.2 and 10.3 show the operation in word read and write accesses to 8tcnt. figures 10.4 to 10.7 show the operation in byte read and write accesses to 8tcnt0 and 8tcnt1. 8tcnt0 8tcnt1 h l h l c p u internal data bus bus interface module data bus figure 10.2 8tcnt access operation (cpu writes to 8tcnt, word) 8tcnt0 8tcnt1 h l h l c p u internal data bus bus interface module data bus figure 10.3 8tcnt access operation (cpu reads 8tcnt, word) 8tcnth0 8tcntl1 h l h l c p u internal data bus bus interface module data bus figure 10.4 8tcnt0 access operation (cpu writes to 8tcnt0, upper byte) 390 8tcnth0 8tcntl1 h l h l c p u internal data bus bus interface module data bus figure 10.5 8tcnt1 access operation (cpu writes to 8tcnt1, lower byte) 8tcnt0 8tcnt1 h l h l c p u internal data bus bus interface module data bus figure 10.6 8tcnt0 access operation (cpu reads 8tcnt0, upper byte) 8tcnt0 8tcnt1 h l h l c p u internal data bus bus interface module data bus figure 10.7 8tcnt1 access operation (cpu reads 8tcnt1, lower byte) 391 10.4 operation 10.4.1 8tcnt count timing 8tcnt is incremented by input clock pulses (either internal or external). internal clock: three different internal clock signals ( f /8, f /64, or f /8192) divided from the system clock ( f ) can be selected, by setting bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr. figure 10.8 shows the count timing. f 8tcnt ne1 n n+1 internal clock 8tcnt input clock note: even if the same internal clock is selected for the 16-bit timer and the 8-bit timer, the same operation will not be performed since the incrementing edge is different in each case. figure 10.8 count timing for internal clock input external clock: three incrementation methods can be selected by setting bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr: on the rising edge, the falling edge, and both rising and falling edges. the pulse width of the external clock signal must be at least 1.5 system clocks when a single edge is selected, and at least 2.5 system clocks when both edges are selected. shorter pulses will not be counted correctly. figure 10.9 shows the timing for incrementation on both edges of the external clock signal. 392 f 8tcnt ne1 n n+1 external clock input 8tcnt input clock figure 10.9 count timing for external clock input (both-edge detection) 10.4.2 compare match timing timer output timing: when compare match a or b occurs, the timer output is as specified by the ois3, ois2, os1, and os0 bits in 8tcsr (unchanged, 0 output, 1 output, or toggle output). figure 10.10 shows the timing when the output is set to toggle on compare match a. f compare match a signal timer output figure 10.10 timing of timer output 393 clear by compare match: depending on the setting of the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in 8tcr, 8tcnt can be cleared when compare match a or b occurs, figure 10.11 shows the timing of this operation. f n h'00 8tcnt compare match signal figure 10.11 timing of clear by compare match clear by input capture: depending on the setting of the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in 8tcr, 8tcnt can be cleared when input capture b occurs. figure 10.12 shows the timing of this operation. f input capture signal input capture input 8tcnt nh '00 figure 10.12 timing of clear by input capture 10.4.3 input capture signal timing input capture on the rising edge, falling edge, or both edges can be selected by settings in 8tcsr. figure 10.13 shows the timing when the rising edge is selected. the pulse width of the input capture input signal must be at least 1.5 system clocks when a single edge is selected, and at least 2.5 system clocks when both edges are selected. 394 f input capture signal input capture input 8tcnt n tcorb n figure 10.13 timing of input capture input signal 10.4.4 timing of status flag setting timing of cmfa/cmfb flag setting when compare match occurs: the cmfa and cmfb flags in 8tcsr are set to 1 by the compare match signal output when the tcora or tcorb and 8tcnt values match. the compare match signal is generated in the last state of the match (when the matched 8tcnt count value is updated). therefore, after the 8tcnt and tcora or tcorb values match, the compare match signal is not generated until an incrementing clock pulse signal is generated. figure 10.14 shows the timing in this case. f cmf compare match signal 8tcnt n n+1 n tcor figure 10.14 cmf flag setting timing when compare match occurs timing of cmfb flag setting when input capture occurs: on generation of an input capture signal, the cmfb flag is set to 1 and at the same time the 8tcnt value is transferred to tcorb. figure 10.15 shows the timing in this case. 395 f cmfb input capture signal 8tcnt n n tcorb figure 10.15 cmfb flag setting timing when input capture occurs timing of overflow flag (ovf) setting: the ovf flag in 8tcsr is set to 1 by the overflow signal generated when 8tcnt overflows (from h'ff to h'00). figure 10.16 shows the timing in this case. f ovf overflow signal 8tcnt h'ff h'00 figure 10.16 timing of ovf setting 10.4.5 operation with cascaded connection if bits cks2 to cks0 are set to (100) in either 8tcr0 or 8tcr1, the 8-bit timers of channels 0 and 1 are cascaded. with this configuration, the two timers can be used as a single 16-bit timer (16-bit timer mode), or channel 0 8-bit timer compare matches can be counted in channel 1 (compare match count mode). similarly, if bits cks2 to cks0 are set to (100) in either 8tcr2 or 8tcr3, the 8-bit timers of channels 2 and 3 are cascaded. with this configuration, the two timers can be used as a single 16-bit timer (16-bit timer mode),or channel 2 8-bit timer compare matches can be counted in channel 3 (compare match count mode). in this case, the timer operates as below. 396 16-bit count mode channels 0 and 1: when bits cks2 to cks0 are set to (100) in 8tcr0, the timer functions as a single 16-bit timer with channel 0 occupying the upper 8 bits and channel 1 occupying the lower 8 bits. ? setting when compare match occurs the cmfa or cmfb flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr0 when a 16-bit compare match occurs. the cmfa or cmfb flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr1 when a lower 8-bit compare match occurs. tmo 0 pin output control by bits ois3, ois2, os1, and os0 in 8tcsr0 is in accordance with the 16-bit compare match conditions. tmio 1 pin output control by bits ois3, ois2, os1, and os0 in 8tcsr1 is in accordance with the lower 8-bit compare match conditions. ? setting when input capture occurs the cmfb flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr0 and 8tcsr1 when the ice bit is 1 in tcsr1 and input capture occurs. tmio 1 pin input capture input signal edge detection is selected by bits ois3 and ois2 in 8tcsr0. ? counter clear specification if counter clear on compare match or input capture has been selected by the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in 8tcr0, the 16-bit counter (both 8tcnt0 and 8tcnt1) is cleared. the settings of the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in 8tcr1 are ignored. the lower 8 bits cannot be cleared independently. ? ovf flag operation the ovf flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr0 when the 16-bit counter (8tcnt0 and 8tcnt1) overflows (from h'ffff to h'0000). the ovf flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr1 when the 8-bit counter (8tcnt1) overflows (from h'ff to h'00). channels 2 and 3: when bits cks2 to cks0 are set to (100) in 8tcr2, the timer functions as a single 16-bit timer with channel 2 occupying the upper 8 bits and channel 3 occupying the lower 8 bits. ? setting when compare match occurs the cmfa or cmfb flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr2 when a 16-bit compare match occurs. the cmfa or cmfb flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr3 when a lower 8-bit compare match occurs. tmo 2 pin output control by bits ois3, ois2, os1, and os0 in 8tcsr2 is in accordance with the 16-bit compare match conditions. tmio 3 pin output control by bits ois3, ois2, os1, and os0 in 8tcsr3 is in accordance with the lower 8-bit compare match conditions. 397 ? setting when input capture occurs the cmfb flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr2 and 8tcsr3 when the ice bit is 1 in tcsr3 and input capture occurs. tmio 3 pin input capture input signal edge detection is selected by bits ois3 and ois2 in 8tcsr2. ? counter clear specification if counter clear on compare match has been selected by the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in 8tcr2, the 16-bit counter (both 8tcnt2 and 8tcnt3) is cleared. the settings of the cclr1 and cclr0 bits in 8tcr3 are ignored. the lower 8 bits cannot be cleared independently. ? ovf flag operation the ovf flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr2 when the 16-bit counter (8tcnt2 and 8tcnt3) overflows (from h'ffff to h'0000). the ovf flag is set to 1 in 8tcsr3 when the 8-bit counter (8tcnt3) overflows (from h'ff to h'00). compare match count mode channels 0 and 1: when bits cks2 to cks0 are set to (100) in 8tcr1, 8tcnt1 counts channel 0 compare match a events. cmf flag setting, interrupt generation, tmo pin output, counter clearing, and so on, is in accordance with the settings for each channel. note: when bit ice = 1 in 8tcsr1, the compare match register function of tcorb0 in channel 0 cannot be used. channels 2 and 3: when bits cks2 to cks0 are set to (100) in 8tcr3, 8tcnt3 counts channel 2 compare match a events. cmf flag setting, interrupt generation, tmo pin output, counter clearing, and so on, is in accordance with the settings for each channel. note: when bit ice = 1 in 8tcsr3, the compare match register function of tcorb2 in channel 2 cannot be used. caution do not set 16-bit counter mode and compare match count mode simultaneously within the same group, as the 8tcnt input clock will not be generated and the counters will not operate. 398 10.4.6 input capture setting the 8tcnt value can be transferred to tcorb on detection of an input edge on the input capture/output compare pin (tmio 1 or tmio 3 ). rising edge, falling edge, or both edge detection can be selected. in 16-bit count mode, 16-bit input capture can be used. setting input capture operation in 8-bit timer mode (normal operation) channel 1: ? set tcorb1 as an 8-bit input capture register with the ice bit in 8tcsr1. ? select rising edge, falling edge, or both edges as the input edge(s) for the input capture signal (tmio 1 ) with bits ois3 and ois2 in 8tcsr1. ? select the input clock with bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr1, and start the 8tcnt count. channel 3: ? set tcorb3 as an 8-bit input capture register with the ice bit in 8tcsr3. ? select rising edge, falling edge, or both edges as the input edge(s) for the input capture signal (tmio 3 ) with bits ois3 and ois2 in 8tcsr3. ? select the input clock with bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr3, and start the 8tcnt count. note: when tcorb1 in channel 1 is used for input capture, tcorb0 in channel 0 cannot be used as a compare match register. similarly, when tcorb3 in channel 3 is used for input capture, tcorb2 in channel 2 cannot be used as a compare match register. setting input capture operation in 16-bit count mode channels 0 and 1: ? in 16-bit count mode, tcorb0 and tcorb1 function as a 16-bit input capture register when the ice bit is set to 1 in 8tcsr1. ? select rising edge, falling edge, or both edges as the input edge(s) for the input capture signal (tmio 1 ) with bits ois3 and ois2 in 8tcsr0. (in 16-bit count mode, the settings of bits ois3 and ois2 in 8tcsr1 are ignored.) ? select the input clock with bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr1, and start the 8tcnt count. channels 2 and 3: ? in 16-bit count mode, tcorb2 and tcorb3 function as a 16-bit input capture register when the ice bit is set to 1 in 8tcsr3. ? select rising edge, falling edge, or both edges as the input edge(s) for the input capture signal (tmio 3 ) with bits ois3 and ois2 in 8tcsr2. (in 16-bit count mode, the settings of bits ois3 and ois2 in 8tcsr3 are ignored.) ? select the input clock with bits cks2 to cks0 in 8tcr3, and start the 8tcnt count. 399 10.5 interrupt 10.5.1 interrupt sources the 8-bit timer unit can generate three types of interrupt: compare match a and b (cmia and cmib) and overflow (tovi). table 10.5 shows the interrupt sources and their priority order. each interrupt source is enabled or disabled by the corresponding interrupt enable bit in 8tcr. a separate interrupt request signal is sent to the interrupt controller by each interrupt source. table 10.5 types of 8-bit timer interrupt sources and priority order priority interrupt source description high cmia interrupt by cmfa cmib interrupt by cmfb tovi interrupt by ovf low for compare match interrupts cmia1/cmib1 and cmia3/cmib3 and the overflow interrupts (tovi0/tovi1 and tovi2/tovi3), one vector is shared by two interrupts. table 10.6 lists the interrupt sources. table 10.6 8-bit timer interrupt sources channel interrupt source description 0 cmia0 tcora0 compare match cmib0 tcorb0 compare match/input capture 1 cmia1/cmib1 tcora1 compare match, or tcorb1 compare match/input capture 0, 1 tovi0/tovi1 counter 0 or counter 1 overflow 2 cmia2 tcora2 compare match cmib2 tcorb2 compare match/input capture 3 cmia3/cmib3 tcora3 compare match, or tcorb3 compare match/input capture 2, 3 tovi2/tovi3 counter 2 or counter 3 overflow 400 10.5.2 a/d converter activation the a/d converter can only be activated by channel 0 compare match a. if the adte bit setting is 1 when the cmfa flag in 8tcsr0 is set to 1 by generation of channel 0 compare match a, an a/d conversion start request will be issued to the a/d converter. if the trge bit in adcr is 1 at this time, the a/d converter will be started. if the adte bit in 8tcsr0 is 1, a/d converter external trigger pin ( adtrg ) input is disabled. 10.6 8-bit timer application example figure 10.17 shows how the 8-bit timer module can be used to output pulses with any desired duty cycle. the settings for this example are as follows: clear the cclr1 bit to 0 and set the cclr0 bit to 1 in 8tcr so that 8tcnt is cleared by a tcora compare match. set bits ois3, ois2, os1, and os0 to (0110) in 8tcsr so that 1 is output on a tcora compare match and 0 is output on a tcorb compare match. the above settings enable a waveform with the cycle determined by tcora and the pulse width detected by tcorb to be output without software intervention. 8tcnt h'ff counter clear tcora tcorb h'00 tmo figure 10.17 example of pulse output 401 10.7 usage notes note that the following kinds of contention can occur in 8-bit timer operation. 10.7.1 contention between 8tcnt write and clear if a timer counter clear signal occurs in the t 3 state of a 8tcnt write cycle, clearing of the counter takes priority and the write is not performed. figure 10.18 shows the timing in this case. f address bus 8tcnt address internal write signal counter clear signal 8tcnt n h'00 t 1 t 3 t 2 8tcnt write cycle figure 10.18 contention between 8tcnt write and clear 402 10.7.2 contention between 8tcnt write and increment if an increment pulse occurs in the t 3 state of a 8tcnt write cycle, writing takes priority and 8tcnt is not incremented. figure 10.19 shows the timing in this case. f address bus 8 tcnt address internal write signal 8tcnt input clock 8tcnt nm t 1 t 3 t 2 8tcnt write cycle 8tcnt write data figure 10.19 contention between 8tcnt write and increment 403 10.7.3 contention between tcor write and compare match if a compare match occurs in the t 3 state of a tcor write cycle, writing takes priority and the compare match signal is inhibited. figure 10.20 shows the timing in this case. f address bus tcor address internal write signal 8tcnt tcor nm t 1 t 3 t 2 tcor write cycle tcor write data n n+1 compare match signal inhibited figure 10.20 contention between tcor write and compare match 404 10.7.4 contention between tcor read and input capture if an input capture signal occurs in the t 3 state of a tcor read cycle, the value before input capture is read. figure 10.21 shows the timing in this case. f address bus tcorb address internal read signal input capture signal tcorb nm t 1 t 3 t 2 tcorb read cycle internal data bus n figure 10.21 contention between tcor read and input capture 405 10.7.5 contention between counter clearing by input capture and counter increment if an input capture signal and counter increment signal occur simultaneously, counter clearing by the input capture signal takes priority and the counter is not incremented. the value before the counter is cleared is transferred to tcorb. figure 10.22 shows the timing in this case. f counter clear signal 8tcnt internal clock 8tcnt n x h'00 t 1 t 3 t 2 input capture signal tcorb n figure 10.22 contention between counter clearing by input capture and counter increment 406 10.7.6 contention between tcor write and input capture if an input capture signal occurs in the t 3 state of a tcor write cycle, input capture takes priority and the write to tcor is not performed. figure 10.23 shows the timing in this case. f address bus tcor address internal write signal input capture signal 8tcnt m t 1 t 3 t 2 tcor write cycle tcor m x figure 10.23 contention between tcor write and input capture 407 10.7.7 contention between 8tcnt byte write and increment in 16-bit count mode (cascaded connection) if an increment pulse occurs in the t 3 state of an 8tcnt byte write cycle in 16-bit count mode, the counter write takes priority and the byte data for which the write was performed is not incremented. the byte data for which a write was not performed is incremented. figure 10.24 shows the timing when an increment pulse occurs in the t 2 state of a byte write to 8tcnt (upper byte). if an increment pulse occurs in the t 2 state, on the other hand, the increment takes priority. f address bus 8tcnth address internal write signal 8tcnt input clock 8tcnt (upper byte) n n+1 8tcnt write data t 1 t 3 t 2 8tcnt (upper byte) byte write cycle 8tcnt (lower byte) x+1 x figure 10.24 contention between 8tcnt byte write and increment in 16-bit count mode 408 10.7.8 contention between compare matches a and b if compare matches a and b occur at the same time, the 8-bit timer operates according to the relative priority of the output states set for compare match a and compare match b, as shown in table 10.7. table 10.7 timer output priority order priority output setting high toggle output 1 output 0 output no change low 10.7.9 8tcnt operation and internal clock source switchover switching internal clock sources may cause 8tcnt to increment, depending on the switchover timing. table 10.8 shows the relation between the time of the switchover (by writing to bits cks1 and cks0) and the operation of 8tcnt. the 8tcnt input clock is generated from the internal clock source by detecting the rising edge of the internal clock. if a switchover is made from a low clock source to a high clock source, as in case no. 3 in table 10.8, the switchover will be regarded as a falling edge, a 8tcnt clock pulse will be generated, and 8tcnt will be incremented. 8tcnt may also be incremented when switching between internal and external clocks. 409 table 10.8 internal clock switchover and 8tcnt operation no. cks1 and cks0 write timing 8tcnt operation 1 high ? high switchover * 1 old clock source new clock source 8tcnt clock 8tcnt cks bits rewritten n n+1 2 high ? low switchover * 2 old clock source new clock source 8tcnt clock 8tcnt cks bits rewritten n n+1 n+2 3 low ? high switchover * 3 old clock source new clock source 8tcnt clock 8tcnt cks bits rewritten n n+1 n+2 * 4 410 no. cks1 and cks0 write timing 8tcnt operation 4 low ? low switchover * 4 old clock source new clock source 8tcnt clock 8tcnt cks bits rewritten n n+1 n+2 notes: * 1 including switchovers from the high level to the halted state, and from the halted state to the high level. * 2 including switchover from the halted state to the low level. * 3 including switchover from the low level to the halted state. * 4 the switchover is regarded as a rising edge, causing 8tcnt to increment. 411 section 11 programmable timing pattern controller (tpc) 11.1 overview the h8/3068f has a built-in programmable timing pattern controller (tpc) that provides pulse outputs by using the 16-bit timer as a time base. the tpc pulse outputs are divided into 4-bit groups (group 3 to group 0) that can operate simultaneously and independently. 11.1.1 features tpc features are listed below. ? 16-bit output data maximum 16-bit data can be output. tpc output can be enabled on a bit-by-bit basis. ? four output groups output trigger signals can be selected in 4-bit groups to provide up to four different 4-bit outputs. ? selectable output trigger signals output trigger signals can be selected for each group from the compare match signals of three 16-bit timer channels. ? non-overlap mode a non-overlap margin can be provided between pulse outputs. ? can operate together with the dma controller (dmac) the compare-match signals selected as trigger signals can activate the dmac for sequential output of data without cpu intervention. 412 11.1.2 block diagram figure 11.1 shows a block diagram of the tpc. paddr ndera tpmr pbddr nderb tpcr internal data bus tp tp tp tp tp tp 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 control logic 16-bit timer compare match signals pulse output pins, group 3 pbdr padr legend tpmr: tpcr: nderb: ndera: pbddr: paddr: ndrb: ndra: pbdr: padr: pulse output pins, group 2 pulse output pins, group 1 pulse output pins, group 0 tpc output mode register tpc output control register next data enable register b next data enable register a port b data direction register port a data direction register next data register b next data register a port b data register port a data register ndrb ndra tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp figure 11.1 tpc block diagram 413 11.1.3 tpc pins table 11.1 summarizes the tpc output pins. table 11.1 tpc pins name symbol i/o function tpc output 0 tp 0 output group 0 pulse output tpc output 1 tp 1 output tpc output 2 tp 2 output tpc output 3 tp 3 output tpc output 4 tp 4 output group 1 pulse output tpc output 5 tp 5 output tpc output 6 tp 6 output tpc output 7 tp 7 output tpc output 8 tp 8 output group 2 pulse output tpc output 9 tp 9 output tpc output 10 tp 10 output tpc output 11 tp 11 output tpc output 12 tp 12 output group 3 pulse output tpc output 13 tp 13 output tpc output 14 tp 14 output tpc output 15 tp 15 output 414 11.1.4 registers table 11.2 summarizes the tpc registers. table 11.2 tpc registers address * 1 name abbreviation r/w function h'ee009 port a data direction register paddr w h'00 h'fffd9 port a data register padr r/(w) * 2 h'00 h'ee00a port b data direction register pbddr w h'00 h'fffda port b data register pbdr r/(w) * 2 h'00 h'fffa0 tpc output mode register tpmr r/w h'f0 h'fffa1 tpc output control register tpcr r/w h'ff h'fffa2 next data enable register b nderb r/w h'00 h'fffa3 next data enable register a ndera r/w h'00 h'fffa5/ h'fffa7 * 3 next data register a ndra r/w h'00 h'fffa4/ h'fffa6 * 3 next data register b ndrb r/w h'00 notes: * 1 lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 bits used for tpc output cannot be written. * 3 the ndra address is h'fffa5 when the same output trigger is selected for tpc output groups 0 and 1 by settings in tpcr. when the output triggers are different, the ndra address is h'fffa7 for group 0 and h'fffa5 for group 1. similarly, the address of ndrb is h'fffa4 when the same output trigger is selected for tpc output groups 2 and 3 by settings in tpcr. when the output triggers are different, the ndrb address is h'fffa6 for group 2 and h'fffa4 for group 3. 415 11.2 register descriptions 11.2.1 port a data direction register (paddr) paddr is an 8-bit write-only register that selects input or output for each pin in port a. bit initial value read/write 7 pa ddr 0 w port a data direction 7 to 0 these bits select input or output for port a pins 7 6 pa ddr 0 w 6 5 pa ddr 0 w 5 4 pa ddr 0 w 4 3 pa ddr 0 w 3 2 pa ddr 0 w 2 1 pa ddr 0 w 1 0 pa ddr 0 w 0 port a is multiplexed with pins tp 7 to tp 0 . bits corresponding to pins used for tpc output must be set to 1. for further information about paddr, see section 8.11, port a. 11.2.2 port a data register (padr) padr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores tpc output data for groups 0 and 1, when these tpc output groups are used. bit initial value read/write 0 pa 0 r/(w) * 0 1 pa 0 r/(w) * 1 2 pa 0 r/(w) * 2 3 pa 0 r/(w) * 3 4 pa 0 r/(w) * 4 5 pa 0 r/(w) * 5 6 pa 0 r/(w) * 6 7 pa 0 r/(w) * 7 port a data 7 to 0 these bits store output data for tpc output groups 0 and 1 note: * bits selected for tpc output by ndera settings become read-only bits. for further information about padr, see section 8.11, port a. 416 11.2.3 port b data direction register (pbddr) pbddr is an 8-bit write-only register that selects input or output for each pin in port b. bit initial value read/write 0 pb 0 ddr 0 w 1 pb 1 ddr 0 w 2 pb 2 ddr 0 w 3 pb 3 ddr 0 w 4 pb 4 ddr 0 w 5 pb 5 ddr 0 w 6 pb 6 ddr 0 w 7 pb 7 ddr 0 w port b direction 7 to 0 these bits select input or output for port b pins port b is multiplexed with pins tp 15 to tp 8 . bits corresponding to pins used for tpc output must be set to 1. for further information about pbddr, see section 8.12, port b. 11.2.4 port b data register (pbdr) pbdr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores tpc output data for groups 2 and 3, when these tpc output groups are used. bit initial value read/write note: * bits selected for tpc output by nderb settings become read-only bits. 0 pb 0 0 r/(w) * 1 pb 1 0 r/(w) * 2 pb 2 0 r/(w) * 3 pb 3 0 r/(w) * 4 pb 4 0 r/(w) * 5 pb 5 0 r/(w) * 6 pb 6 0 r/(w) * 7 pb 7 0 r/(w) * port b data 7 to 0 these bits store output data for tpc output groups 2 and 3 for further information about pbdr, see section 8.12, port b. 417 11.2.5 next data register a (ndra) ndra is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores the next output data for tpc output groups 1 and 0 (pins tp 7 to tp 0 ). during tpc output, when an 16-bit timer compare match event specified in tpcr occurs, ndra contents are transferred to the corresponding bits in padr. the address of ndra differs depending on whether tpc output groups 0 and 1 have the same output trigger or different output triggers. ndra is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. same trigger for tpc output groups 0 and 1: if tpc output groups 0 and 1 are triggered by the same compare match event, the ndra address is h'fffa5. the upper 4 bits belong to group 1 and the lower 4 bits to group 0. address h'fffa7 consists entirely of reserved bits that cannot be modified and always read 1. address h'fffa5 bit initial value read/write 0 ndr0 0 r/w 1 ndr1 0 r/w 2 ndr2 0 r/w 3 ndr3 0 r/w 4 ndr4 0 r/w 5 ndr5 0 r/w 6 ndr6 0 r/w 7 ndr7 0 r/w next data 7 to 4 these bits store the next output data for tpc output group 1 next data 3 to 0 these bits store the next output data for tpc output group 0 address h'fffa7 bit initial value read/write 0 ? 1 1 ? 1 2 ? 1 3 ? 1 4 ? 1 5 ? 1 6 ? 1 7 1 reserved bits 418 different triggers for tpc output groups 0 and 1: if tpc output groups 0 and 1 are triggered by different compare match events, the address of the upper 4 bits of ndra (group 1) is h'fffa5 and the address of the lower 4 bits (group 0) is h'fffa7. bits 3 to 0 of address h'fffa5 and bits 7 to 4 of address h'fffa7 are reserved bits that cannot be modified and always read 1. address h'fffa5 bit initial value read/write 0 ? 1 ? 1 ? 1 ? 2 ? 1 ? 3 ? 1 ? 4 ndr4 0 r/w 5 ndr5 0 r/w 6 ndr6 0 r/w 7 ndr7 0 r/w next data 7 to 4 these bits store the next output data for tpc output group 1 reserved bits address h'fffa7 bit initial value read/write 0 ndr0 0 r/w 1 ndr1 0 r/w 2 ndr2 0 r/w 3 ndr3 0 r/w 4 ? 1 5 ? 1 6 ? 1 7 ? 1 next data 3 to 0 these bits store the next output data for tpc output group 0 reserved bits 419 11.2.6 next data register b (ndrb) ndrb is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores the next output data for tpc output groups 3 and 2 (pins tp 15 to tp 8 ). during tpc output, when an 16-bit timer compare match event specified in tpcr occurs, ndrb contents are transferred to the corresponding bits in pbdr. the address of ndrb differs depending on whether tpc output groups 2 and 3 have the same output trigger or different output triggers. ndrb is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. same trigger for tpc output groups 2 and 3: if tpc output groups 2 and 3 are triggered by the same compare match event, the ndrb address is h'fffa4. the upper 4 bits belong to group 3 and the lower 4 bits to group 2. address h'fffa6 consists entirely of reserved bits that cannot be modified and always read 1. address h'fffa4 bit initial value read/write 0 ndr8 0 r/w 1 ndr9 0 r/w 2 ndr10 0 r/w 3 ndr11 0 r/w 4 ndr12 0 r/w 5 ndr13 0 r/w 6 ndr14 0 r/w 7 ndr15 0 r/w next data 15 to 12 these bits store the next output data for tpc output group 3 next data 11 to 8 these bits store the next output data for tpc output group 2 address h'fffa6 bit initial value read/write 0 ? 1 1 ? 1 2 ? 1 3 ? 1 4 ? 1 5 ? 1 6 ? 1 7 1 reserved bits 420 different triggers for tpc output groups 2 and 3: if tpc output groups 2 and 3 are triggered by different compare match events, the address of the upper 4 bits of ndrb (group 3) is h'fffa4 and the address of the lower 4 bits (group 2) is h'fffa6. bits 3 to 0 of address h'fffa4 and bits 7 to 4 of address h'fffa6 are reserved bits that cannot be modified and always read 1. address h'fffa4 bit initial value read/write 0 ? 1 ? 1 ? 1 ? 2 ? 1 ? 3 ? 1 ? 4 ndr12 0 r/w 5 ndr13 0 r/w 6 ndr14 0 r/w 7 ndr15 0 r/w next data 15 to 12 these bits store the next output data for tpc output group 3 reserved bits address h'fffa6 bit initial value read/write 0 ndr8 0 r/w 1 ndr9 0 r/w 2 ndr10 0 r/w 3 ndr11 0 r/w 4 ? 1 5 ? 1 6 ? 1 7 ? 1 next data 11 to 8 these bits store the next output data for tpc output group 2 reserved bits 421 11.2.7 next data enable register a (ndera) ndera is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables tpc output groups 1 and 0 (tp 7 to tp 0 ) on a bit-by-bit basis. bit initial value read/write 0 nder0 0 r/w 1 nder1 0 r/w 2 nder2 0 r/w 3 nder3 0 r/w 4 nder4 0 r/w 5 nder5 0 r/w 6 nder6 0 r/w 7 nder7 0 r/w next data enable 7 to 0 these bits enable or disable tpc output groups 1 and 0 if a bit is enabled for tpc output by ndera, then when the 16-bit timer compare match event selected in the tpc output control register (tpcr) occurs, the ndra value is automatically transferred to the corresponding padr bit, updating the output value. if tpc output is disabled, the bit value is not transferred from ndra to padr and the output value does not change. ndera is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 0?ext data enable 7 to 0 (nder7 to nder0): these bits enable or disable tpc output groups 1 and 0 (tp 7 to tp 0 ) on a bit-by-bit basis. bits 7 to 0 nder7 to nder0 description 0 tpc outputs tp 7 to tp 0 are disabled (ndr7 to ndr0 are not transferred to pa 7 to pa 0 ) (initial value) 1 tpc outputs tp 7 to tp 0 are enabled (ndr7 to ndr0 are transferred to pa 7 to pa 0 ) 422 11.2.8 next data enable register b (nderb) nderb is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables tpc output groups 3 and 2 (tp 15 to tp 8 ) on a bit-by-bit basis. bit initial value read/write 0 nder8 0 r/w 1 nder9 0 r/w 2 nder10 0 r/w 3 nder11 0 r/w 4 nder12 0 r/w 5 nder13 0 r/w 6 nder14 0 r/w 7 nder15 0 r/w next data enable 15 to 8 these bits enable or disable tpc output groups 3 and 2 if a bit is enabled for tpc output by nderb, then when the 16-bit timer compare match event selected in the tpc output control register (tpcr) occurs, the ndrb value is automatically transferred to the corresponding pbdr bit, updating the output value. if tpc output is disabled, the bit value is not transferred from ndrb to pbdr and the output value does not change. nderb is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 0?ext data enable 15 to 8 (nder15 to nder8): these bits enable or disable tpc output groups 3 and 2 (tp 15 to tp 8 ) on a bit-by-bit basis. bits 7 to 0 nder15 to nder8 description 0 tpc outputs tp 15 to tp 8 are disabled (ndr15 to ndr8 are not transferred to pb 7 to pb 0 ) (initial value) 1 tpc outputs tp 15 to tp 8 are enabled (ndr15 to ndr8 are transferred to pb 7 to pb 0 ) 423 11.2.9 tpc output control register (tpcr) tpcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects output trigger signals for tpc outputs on a group-by-group basis. bit initial value read/write 0 g0cms0 1 r/w 1 g0cms1 1 r/w 2 g1cms0 1 r/w 3 g1cms1 1 r/w 4 g2cms0 1 r/w 5 g2cms1 1 r/w 6 g3cms0 1 r/w 7 g3cms1 1 r/w group 3 compare match select 1 and 0 these bits select the compare match event that triggers tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ) group 2 compare match select 1 and 0 these bits select the compare match event that triggers tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ) group 1 compare match select 1 and 0 these bits select the compare match event that triggers tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ) group 0 compare match select 1 and 0 these bits select the compare match event that triggers tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ) tpcr is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. 424 bits 7 and 6?roup 3 compare match select 1 and 0 (g3cms1, g3cms0): these bits select the compare match event that triggers tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ). bit 7 g3cms1 bit 6 g3cms0 description 0 0 tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 0 1 tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 1 1 0 tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 1 tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 (initial value) bits 5 and 4?roup 2 compare match select 1 and 0 (g2cms1, g2cms0): these bits select the compare match event that triggers tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ). bit 5 g2cms1 bit 4 g2cms0 description 0 0 tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 0 1 tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 1 1 0 tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 1 tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 (initial value) 425 bits 3 and 2?roup 1 compare match select 1 and 0 (g1cms1, g1cms0): these bits select the compare match event that triggers tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ). bit 3 g1cms1 bit 2 g1cms0 description 0 0 tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 0 1 tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 1 1 0 tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 1 tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 (initial value) bits 1 and 0?roup 0 compare match select 1 and 0 (g0cms1, g0cms0): these bits select the compare match event that triggers tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ). bit 1 g0cms1 bit 0 g0cms0 description 0 0 tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 0 1 tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 1 1 0 tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 1 tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 (initial value) 426 11.2.10 tpc output mode register (tpmr) tpmr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects normal or non-overlapping tpc output for each group. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 g3nov 0 r/w 0 g0nov 0 r/w 2 g2nov 0 r/w 1 g1nov 0 r/w group 3 non-overlap selects non-overlapping tpc output for group 3 (tp to tp ) reserved bits group 2 non-overlap selects non-overlapping tpc output for group 2 (tp to tp ) group 1 non-overlap selects non-overlapping tpc output for group 1 (tp to tp ) group 0 non-overlap selects non-overlapping tpc output for group 0 (tp to tp ) 15 12 11 8 74 30 the output trigger period of a non-overlapping tpc output waveform is set in general register b (grb) in the 16-bit timer channel selected for output triggering. the non-overlap margin is set in general register a (gra). the output values change at compare match a and b. for details see section 11.3.4, non-overlapping tpc output. tpmr is initialized to h'f0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 4?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. 427 bit 3?roup 3 non-overlap (g3nov): selects normal or non-overlapping tpc output for group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ). bit 3 g3nov description 0 normal tpc output in group 3 (output values change at compare match a in the selected 16-bit timer channel) (initial value) 1 non-overlapping tpc output in group 3 (independent 1 and 0 output at compare match a and b in the selected 16-bit timer channel) bit 2?roup 2 non-overlap (g2nov): selects normal or non-overlapping tpc output for group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ). bit 2 g2nov description 0 normal tpc output in group 2 (output values change at compare match a in the selected 16-bit timer channel) (initial value) 1 non-overlapping tpc output in group 2 (independent 1 and 0 output at compare match a and b in the selected 16-bit timer channel) bit 1?roup 1 non-overlap (g1nov): selects normal or non-overlapping tpc output for group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ). bit 1 g1nov description 0 normal tpc output in group 1 (output values change at compare match a in the selected 16-bit timer channel) (initial value) 1 non-overlapping tpc output in group 1 (independent 1 and 0 output at compare match a and b in the selected 16-bit timer channel) bit 0?roup 0 non-overlap (g0nov): selects normal or non-overlapping tpc output for group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ). bit 0 g0nov description 0 normal tpc output in group 0 (output values change at compare match a in the selected 16-bit timer channel) (initial value) 1 non-overlapping tpc output in group 0 (independent 1 and 0 output at compare match a and b in the selected 16-bit timer channel) 428 11.3 operation 11.3.1 overview when corresponding bits in paddr or pbddr and ndera or nderb are set to 1, tpc output is enabled. the tpc output initially consists of the corresponding padr or pbdr contents. when a compare-match event selected in tpcr occurs, the corresponding ndra or ndrb bit contents are transferred to padr or pbdr to update the output values. figure 11.2 illustrates the tpc output operation. table 11.3 summarizes the tpc operating conditions. ddr nder qq tpc output pin dr ndr c qd qd internal data bus output trigger signal figure 11.2 tpc output operation table 11.3 tpc operating conditions nder ddr pin function 0 0 generic input port 1 generic output port 1 0 generic input port (but the dr bit is a read-only bit, and when compare match occurs, the ndr bit value is transferred to the dr bit) 1 tpc pulse output sequential output of up to 16-bit patterns is possible by writing new output data to ndra and ndrb before the next compare match. for information on non-overlapping operation, see section 11.3.4, non-overlapping tpc output. 429 11.3.2 output timing if tpc output is enabled, ndra/ndrb contents are transferred to padr/pbdr and output when the selected compare match event occurs. figure 11.3 shows the timing of these operations for the case of normal output in groups 2 and 3, triggered by compare match a. f tcnt gra compare match a signal ndrb pbdr tp to tp 815 n n n m m n + 1 n n figure 11.3 timing of transfer of next data register contents and output (example) 430 11.3.3 normal tpc output sample setup procedure for normal tpc output: figure 11.4 shows a sample procedure for setting up normal tpc output. normal tpc output set next tpc output data compare match? no yes set next tpc output data 16-bit timer setup 16-bit timer setup port and tpc setup 10 11 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. set tior to make gra an output compare register (with output inhibited). set the tpc output trigger period. select the counter clock source with bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in tcr. select the counter clear source with bits cclr1 and cclr0. enable the imfa interrupt in tier. the dmac can also be set up to transfer data to the next data register. set the initial output values in the dr bits of the input/output port pins to be used for tpc output. set the ddr bits of the input/output port pins to be used for tpc output to 1. set the nder bits of the pins to be used for tpc output to 1. select the 16-bit timer compare match event to be used as the tpc output trigger in tpcr. set the next tpc output values in the ndr bits. set the str bit to 1 in tstr to start the timer counter. at each imfa interrupt, set the next output values in the ndr bits. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 select gr functions set gra value select counting operation select interrupt request start counter set initial output data select port output enable tpc output select tpc output trigger figure 11.4 setup procedure for normal tpc output (example) 431 example of normal tpc output (example of five-phase pulse output): figure 11.5 shows an example in which the tpc is used for cyclic five-phase pulse output. gra h'0000 ndrb pbdr tp 15 tp 14 tp 13 tp 12 tp 11 time 80 tcnt tcnt value c0 40 60 20 30 10 18 08 88 80 c0 compare match the 16-bit timer channel to be used as the output trigger channel is set up so that gra is an output compare register and the counter will be cleared by compare match a. the trigger period is set in gra. the imiea bit is set to 1 in tier to enable the compare match a interrupt. h'f8 is written in pbddr and nderb, and bits g3cms1, g3cms0, g2cms1, and g2cms0 are set in tpcr to select compare match in the 16-bit timer channel set up in step 1 as the output trigger. output data h'80 is written in ndrb. the timer counter in this 16-bit timer channel is started. when compare match a occurs, the ndrb contents are transferred to pbdr and output. the compare match/input capture a (imfa) interrupt service routine writes the next output data (h'c0) in ndrb. five-phase overlapping pulse output (one or two phases active at a time) can be obtained by writing h'40, h'60, h'20, h'30, h'10, h'18, h'08, h'88?at successive imfa interrupts. if the dmac is set for activation by this interrupt, pulse output can be obtained without loading the cpu. 00 80 c0 40 60 20 30 10 18 08 88 80 c0 40 figure 11.5 normal tpc output example (five-phase pulse output) 432 11.3.4 non-overlapping tpc output sample setup procedure for non-overlapping tpc output: figure 11.6 shows a sample procedure for setting up non-overlapping tpc output. non-overlapping tpc output set next tpc output data compare match a? no yes set next tpc output data start counter 16-bit timer setup 16-bit timer setup port and tpc setup set initial output data set up tpc output enable tpc transfer select tpc transfer trigger select non-overlapping groups 1 2 3 4 12 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. set tior to make gra and grb output compare registers (with output inhibited). set the tpc output trigger period in grb and the non-overlap margin in gra. select the counter clock source with bits tpsc2 to tpsc0 in tcr. select the counter clear source with bits cclr1 and cclr0. enable the imfa interrupt in tisra. the dmac can also be set up to transfer data to the next data register. set the initial output values in the dr bits of the input/output port pins to be used for tpc output. set the ddr bits of the input/output port pins to be used for tpc output to 1. set the nder bits of the pins to be used for tpc output to 1. in tpcr, select the 16-bit timer compare match event to be used as the tpc output trigger. in tpmr, select the groups that will operate in non-overlap mode. set the next tpc output values in the ndr bits. set the str bit to 1 in tstr to start the timer counter. at each imfa interrupt, write the next output value in the ndr bits. select gr functions set gr values select counting operation select interrupt requests figure 11.6 setup procedure for non-overlapping tpc output (example) 433 example of non-overlapping tpc output (example of four-phase complementary non- overlapping output): figure 11.7 shows an example of the use of tpc output for four-phase complementary non-overlapping pulse output. grb h'0000 ndrb pbdr tp 15 tp 14 tp 13 tp 12 tp 11 tp 10 tp 9 tp 8 time 95 00 65 95 59 56 95 65 05 65 41 59 50 56 14 95 05 65 tcnt period is set in grb. the non-overlap margin is set in gra. the imiea bit is set to 1 in tisra to enable imfa interrupts. h'ff is written in pbddr and nderb, and bits g3cms1, g3cms0, g2cms1, and g2cms0 are set in tpcr to select compare match in the 16-bit timer channel set up in step 1 as the output trigger. bits g3nov and g2nov are set to 1 in tpmr to select non-overlapping output. output data h'95 is written in ndrb. tcnt value non-overlap margin the 16-bit timer channel to be used as the output trigger channel is set up so that gra and grb are output compare registers and the counter will be cleared by compare match b. the tpc output trigger the timer counter in this 16-bit timer channel is started. when compare match b occurs, outputs change from 1 to 0. when compare match a occurs, outputs change from 0 to 1 (the change from 0 to 1 is delayed by the value of gra). the imfa interrupt service routine writes the next output data (h'65) in ndrb. four-phase complementary non-overlapping pulse output can be obtained by writing h'59, h'56, h'95 at successive imfa interrupts. if the dmac is set for activation by this interrupt, pulse output can be obtained without loading the cpu. gra figure 11.7 non-overlapping tpc output example (four-phase complementary non-overlapping pulse output) 434 11.3.5 tpc output triggering by input capture tpc output can be triggered by 16-bit timer input capture as well as by compare match. if gra functions as an input capture register in the 16-bit timer channel selected in tpcr, tpc output will be triggered by the input capture signal. figure 11.8 shows the timing. f tioc pin input capture signal ndr dr n n m figure 11.8 tpc output triggering by input capture (example) 435 11.4 usage notes 11.4.1 operation of tpc output pins tp 0 to tp 15 are multiplexed with 16-bit timer, dmac, address bus, and other pin functions. when 16-bit timer, dmac, or address output is enabled, the corresponding pins cannot be used for tpc output. the data transfer from ndr bits to dr bits takes place, however, regardless of the usage of the pin. pin functions should be changed only under conditions in which the output trigger event will not occur. 11.4.2 note on non-overlapping output during non-overlapping operation, the transfer of ndr bit values to dr bits takes place as follows. 1. ndr bits are always transferred to dr bits at compare match a. 2. at compare match b, ndr bits are transferred only if their value is 0. bits are not transferred if their value is 1. figure 11.9 illustrates the non-overlapping tpc output operation. ddr nder qq tpc output pin dr ndr c qd qd compare match a compare match b figure 11.9 non-overlapping tpc output 436 therefore, 0 data can be transferred ahead of 1 data by making compare match b occur before compare match a. ndr contents should not be altered during the interval from compare match b to compare match a (the non-overlap margin). this can be accomplished by having the imfa interrupt service routine write the next data in ndr, or by having the imfa interrupt activate the dmac. the next data must be written before the next compare match b occurs. figure 11.10 shows the timing relationships. compare match a compare match b ndr write ndr ndr write dr 0/1 output 0/1 output 0 output 0 output do not write to ndr in this interval do not write to ndr in this interval write to ndr in this interval write to ndr in this interval figure 11.10 non-overlapping operation and ndr write timing 437 section 12 watchdog timer 12.1 overview the h8/3068f has an on-chip watchdog timer (wdt). the wdt has two selectable functions: it can operate as a watchdog timer to supervise system operation, or it can operate as an interval timer. as a watchdog timer, it generates a reset signal for the h8/3068f chip if a system crash allows the timer counter (tcnt) to overflow before being rewritten. in interval timer operation, an interval timer interrupt is requested at each tcnt overflow. 12.1.1 features wdt features are listed below. ? selection of eight counter clock sources f /2, f /32, f /64, f /128, f /256, f /512, f /2048, or f /4096 ? interval timer option ? timer counter overflow generates a reset signal or interrupt. the reset signal is generated in watchdog timer operation. an interval timer interrupt is generated in interval timer operation. ? watchdog timer reset signal resets the entire h8/3068f internally. the reset signal generated by timer counter overflow during watchdog timer operation resets the entire h8/3068f internally. 438 12.1.2 block diagram figure 12.1 shows a block diagram of the wdt. f /2 f /32 f /64 f /128 f /256 f /512 f /2048 f /4096 tcnt tcsr rstcsr reset control interrupt signal reset (internal, external) (interval timer) interrupt control overflow clock clock selector read/ write control internal data bus internal clock sources legend tcnt: tcsr: rstcsr: timer counter timer control/status register reset control/status register figure 12.1 wdt block diagram 12.1.3 register configuration table 12.1 summarizes the wdt registers. table 12.1 wdt registers address * 1 write * 2 read name abbreviation r/w initial value h'fff8c h'fff8c timer control/status register tcsr r/(w) * 3 h'18 h'fff8d timer counter tcnt r/w h'00 h'fff8e h'fff8f reset control/status register rstcsr r/(w) * 3 h'3f notes: * 1 lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 write word data starting at this address. * 3 only 0 can be written in bit 7, to clear the flag. 439 12.2 register descriptions 12.2.1 timer counter (tcnt) tcnt is an 8-bit readable and writable up-counter. bit initial value read/write note: tcnt is write-protected by a password. for details see section 12.2.4, notes on register access. 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 0 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w when the tme bit is set to 1 in tcsr, tcnt starts counting pulses generated from an internal clock source selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in tcsr. when the count overflows (changes from h'ff to h'00), the ovf bit is set to 1 in tcsr. tcnt is initialized to h'00 by a reset and when the tme bit is cleared to 0. 440 12.2.2 timer control/status register (tcsr) tcsr is an 8-bit readable and writable register. its functions include selecting the timer mode and clock source. bit initial value read/write notes: tcsr is write-protected by a password. for details see section 12.2.4, notes on register access. * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. 7 ovf 0 r/(w) * 6 wt/it 0 r/w 5 tme 0 r/w 4 1 3 1 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w overflow flag status flag indicating overflow clock select these bits select the tcnt clock source timer mode select selects the mode timer enable selects whether tcnt runs or halts reserved bits bits 7 to 5 are initialized to 0 by a reset and in standby mode. bits 2 to 0 are initialized to 0 by a reset. in software standby mode bits 2 to 0 are not initialized, but retain their previous values. 441 bit 7?verflow flag (ovf): this status flag indicates that the timer counter has overflowed from h'ff to h'00. bit 7 ovf description 0 [clearing condition] cleared by reading ovf when ovf = 1, then writing 0 in ovf (initial value) 1 [setting condition] set when tcnt changes from h'ff to h'00 bit 6?imer mode select (wt/ it ): selects whether to use the wdt as a watchdog timer or interval timer. if used as an interval timer, the wdt generates an interval timer interrupt request when tcnt overflows. if used as a watchdog timer, the wdt generates a reset signal when tcnt overflows. bit 6 wt/ it description 0 interval timer: requests interval timer interrupts (initial value) 1 watchdog timer: generates a reset signal bit 5?imer enable (tme): selects whether tcnt runs or is halted. when wt/ it = 1, clear the software standby bit (ssby) to 0 in syscr before setting tme. when setting ssby to 1, tme should be cleared to 0. bit 5 tme description 0 tcnt is initialized to h'00 and halted (initial value) 1 tcnt is counting bits 4 and 3?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. 442 bits 2 to 0?lock select 2 to 0 (cks2/1/0): these bits select one of eight internal clock sources, obtained by prescaling the system clock ( f ), for input to tcnt. bit 2 cks2 bit 1 cks1 bit 0 cks0 description 000 f /2 (initial value) 1 f /32 10 f /64 1 f /128 100 f /256 1 f /512 10 f /2048 1 f /4096 12.2.3 reset control/status register (rstcsr) rstcsr is an 8-bit readable and writable register that indicates when a reset signal has been generated by watchdog timer overflow, and controls external output of the reset signal. bit initial value read/write notes: rstcsr is write-protected by a password. for details see section 12.2.4, notes on register access. * only 0 can be written in bit 7, to clear the flag. 7 wrst 0 r/(w) * 6 0 r/w 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 watchdog timer reset indicates that a reset signal has been generated reserved bits bits 7 and 6 are initialized by input of a reset signal at the res pin. they are not initialized by reset signals generated by watchdog timer overflow. 443 bit 7?atchdog timer reset (wrst): during watchdog timer operation, this bit indicates that tcnt has overflowed and generated a reset signal. this reset signal resets the entire h8/3068f chip internally. bit 7 wrst description 0 [clearing condition] reset signal at res pin. read wrst when wrst =1, then write 0 in wrst. (initial value) 1 [setting condition] set when tcnt overflow generates a reset signal during watchdog timer operation bit 6?eserved bits 5 to 0?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. 12.2.4 notes on register access the watchdog timer? tcnt, tcsr, and rstcsr registers differ from other registers in being more difficult to write. the procedures for writing and reading these registers are given below. writing to tcnt and tcsr: these registers must be written by a word transfer instruction. they cannot be written by byte instructions. figure 12.2 shows the format of data written to tcnt and tcsr. tcnt and tcsr both have the same write address. the write data must be contained in the lower byte of the written word. the upper byte must contain h'5a (password for tcnt) or h'a5 (password for tcsr). this transfers the write data from the lower byte to tcnt or tcsr. 15 8 7 0 h'5a write data address h'fff8c * 15 8 7 0 h'a5 write data address h'fff8c * tcnt write tcsr write note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. figure 12.2 format of data written to tcnt and tcsr 444 writing to rstcsr: rstcsr must be written by a word transfer instruction. it cannot be written by byte transfer instructions. figure 12.3 shows the format of data written to rstcsr. to write 0 in the wrst bit, the write data must have h'a5 in the upper byte and h'00 in the lower byte. the data (h'00) in the lower byte is written to rstcsr, clearing the wrst bit to 0. to write to the rstoe bit, the upper byte must contain h'5a and the lower byte must contain the write data. writing this word transfers a write data value into the rstoe bit. 15 8 7 0 h'a5 h'00 address h'fff8e * 15 8 7 0 h'5a write data address h'fff8e * writing 0 in wrst bit writing to rstoe bit note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. figure 12.3 format of data written to rstcsr reading tcnt, tcsr, and rstcsr: these registers are read like other registers. reading tcnt, tcsr, and rstcsr: these registers are read like other registers. byte transfer instructions can be used. the read addresses are h'fff8c for tcsr, h'fff8d for tcnt, and h'fff8f for rstcsr, as listed in table 12.2. table 12.2 read addresses of tcnt, tcsr, and rstcsr address * register h'fff8c tcsr h'fff8d tcnt h'fff8f rstcsr note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. 445 12.3 operation operations when the wdt is used as a watchdog timer and as an interval timer are described below. 12.3.1 watchdog timer operation figure 12.4 illustrates watchdog timer operation. to use the wdt as a watchdog timer, set the wt/ it and tme bits to 1 in tcsr. software must prevent tcnt overflow by rewriting the tcnt value (normally by writing h'00) before overflow occurs. if tcnt fails to be rewritten and overflows due to a system crash etc., the h8/3068f is internally reset for a duration of 518 states. a watchdog reset has the same vector as a reset generated by input at the res pin. software can distinguish a res reset from a watchdog reset by checking the wrst bit in rstcsr. if a res reset and a watchdog reset occur simultaneously, the res reset takes priority. h'ff h'00 wdt overflow start h'00 written in tcnt reset tme set to 1 h'00 written in tcnt internal reset signal 518 states tcnt count value ovf = 1 figure 12.4 operation in watchdog timer mode 446 12.3.2 interval timer operation figure 12.5 illustrates interval timer operation. to use the wdt as an interval timer, clear bit wt/ it to 0 and set bit tme to 1 in tcsr. an interval timer interrupt request is generated at each tcnt overflow. this function can be used to generate interval timer interrupts at regular intervals. tcnt count value time t interval timer interrupt interval timer interrupt interval timer interrupt interval timer interrupt wt/ = 0 tme = 1 it h'ff h'00 figure 12.5 interval timer operation 447 12.3.3 timing of setting of overflow flag (ovf) figure 12.6 shows the timing of setting of the ovf flag. the ovf flag is set to 1 when tcnt overflows. at the same time, a reset signal is generated in watchdog timer operation, or an interval timer interrupt is generated in interval timer operation. f tcnt overflow signal ovf h'ff h'00 figure 12.6 timing of setting of ovf 448 12.3.4 timing of setting of watchdog timer reset bit (wrst) the wrst bit in rstcsr is valid when bits wt/ it and tme are both set to 1 in tcsr. figure 12.7 shows the timing of setting of wrst and the internal reset timing. the wrst bit is set to 1 when tcnt overflows and ovf is set to 1. at the same time an internal reset signal is generated for the entire h8/3068f chip. this internal reset signal clears ovf to 0, but the wrst bit remains set to 1. the reset routine must therefore clear the wrst bit. f tcnt overflow signal ovf wrst h'ff h'00 wdt internal reset figure 12.7 timing of setting of wrst bit and internal reset 449 12.4 interrupts during interval timer operation, an overflow generates an interval timer interrupt (wovi). the interval timer interrupt is requested whenever the ovf bit is set to 1 in tcsr. 12.5 usage notes contention between tcnt write and increment: if a timer counter clock pulse is generated during the t 3 state of a write cycle to tcnt, the write takes priority and the timer count is not incremented. see figure 12.8. f tcnt tcnt nm counter write data t 3 t 2 t 1 cpu: tcnt write cycle internal write signal tcnt input clock figure 12.8 contention between tcnt write and count up changing cks2 to cks0 bit: halt tcnt by clearing the tme bit to 0 in tcsr before changing the values of bits cks2 to cks0. 450 451 section 13 serial communication interface 13.1 overview the h8/3068f has a serial communication interface (sci) with three independent channels. all three channels have identical functions. the sci can communicate in both asynchronous and synchronous mode. it also has a multiprocessor communication function for serial communication among two or more processors. when the sci is not used, it can be halted to conserve power. each sci channel can be halted independently. for details, see section 20.6, module standby function. the sci also has a smart card interface function conforming to the iso/iec 7816-3 (identification card) standard. this function supports serial communication with a smart card. switching between the normal serial communication interface and the smart card interface is carried out by means of a register setting. 13.1.1 features sci features are listed below. selection of synchronous or asynchronous mode for serial communication asynchronous mode serial data communication is synchronized one channel at a time. the sci can communicate with a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (uart), asynchronous communication interface adapter (acia), or other chip that employs standard asynchronous communication. it can also communicate with two or more other processors using the multiprocessor communication function. there are twelve selectable serial data transfer formats. ? data length: 7 or 8 bits ? stop bit length: 1 or 2 bits ? parity: even/odd/none ? multiprocessor bit: 1 or 0 ? receive error detection: parity, overrun, and framing errors ? break detection: by reading the rxd level directly when a framing error occurs synchronous mode serial data communication is synchronized with a clock signal. the sci can communicate with other chips having a synchronous communication function. there is a single serial data communication format. ? data length: 8 bits ? receive error detection: overrun errors 452 full-duplex communication the transmitting and receiving sections are independent, so the sci can transmit and receive simultaneously. the transmitting and receiving sections are both double-buffered, so serial data can be transmitted and received continuously. the following settings can be made for the serial data to be transferred: ? lsb-first or msb-first transfer ? inversion of data logic level built-in baud rate generator with selectable bit rates selectable transmit/receive clock sources: internal clock from baud rate generator, or external clock from the sck pin four types of interrupts transmit-data-empty, transmit-end, receive-data-full, and receive-error interrupts are requested independently. the transmit-data-empty and receive-data-full interrupts from sci0 can activate the dma controller (dmac) to transfer data. features of the smart card interface are listed below. asynchronous communication ? data length: 8 bits ? parity bits generated and checked ? error signal output in receive mode (parity error) ? error signal detect and automatic data retransmit in transmit mode ? supports both direct convention and inverse convention built-in baud rate generator with selectable bit rates three types of interrupts transmit-data-empty, receive-data-full, and transmit/receive-error interrupts are requested independently. the transmit-data-empty and receive-data-full interrupts can activate the dma controller (dmac) to transfer data. 453 13.1.2 block diagram figure 13.1 shows a block diagram of the sci. rdr rsr tdr tsr ssr scr smr scmr brr f / 4 f /16 f /64 rxd txd sck tei txi rxi eri legend rsr : receive shift register rdr : receive data register tsr : transmit shift register tdr : transmit data register smr : serial mode register scr : serial control register ssr : serial status register brr : bit rate register scmr : smart card mode register module data bus bus interface internal data bus parity generate parity check transmit/receive control baud rate generator clock external clock f figure 13.1 sci block diagram 454 13.1.3 input/output pins the sci has serial pins for each channel as listed in table 13.1. table 13.1 sci pins channel name abbreviation i/o function 0 serial clock pin sck 0 input/output sci 0 clock input/output receive data pin rxd 0 input sci 0 receive data input transmit data pin txd 0 output sci 0 transmit data output 1 serial clock pin sck 1 input/output sci 1 clock input/output receive data pin rxd 1 input sci 1 receive data input transmit data pin txd 1 output sci 1 transmit data output 2 serial clock pin sck 2 input/output sci 2 clock input/output receive data pin rxd 2 input sci 2 receive data input transmit data pin txd 2 output sci 2 transmit data output 455 13.1.4 register configuration the sci has internal registers as listed in table 13.2. these registers select asynchronous or synchronous mode, specify the data format and bit rate, control the transmitter and receiver sections, and specify switching between the serial communication interface and smart card interface. table 13.2 sci registers channel address * 1 name abbreviation r/w initial value 0 h?ffb0 serial mode register smr r/w h'00 h?ffb1 bit rate register brr r/w h'ff h?ffb2 serial control register scr r/w h'00 h?ffb3 transmit data register tdr r/w h'ff h?ffb4 serial status register ssr r/(w) * 2 h'84 h?ffb5 receive data register rdr r h'00 h?ffb6 smart card mode register scmr r/w h'f2 1 h?ffb8 serial mode register smr r/w h'00 h?ffb9 bit rate register brr r/w h'ff h?ffba serial control register scr r/w h'00 h?ffbb transmit data register tdr r/w h'ff h?ffbc serial status register ssr r/(w) * 2 h'84 h?ffbd receive data register rdr r h'00 h?ffbe smart card mode register scmr r/w h'f2 2 h?ffc0 serial mode register smr r/w h'00 h?ffc1 bit rate register brr r/w h'ff h?ffc2 serial control register scr r/w h'00 h?ffc3 transmit data register tdr r/w h'ff h?ffc4 serial status register ssr r/(w) * 2 h'84 h?ffc5 receive data register rdr r h'00 h?ffc6 smart card mode register scmr r/w h'f2 notes: * 1 indicates the lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 only 0 can be written, to clear flags. 456 13.2 register descriptions 13.2.1 receive shift register (rsr) rsr is the register that receives serial data. bit 7 6 5432 10 read/write the sci loads serial data input at the rxd pin into rsr in the order received, lsb (bit 0) first, thereby converting the data to parallel data. when one byte of data has been received, it is automatically transferred to rdr. the cpu cannot read or write rsr directly. 13.2.2 receive data register (rdr) rdr is the register that stores received serial data. bit 7654321 0 initial value read/write r 0 0000 0 0 0 r r r r r r r when the sci has received one byte of serial data, it transfers the received data from rsr into rdr for storage, completing the receive operation. rsr is then ready to receive the next data. this double-buffering allows data to be received continuously. rdr is a read-only register. its contents cannot be modified by the cpu. rdr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. 457 13.2.3 transmit shift register (tsr) tsr is the register that transmits serial data. bit 7 6 5432 10 read/write the sci loads transmit data from tdr to tsr, then transmits the data serially from the txd pin, lsb (bit 0) first. after transmitting one data byte, the sci automatically loads the next transmit data from tdr into tsr and starts transmitting it. if the tdre flag is set to 1 in ssr, however, the sci does not load the tdr contents into tsr. the cpu cannot read or write rsr directly. 13.2.4 transmit data register (tdr) tdr is an 8-bit register that stores data for serial transmission. bit 7 6 54 3 2 1 0 initial value read/write r/w 11 1111 11 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w when the sci detects that tsr is empty, it moves transmit data written in tdr from tdr into tsr and starts serial transmission. continuous serial transmission is possible by writing the next transmit data in tdr during serial transmission from tsr. the cpu can always read and write tdr. tdr is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in standby mode. 458 13.2.5 serial mode register (smr) smr is an 8-bit register that specifies the sci's serial communication format and selects the clock source for the baud rate generator. c/ a chr pe o/ e stop mp cks1 cks0 r/w 00000000 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w initial value read/write bit 76 54 32 1 0 clock select 1/0 these bits select the baud rate generator's clock source communication mode selects asynchronous or synchronous mode character length selects character length in asynchronous mode parity enable enables or disables the addition of a parity bit parity mode selects even or odd parity stop bit length selects the stop bit length multiprocessor mode selects the multiprocessor function the cpu can always read and write smr. smr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?ommunication mode (c/ a )/gsm mode (gm): the function of this bit differs for the normal serial communication interface and for the smart card interface. its function is switched with the smif bit in scmr. 459 for serial communication interface (smif bit in scmr cleared to 0): selects whether the sci operates in asynchronous or synchronous mode. bit 7 c/ a description 0 asynchronous mode (initial value) 1 synchronous mode for smart card interface (smif bit in scmr set to 1): selects gsm mode for the smart card interface. bit 7 gm description 0 the tend flag is set 12.5 etu after the start bit (initial value) 1 the tend flag is set 11.0 etu after the start bit note: etu (elementary time unit: the time for transfer of one bit) bit 6?haracter length (chr): selects 7-bit or 8-bits data length in asynchronous mode. in synchronous mode, the data length is 8 bits regardless of the chr setting, bit 6 chr description 0 8-bit data (initial value) 1 7-bit data * note: * when 7-bit data is selected, the msb (bit 7) of tdr is not transmitted. bit 5?arity enable (pe): in asynchronous mode, this bit enables or disables the addition of a parity bit to transmit data, and the checking of the parity bit in receive data. in synchronous mode, the parity bit is neither added nor checked, regardless of the pe bit setting. bit 5 pe description 0 parity bit not added or checked (initial value) 1 parity bit added and checked * note: * when pe bit is set to 1, an even or odd parity bit is added to transmit data according to the even or odd parity mode selection by the o/ e bit, and the parity bit in receive data is checked to see that it matches the even or odd mode selected by the o/ e bit. 460 bit 4?arity mode (o/ e ): selects even or odd parity. the o/ e bit setting is only valid when the pe bit is set to 1, enabling parity bit addition and checking, in asynchronous mode. the o/ e bit setting is ignored in synchronous mode, or when parity addition and checking is disabled in asynchronous mode. bit 4 o/ e description 0 even parity * 1 (initial value) 1 odd parity * 2 notes: * 1 when even parity is selected, the parity bit added to transmit data makes an even number of 1s in the transmitted character and parity bit combined. receive data must have an even number of 1s in the received character and parity bit combined. * 2 when odd parity is selected, the parity bit added to transmit data makes an odd number of 1s in the transmitted character and parity bit combined. receive data must have an odd number of 1s in the received character and parity bit combined. bit 3?top bit length (stop): selects one or two stop bits in asynchronous mode. this setting is used only in asynchronous mode. in synchronous mod no stop bit is added, so the stop bit setting is ignored. bit 3 stop description 0 1 stop bit * 1 (initial value) 1 2 stop bits * 2 notes: * 1 one stop bit (with value 1) is added to the end of each transmitted character. * 2 two stop bits (with value 1) are added to the end of each transmitted character. in receiving, only the first stop bit is checked, regardless of the stop bit setting. if the second stop bit is 1, it is treated as a stop bit. if the second stop bit is 0, it is treated as the start bit of the next incoming character. bit 2?ultiprocessor mode (mp): selects a multiprocessor format. when a multiprocessor format is selected, parity settings made by the pe and o/ e bits are ignored. the mp bit setting is valid only in asynchronous mode. it is ignored in synchronous mode. for further information on the multiprocessor communication function, see section 13.3.3, multiprocessor communication. bit 2 mp description 0 multiprocessor function disabled (initial value) 1 multiprocessor format selected 461 bits 1 and 0?lock select 1 and 0 (cks1/0): these bits select the clock source for the on-chip baud rate generator. four clock sources are available: f , f /4, f /16, and f /64. for the relationship between the clock source, bit rate register setting, and baud rate, see section 13.2.8, bit rate register (brr). bit 1 cks1 bit 0 cks0 description 00 f (initial value) 01 f /4 10 f /16 11 f /64 462 13.2.6 serial control register (scr) scr register enables or disables the sci transmitter and receiver, enables or disables serial clock output in asynchronous mode, enables or disables interrupts, and selects the transmit/receive clock source. bit 7 6 5 4 3210 tie rie te re mpie teie cke1 cke0 initial value read/write r/w 0 00000 0 0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w transmit-end interrupt enable enables or disables transmit-end interrupts (tei) multiprocessor interrupt enable enables or disables multiprocessor interrupts receive enable enables or disables the receiver transmit enable enables or disables the transmitter receive interrupt enable enables or disables receive-data-full interrupts (rxi) and receive-error interrupts (eri) transmit interrupt enable enables or disables transmit-data-empt y interrupts ( txi ) clock enable 1/0 hese bits select the sci clock source the cpu can always read and write scr. scr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. 463 bit 7?ransmit interrupt enable (tie): enables or disables the transmit-data-empty interrupt (txi) requested when the tdre flag in ssr is set to 1 due to transfer of serial transmit data from tdr to tsr. bit 7 tie description 0 transmit-data-empty interrupt request (txi) is disabled * (initial value) 1 transmit-data-empty interrupt request (txi) is enabled note: * txi interrupt requests can be cleared by reading the value 1 from the tdre flag, then clearing it to 0; or by clearing the tie bit to 0. bit 6?eceive interrupt enable (rie): enables or disables the receive-data-full interrupt (rxi) requested when the rdrf flag in ssr is set to 1 due to transfer of serial receive data from rsr to rdr; also enables or disables the receive-error interrupt (eri). bit 6 rie description 0 receive-data-full (rxi) and receive-error (eri) interrupt requests are disabled * (initial value) 1 receive-data-full (rxi) and receive-error (eri) interrupt requests are enabled note: * rxi and eri interrupt requests can be cleared by reading the value 1 from the rdrf, fer, per, or orer flag, then clearing the flag to 0; or by clearing the rie bit to 0. bit 5?ransmit enable (te): enables or disables the start of sci serial transmitting operations. bit 5 te description 0 transmitting disabled * 1 (initial value) 1 transmitting enabled * 2 notes: * 1 the tdre flag is fixed at 1 in ssr. * 2 in the enabled state, serial transmission starts when the tdre flag in ssr is cleared to 0 after writing of transmit data into tdr. select the transmit format in smr before setting the te bit to 1. 464 bit 4?eceive enable (re): enables or disables the start of sci serial receiving operations. bit 4 re description 0 receiving disabled * 1 (initial value) 1 receiving enabled * 2 notes: * 1 clearing the re bit to 0 does not affect the rdrf, fer, per, and orer flags. these flags retain their previous values. * 2 in the enabled state, serial receiving starts when a start bit is detected in asynchronous mode, or serial clock input is detected in synchronous mode. select the receive format in smr before setting the re bit to 1. bit 3?ultiprocessor interrupt enable (mpie): enables or disables multiprocessor interrupts. the mpie bit setting is valid only in asynchronous mode, and only if the mp bit is set to 1 in smr. the mpie bit setting is ignored in synchronous mode or when the mp bit is cleared to 0. bit 3 mpie description 0 multiprocessor interrupts are disabled (normal receive operation) (initial value) clearing conditions (1) the mpie bit is cleared to 0 (2) mpb = 1 in received data 1 multiprocessor interrupts are enabled * receive-data-full interrupts (rxi), receive-error interrupts (eri), and setting of the rdrf, fer, and orer status flags in ssr are disabled until data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1 is received. note: * the sci does not transfer receive data from rsr to rdr, does not detect receive errors, and does not set the rdrf, fer, and orer flags in ssr. when it receives data in which mpb = 1, the sci sets the mpb bit to 1 in ssr, automatically clears the mpie bit to 0, enables rxi and eri interrupts (if the tie and rie bits in scr are set to 1), and allows the fer and orer flags to be set. bit 2?ransmit-end interrupt enable (teie): enables or disables the transmit-end interrupt (tei) requested if tdr does not contain valid transmit data when the msb is transmitted. bit 2 teie description 0 transmit-end interrupt requests (tei) are disabled * (initial value) 1 transmit-end interrupt requests (tei) are enabled * note: * tei interrupt requests can be cleared by reading the value 1 from the tdre flag in ssr, then clearing the tdre flag to 0, thereby also clearing the tend flag to 0; or by clearing the teie bit to 0. 465 bits 1 and 0?lock enable 1 and 0 (cke1/0): the function of these bits differs for the normal serial communication interface and for the smart card interface. their function is switched with the smif bit in scmr. for serial communication interface (smif bit in scmr cleared to 0): these bits select the sci clock source and enable or disable clock output from the sck pin. depending on the settings of cke1 and cke0, the sck pin can be used for generic input/output, serial clock output, or serial clock input. the cke0 setting is valid only in asynchronous mode, and only when the sci is internally clocked (cke1 = 0). the cke0 setting is ignored in synchronous mode, or when an external clock source is selected (cke1 = 1). select the sci operating mode in smr before setting the cke1 and cke0 bits . for further details on selection of the sci clock source, see table 13.9 in section 13.3, operation. bit 1 cke1 bit 0 cke0 description 0 0 asynchronous mode internal clock, sck pin available for generic input/output * 1 synchronous mode internal clock, sck pin used for serial clock output * 1 0 1 asynchronous mode internal clock, sck pin used for clock output * 2 synchronous mode internal clock, sck pin used for serial clock output 1 0 asynchronous mode external clock, sck pin used for clock input * 3 synchronous mode external clock, sck pin used for serial clock input 1 1 asynchronous mode external clock, sck pin used for clock input * 3 synchronous mode external clock, sck pin used for serial clock input notes: * 1 initial value * 2 the output clock frequency is the same as the bit rate. * 3 the input clock frequency is 16 times the bit rate. 466 for smart card interface (smif bit in scmr set to 1): these bits, together with the gm bit in smr, determine whether the sck pin is used for generic input/output or as the serial clock output pin. smr gm bit 1 cke1 bit 0 cke0 description 0 0 0 sck pin available for generic input/output (initial value) 0 0 1 sck pin used for clock output 1 0 0 sck pin output fixed low 1 0 1 sck pin used for clock output 1 1 0 sck pin output fixed high 1 1 1 sck pin used for clock output 467 13.2.7 serial status register (ssr) ssr is an 8-bit register containing multiprocessor bit values, and status flags that indicate the operating status of the sci. initial value read/write r r/w 0 1000100 bit 76 54 32 1 0 multiprocessor bit transfer value of multiprocessor bit to be transmitted r/(w) * 1 r/(w) * 1 r/(w) * 1 r/(w) * 1 r/(w) * 1 r tdre rdrf orer fer/ers per tend mpb mpbt multiprocessor bit stores the received multiprocessor bit value transmit end * 2 status flag indicating end of transmission parity error status flag indicating detection of a receive parity error framing error (fer)/error signal status (ers) * 2 status flag indicating detection of a receive framing error, or flag indicating detection of an error signal overrun error status flag indicating detection of a receive overrun error receive data register full status flag indicating that data has been received and stored in rdr transmit data register empty status flag indicating that transmit data has been transferred from tdr into tsr and new data can be written in tdr notes: * 1 only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. * 2 function differs between the normal serial communication interface and the smart card interface. the cpu can always read and write ssr, but cannot write 1 in the tdre, rdrf, orer, per, and fer flags. these flags can be cleared to 0 only if they have first been read while set to 1. the tend and mpb flags are read-only bits that cannot be written. ssr is initialized to h'84 by a reset and in standby mode. 468 bit 7?ransmit data register empty (tdre): indicates that the sci has loaded transmit data from tdr into tsr and the next serial data can be written in tdr. bit 7 tdre description 0 tdr contains valid transmit data clearing conditions read tdre when tdre = 1, then write 0 in tdre the dmac writes data in tdr 1 tdr does not contain valid transmit data (initial value) setting conditions the chip is reset or enters standby mode the te bit in scr is cleared to 0 tdr contents are loaded into tsr, so new data can be written in tdr bit 6?eceive data register full (rdrf): indicates that rdr contains new receive data. bit 6 rdrf description 0 rdr does not contain new receive data (initial value) clearing conditions the chip is reset or enters standby mode read rdrf when rdrf = 1, then write 0 in rdrf the dmac reads data from rdr 1 rdr contains new receive data setting condition serial data is received normally and transferred from rsr to rdr note: the rdr contents and the rdrf flag are not affected by detection of receive errors or by clearing of the re bit to 0 in scr. they retain their previous values. if the rdrf flag is still set to 1 when reception of the next data ends, an overrun error will occur and the receive data will be lost. 469 bit 5?verrun error (orer): indicates that data reception ended abnormally due to an overrun error. bit 5 orer description 0 receiving is in progress or has ended normally * 1 (initial value) clearing conditions the chip is reset or enters standby mode read orer when orer = 1, then write 0 in orer 1 a receive overrun error occurred * 2 setting condition reception of the next serial data ends when rdrf = 1 notes: * 1 clearing the re bit to 0 in scr does not affect the orer flag, which retains its previous value. * 2 rdr continues to hold the receive data prior to the overrun error, so subsequent receive data is lost. serial receiving cannot continue while the orer flag is set to 1. in synchronous mode, serial transmitting is also disabled. bit 4?raming error (fer)/error signal status (ers): the function of this bit differs for the normal serial communication interface and for the smart card interface. its function is switched with the smif bit in scmr. for serial communication interface (smif bit in scmr cleared to 0): indicates that data reception ended abnormally due to a framing error in asynchronous mode. bit 4 fer description 0 receiving is in progress or has ended normally * 1 (initial value) clearing conditions the chip is reset or enters standby mode read fer when fer = 1, then write 0 in fer 1 a receive framing error occurred * 2 setting condition the stop bit at the end of the receive data is checked and found to be 0 notes: * 1 clearing the re bit to 0 in scr does not affect the fer flag, which retains its previous value. * 2 when the stop bit length is 2 bits, only the first bit is checked. the second stop bit is not checked. when a framing error occurs the sci transfers the receive data into rdr but does not set the rdrf flag. serial receiving cannot continue while the fer flag is set to 1. in synchronous mode, serial transmitting is also disabled. 470 for smart card interface (smif bit in scmr set to 1): indicates the status of the error signal sent back from the receiving side during transmission. framing errors are not detected in smart card interface mode. bit 4 ers description 0 normal reception, no error signal * (initial value) clearing conditions the chip is reset or enters standby mode read ers when ers = 1, then write 0 in ers 1 an error signal has been sent from the receiving side indicating detection of a parity error setting condition the error signal is low when sampled note: * clearing the te bit to 0 in scr does not affect the ers flag, which retains its previous value. bit 3?arity error (per): indicates that data reception ended abnormally due to a parity error in asynchronous mode. bit 3 per description 0 receiving is in progress or has ended normally * 1 (initial value) clearing conditions the chip is reset or enters standby mode read per when per = 1, then write 0 in per 1 a receive parity error occurred * 2 setting condition the number of 1s in receive data, including the parity bit, does not match the even or odd parity setting of o/ e in smr notes: * 1 clearing the re bit to 0 in scr does not affect the per flag, which retains its previous value. * 2 when a parity error occurs the sci transfers the receive data into rdr but does not set the rdrf flag. serial receiving cannot continue while the per flag is set to 1. in synchronous mode, serial transmitting is also disabled. bit 2?ransmit end (tend): the function of this bit differs for the normal serial communication interface and for the smart card interface. its function is switched with the smif bit in scmr. for serial communication interface (smif bit in scmr cleared to 0): indicates that when the last bit of a serial character was transmitted tdr did not contain valid transmit data, so transmission has ended. the tend flag is a read-only bit and cannot be written. 471 bit 2 tend description 0 transmission is in progress clearing conditions read tdre when tdre = 1, then write 0 in tdre the dmac writes data in tdr 1 end of transmission (initial value) setting conditions the chip is reset or enters standby mode the te bit in scr is cleared to 0 tdre is 1 when the last bit of a 1-byte serial transmit character is transmitted for smart card interface (smif bit in scmr set to 1): indicates that when the last bit of a serial character was transmitted tdr did not contain valid transmit data, so transmission has ended. the tend flag is a read-only bit and cannot be written. bit 2 tend description 0 transmission is in progress clearing conditions read tdre when tdre = 1, then write 0 in tdre the dmac writes data in tdr 1 end of transmission (initial value) setting conditions the chip is reset or enters standby mode the te bit is cleared to 0 in scr and the fer/ers bit is also cleared to 0 tdre is 1 and fer/ers is 0 (normal transmission) 2.5 etu (when gm = 0) or 1.0 etu (when gm = 1) after a 1-byte serial character is transmitted note: etu (elementary time unit: the time for transfer of one bit) bit 1?ultiprocessor bit (mpb): stores the value of the multiprocessor bit in the receive data when a multiprocessor format is used in asynchronous mode. mpb is a read-only bit, and cannot be written. bit 1 mpb description 0 multiprocessor bit value in receive data is 0 * (initial value) 1 multiprocessor bit value in receive data is 1 note: * if the re bit in scr is cleared to 0 when a multiprocessor format is selected, mpb retains its previous value. 472 bit 0?ultiprocessor bit transfer (mpbt): stores the value of the multiprocessor bit added to transmit data when a multiprocessor format in selected for transmitting in asynchronous mode. the mpbt bit setting is ignored in synchronous mode, when a multiprocessor format is not selected, or when the sci cannot transmit. bit 1 mpbt description 0 multiprocessor bit value in transmit data is 0 (initial value) 1 multiprocessor bit value in transmit data is 1 13.2.8 bit rate register (brr) brr is an 8-bit register that., together with the cks1 and cks0 bits in smr that select the baud rate generator clock source, determines the serial communication bit rate. bit initial value read/write 7 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 6 1 11 1 11 11 5 4 32 1 0 the cpu can always read and write brr. brr is initialized to h'ff by a reset and in standby mode. each sci channel has independent baud rate generator control, so different values can be set in the three channels. table 13.3 shows examples of brr settings in asynchronous mode. table 13.4 shows examples of brr settings in synchronous mode. 473 table 13.3 examples of bit rates and brr settings in asynchronous mode f (mhz) bit rate 2 2.097152 2.4576 3 (bit/s) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) 110 1 141 0.03 1 148 ?.04 1 174 ?.26 1 212 0.03 150 1 103 0.16 1 108 0.21 1 127 0.00 1 155 0.16 300 0 207 0.16 0 217 0.21 0 255 0.00 1 77 0.16 600 0 103 0.16 0 108 0.21 0 127 0.00 0 155 0.16 1200 0 51 0.16 0 54 ?.70 0 63 0.00 0 77 0.16 2400 0 25 0.16 0 26 1.14 0 31 0.00 0 38 0.16 4800 0 12 0.16 0 13 ?.48 0 15 0.00 0 19 ?.34 9600 0 6 ?.99 0 6 ?.48 0 7 0.00 0 9 ?.34 19200 0 2 8.51 0 2 13.78 0 3 0.00 0 4 ?.34 31250 0 1 0.00 0 1 4.86 0 1 22.88 0 2 0.00 38400 0 1 ?8.62 0 1 ?4.67 0 1 0.00 f (mhz) bit rate 3.6864 4 4.9152 5 (bit/s) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) 110 2 64 0.70 2 70 0.03 2 86 0.31 2 88 ?.25 150 1 191 0.00 1 207 0.16 1 255 0.00 2 64 0.16 300 1 95 0.00 1 103 0.16 1 127 0.00 1 129 0.16 600 0 191 0.00 0 207 0.16 0 255 0.00 1 64 0.16 1200 0 95 0.00 0 103 0.16 0 127 0.00 0 129 0.16 2400 0 47 0.00 0 51 0.16 0 63 0.00 0 64 0.16 4800 0 23 0.00 0 25 0.16 0 31 0.00 0 32 ?.36 9600 0 11 0.00 0 12 0.16 0 15 0.00 0 15 1.73 19200 0 5 0.00 0 6 ?.99 0 7 0.00 0 7 1.73 31250 0 3 0.00 0 4 ?.70 0 4 0.00 38400 0 2 0.00 0 2 8.51 0 3 0.00 0 3 1.73 474 f (mhz) bit rate 6 6.144 7.3728 8 (bit/s) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) 110 2 106 ?.44 2 108 0.08 2 130 ?.07 2 141 0.03 150 2 77 0.16 2 79 0.00 2 95 0.00 2 103 0.16 300 1 155 0.16 1 159 0.00 1 191 0.00 1 207 0.16 600 1 77 0.16 1 79 0.00 1 95 0.00 1 103 0.16 1200 0 155 0.16 0 159 0.00 0 191 0.00 0 207 0.16 2400 0 77 0.16 0 79 0.00 0 95 0.00 0 103 0.16 4800 0 38 0.16 0 39 0.00 0 47 0.00 0 51 0.16 9600 0 19 ?.34 0 19 0.00 0 23 0.00 0 25 0.16 19200 0 9 ?.34 0 9 0.00 0 11 0.00 0 12 0.16 31250 0 5 0.00 0 5 2.40 0 6 5.33 0 7 0.00 38400 0 4 ?.34 0 4 0.00 0 5 0.00 0 6 ?.99 f (mhz) bit rate 9.8304 10 12 12.288 (bit/s) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) 110 2 174 ?.26 2 177 ?.25 2 212 0.03 2 217 0.08 150 2 127 0.00 2 129 0.16 2 155 0.16 2 159 0.00 300 1 255 0.00 2 64 0.16 2 77 0.16 2 79 0.00 600 1 127 0.00 1 129 0.16 1 155 0.16 1 159 0.00 1200 0 255 0.00 1 64 0.16 1 77 0.16 1 79 0.00 2400 0 127 0.00 0 129 0.16 0 155 0.16 0 159 0.00 4800 0 63 0.00 0 64 0.16 0 77 0.16 0 79 0.00 9600 0 31 0.00 0 32 ?.36 0 38 0.16 0 39 0.00 19200 0 15 0.00 0 15 1.73 0 19 ?.34 0 19 0.00 31250 0 9 ?.70 0 9 0.00 0 11 0.00 0 11 2.40 38400 0 7 0.00 0 7 1.73 0 9 ?.34 0 9 0.00 475 f (mhz) bit 13 14 14.7456 16 18 20 rate (bit/s) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) n n error (%) 110 2 230 ?.08 2 248 ?.17 3 64 0.70 3 70 0.03 3 79 ?.12 3 88 ?.25 150 2 168 0.16 2 181 0.16 2 191 0.00 2 207 0.16 2 233 0.16 3 64 0.16 300 2 84 ?.43 2 90 0.16 2 95 0.00 2 103 0.16 2 116 0.16 2 129 0.16 600 1 168 0.16 1 181 0.16 1 191 0.00 1 207 0.16 1 233 0.16 2 64 0.16 1200 1 84 ?.43 1 90 0.16 1 95 0.00 1 103 0.16 1 116 0.16 1 129 0.16 2400 0 168 0.16 0 181 0.16 0 191 0.00 0 207 0.16 0 233 0.16 1 64 0.16 4800 0 84 ?.43 0 90 0.16 0 95 0.00 0 103 0.16 0 116 0.16 0 129 0.16 9600 0 41 0.76 0 45 ?.93 0 47 0.00 0 51 0.16 0 58 ?.69 0 64 0.16 19200 0 20 0.76 0 22 ?.93 0 23 0.00 0 25 0.16 0 28 1.02 0 32 ?.36 31250 0 12 0.00 0 13 0.00 0 14 ?.70 0 15 0.00 0 17 0.00 0 19 0.00 38400 0 10 ?.82 0 10 3.57 0 11 0.00 0 12 0.16 0 14 ?.34 0 15 1.73 476 table 13.4 examples of bit rates and brr settings in synchronous mode bit f (mhz) rate 2 4 8 10 13 16 18 20 (bit/s) nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn 1103 70 250 2 124 2 249 3 124 3 202 3 249 500 1 249 2 124 2 249 3 101 3 124 3 140 3 155 1k 1 124 1 249 2 124 2 202 2 249 3 69 3 77 2.5k 0 199 1 99 1 199 1 249 2 80 2 99 2 112 2 124 5k 0 99 0 199 1 99 1 124 1 162 1 199 1 224 1 249 10k 0 49 0 99 0 199 0 249 1 80 1 99 1 112 1 124 25k 0 19 0 39 0 79 0 99 0 129 0 159 0 179 0 199 50k0 9 0 190 390 49064 079089 0 99 100k 0 4 0 9 0 19 0 24 0 39 0 44 0 49 250k 0 1 0 3 0 7 0 9 0 12 0 15 0 17 0 19 500k 0 0 * 01 03 04 07 08 09 1m 0 0 * 0 1 03 04 0 4 2m 0 0 * 0 1 2.5m 0 0 * 4m 0 0 * note: settings with an error of 1% or less are recommended. legend blank : no setting available ?: setting possible, but error occurs * : continuous transmission/reception not possible 477 the brr setting is calculated as follows: asynchronous mode: n = 64 2 2n? b 10 6 ?1 f synchronous mode: n = 8 2 2n? b 10 6 ?1 f b: bit rate (bit/s) n: brr setting for baud rate generator (0 n 255) f : system clock frequency (mhz) n: baud rate generator clock source (n = 0, 1, 2, 3) (for the clock sources and values of n, see the following table.) smr settings n clock source cks1 cks0 0 f 00 1 f /4 0 1 2 f /16 1 0 3 f /64 1 1 the bit rate error in asynchronous mode is calculated as follows: error (%) = (n + 1) b 64 2 2n? ?1 100 f 10 6 478 table 13.5 shows the maximum bit rates in asynchronous mode for various system clock frequencies. table 13.6 and 13.7 shows the maximum bit rates with external clock input. table 13.5 maximum bit rates for various frequencies (asynchronous mode) settings f (mhz) maximum bit rate (bit/s) n n 2 62500 0 0 2.097152 65536 0 0 2.4576 76800 0 0 3 93750 0 0 3.6864 115200 0 0 4 125000 0 0 4.9152 153600 0 0 5 156250 0 0 6 187500 0 0 6.144 192000 0 0 7.3728 230400 0 0 8 250000 0 0 9.8304 307200 0 0 10 312500 0 0 12 375000 0 0 12.288 384000 0 0 14 437500 0 0 14.7456 460800 0 0 16 500000 0 0 17.2032 537600 0 0 18 562500 0 0 20 625000 0 0 479 table 13.6 maximum bit rates with external clock input (asynchronous mode) f (mhz) external input clock (mhz) maximum bit rate (bit/s) 2 0.5000 31250 2.097152 0.5243 32768 2.4576 0.6144 38400 3 0.7500 46875 3.6864 0.9216 57600 4 1.0000 62500 4.9152 1.2288 76800 5 1.2500 78125 6 1.5000 93750 6.144 1.5360 96000 7.3728 1.8432 115200 8 2.0000 125000 9.8304 2.4576 153600 10 2.5000 156250 12 3.0000 187500 12.288 3.0720 192000 14 3.5000 218750 14.7456 3.6864 230400 16 4.0000 250000 17.2032 4.3008 268800 18 4.5000 281250 20 5.0000 312500 480 table 13.7 maximum bit rates with external clock input (synchronous mode) f (mhz) external input clock (mhz) maximum bit rate (bit/s) 2 0.3333 333333.3 4 0.6667 666666.7 6 1.0000 1000000.0 8 1.3333 1333333.3 10 1.6667 1666666.7 12 2.0000 2000000.0 14 2.3333 2333333.3 16 2.6667 2666666.7 18 3.0000 3000000.0 20 3.3333 3333333.3 481 13.3 operation 13.3.1 overview the sci can carry out serial communication in two modes: asynchronous mode in which synchronization is achieved character by character, and synchronous mode in which synchronization is achieved with clock pulses. a smart card interface is also supported as a serial communication function for an ic card interface. selection of asynchronous or synchronous mode and the transmission format for the normal serial communication interface is made in smr, as shown in table 13.8. the sci clock source is selected by the c/ a bit in smr and the cke1 and cke0 bits in scr, as shown in table 13.9. for details of the procedures for switching between lsb-first and msb-first mode and inverting the data logic level, see section 14.2.1, smart card mode register (scmr). for selection of the smart card interface format, see section 14.3.3, data format. asynchronous mode data length is selectable: 7 or 8 bits parity and multiprocessor bits are selectable, and so is the stop bit length (1 or 2 bits). these selections determine the communication format and character length. in receiving, it is possible to detect framing errors, parity errors, overrun errors, and the break state. an internal or external clock can be selected as the sci clock source. ? when an internal clock is selected, the sci operates using the on-chip baud rate generator, and can output a serial clock signal with a frequency matching the bit rate. ? when an external clock is selected, the external clock input must have a frequency 16 times the bit rate. (the on-chip baud rate generator is not used.) synchronous mode the communication format has a fixed 8-bit data length. in receiving, it is possible to detect overrun errors. an internal or external clock can be selected as the sci clock source. ? when an internal clock is selected, the sci operates using the on-chip baud rate generator, and can output a serial clock signal to external devices. ? when an external clock is selected, the sci operates on the input serial clock. the on-chip baud rate generator is not used. 482 smart card interface one frame consists of 8-bit data and a parity bit. in transmitting, a guard time of at least two elementary time units (2 etu) is provided between the end of the parity bit and the start of he next frame. (an elementary time unit is the time required to transmit one bit.) in receiving, if a parity error is detected, a low error signal level is output for 1 etu, beginning 10.5 etu after the start bit.. in transmitting, if an error signal is received, the same data is automatically transmitted again after at least 2 etu. only asynchronous communication is supported. there is no synchronous communication function. for details of smart card interface operation, see section 14, smart card interface. table 13.8 smr settings and serial communication formats smr settings sci communication format bit 7 c/ a bit 6 chr bit 2 mp bit 5 pe bit 3 stop mode data length multi- pro- cessor bit parity bit stop bit length 0 0 0 0 0 asyn- 8-bit data absent absent 1 bit 1 chronous 2 bits 10 mode present 1 bit 1 2 bits 1 0 0 7-bit data absent 1 bit 1 2 bits 1 0 present 1 bit 1 2 bits 0 1 0 asyn- chronous 8-bit data present absent 1 bit ? mode (multi- 2 bits 1 0 processor 7-bit data 1 bit ? format) 2 bits 1 syn- chronous mode 8-bit data absent none 483 table 13.9 smr and scr settings and sci clock source selection smr scr setting sci transmit/receive clock bit 7 c/ a bit 1 cke1 bit 0 cke0 mode clock source sck pin function 0 0 0 asynchronous internal sci does not use the sck pin 1 mode outputs clock with frequency matching the bit rate 1 0 external inputs clock with frequency 16 times the bit 1 rate 1 0 0 synchronous internal outputs the serial clock 1 mode 1 0 external inputs the serial clock 1 13.3.2 operation in asynchronous mode in asynchronous mode, each transmitted or received character begins with a start bit and ends with one or two stop bits. serial communication is synchronized one character at a time. the transmitting and receiving sections of the sci are independent, so full-duplex communication is possible. the transmitter and the receiver are both double-buffered, so data can be written and read while transmitting and receiving are in progress, enabling continuous transmitting and receiving. figure 13.2 shows the general format of asynchronous serial communication. in asynchronous serial communication the communication line is normally held in the mark (high) state. the sci monitors the line and starts serial communication when the line goes to the space (low) state, indicating a start bit. one serial character consists of a start bit (low), data (lsb first), parity bit (high or low), and one or two stop bits (high), in that order. when receiving in asynchronous mode, the sci synchronizes at the falling edge of the start bit. the sci samples each data bit on the eighth pulse of a clock with a frequency 16 times the bit rate. receive data is latched at the center of each bit. 484 1 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 0/1 1 idle (mark) state 1 (msb) (lsb) 0 1 serial data start bit 1 bit transmit or receive data 7 or 8 bits one unit of data (character or frame) 1 bit, or none parity bit 1 or 2 bits stop bit(s) figure 13.2 data format in asynchronous communication (example: 8-bit data with parity and 2 stop bits) communication formats: table 13.10 shows the 12 communication formats that can be selected in asynchronous mode. the format is selected by settings in smr. 485 table 13.10 serial communication formats (asynchronous mode) 7-bit data stop stop mpb stop mpb stop p stop stop p stop stop smr settings chr pe mp stop 00 0 0 00 0 1 01 0 0 01 0 1 10 0 0 10 0 1 11 0 0 11 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 serial communication format and frame length 123456789101112 stop 8-bit data s 8-bit data s stop p 8-bit data s 8-bit data s stop 7-bit data s 7-bit data s 7-bit data s s 8-bit data s stop stop mpb 8-bit data s 7-bit data s 7-bit data s p stop stop stop stop stop mpb legend s: start bit stop: stop bit p: parity bit mpb: multiprocessor bit 486 clock: an internal clock generated by the on-chip baud rate generator or an external clock input from the sck pin can be selected as the sci transmit/receive clock. the clock source is selected by the c/ a bit in smr and bits cke1 and cke0 in scr. for details of sci clock source selection, see table 13.9. when an external clock is input at the sck pin, it must have a frequency 16 times the desired bit rate. when the sci is operated on an internal clock, it can output a clock signal at the sck pin. the frequency of this output clock is equal to the bit rate. the phase is aligned as shown in figure 13.3 so that the rising edge of the clock occurs at the center of each transmit data bit. d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 0/1 1 1 0 1frame figure 13.3 phase relationship between output clock and serial data (asynchronous mode) transmitting and receiving data: sci initialization (asynchronous mode): before transmitting or receiving data, clear the te and re bits to 0 in scr, then initialize the sci as follows. when changing the communication mode or format, always clear the te and re bits to 0 before following the procedure given below. clearing te to 0 sets the tdre flag to 1 and initializes tsr. clearing re to 0, however, does not initialize the rdrf, per, fer, and orer flags, or rdr, which retain their previous contents. when an external clock is used the clock should not be stopped during initialization or subsequent operation, since operation will be unreliable in this case. 487 figure 13.4 shows a sample flowchart for initializing the sci. start of initialization set value in brr select communication format in smr 1-bit interval elapsed? wait (4) (3) (2) (1) yes no 488 transmitting serial data (asynchronous mode): figure 13.5 shows a sample flowchart for transmitting serial data and indicates the procedure to follow. yes yes 489 in transmitting serial data, the sci operates as follows: the sci monitors the tdre flag in ssr. when the tdre flag is cleared to 0, the sci recognizes that tdr contains new data, and loads this data from tdr into tsr. after loading the data from tdr to tsr, the sci sets the tdre flag to 1 and starts transmitting. if the tie bit is set to 1 in scr, the sci requests a transmit-data-empty interrupt (txi) at this time. serial transmit data is transmitted in the following order from the txd pin: ? start bit: one 0 bit is output. ? transmit data: 7 or 8 bits are output, lsb first. ? parity bit or multiprocessor bit: one parity bit (even or odd parity),or one multiprocessor bit is output. formats in which neither a parity bit nor a multiprocessor bit is output can also be selected. ? stop bit(s): one or two 1 bits (stop bits) are output. ? mark state: output of 1 bits continues until the start bit of the next transmit data. the sci checks the tdre flag when it outputs the stop bit. if the tdre flag is 0, the sci loads new data from tdr into tsr, outputs the stop bit, then begins serial transmission of the next frame. if the tdre flag is 1, the sci sets the tend flag to 1 in ssr, outputs the stop bit, then continues output of 1 bits in the mark state. if the teie bit is set to 1 in scr, a transmit-end interrupt (tei) is requested at this time figure 13.6 shows an example of sci transmit operation in asynchronous mode. 0/1 d0 d1 d7 0/1 1 1 0 start bit 0d0d1 d7 1 1 data parity bit stop bit start bit data parity bit stop bit tdre tend idle state (mark state) tei interrupt request txi interrupt request txi interrupt handler writes data in tdr and clears tdre flag to 0 txi interrupt request 1 frame figure 13.6 example of sci transmit operation in asynchronous mode (8-bit data with parity and one stop bit) 490 receiving serial data (asynchronous mode): figure 13.7 shows a sample flowchart for receiving serial data and indicates the procedure to follow. yes yes no no 491 yes 492 in receiving, the sci operates as follows: the sci monitors the communication line. when it detects a start bit (0 bit), the sci synchronizes internally and starts receiving. receive data is stored in rsr in order from lsb to msb. the parity bit and stop bit are received. after receiving these bits, the sci carries out the following checks: ? parity check: the number of 1s in the receive data must match the even or odd parity setting of in the o/ e bit in smr. ? stop bit check: the stop bit value must be 1. if there are two stop bits, only the first is checked. ? status check: the rdrf flag must be 0, indicating that the receive data can be transferred from rsr into rdr. if these all checks pass, the rdrf flag is set to 1 and the received data is stored in rdr. if one of the checks fails (receive error * ), the sci operates as shown in table 13.11. note: * when a receive error occurs, further receiving is disabled. in receiving, the rdrf flag is not set to 1. be sure to clear the error flags to 0. when the rdrf flag is set to 1, if the rie bit is set to 1 in scr, a receive-data-full interrupt (rxi) is requested. if the orer, per, or fer flag is set to 1 and the rie bit in scr is also set to 1, a receive-error interrupt (eri) is requested. table 13.11 receive error conditions receive error abbreviation condition data transfer overrun error orer receiving of next data ends while rdrf flag is still set to 1 in ssr receive data is not transferred from rsr to rdr framing error fer stop bit is 0 receive data is transferred from rsr to rdr parity error per parity of received data differs from even/odd parity setting in smr receive data is transferred from rsr to rdr 493 figure 13.8 shows an example of sci receive operation in asynchronous mode. 0/1 d0 d1 d7 0/1 1 1 0 start bit 0d0d1 d7 1 1 data data parity bit parity bit stop bit stop bit stop bit start bit rdrf fer idle (mark) state framing error, eri request rxi request rxi interrupt handler reads data in rdr and clears rdrf flag to 0 1 frame figure 13.8 example of sci receive operation (8-bit data with parity and one stop bit) 13.3.3 multiprocessor communication the multiprocessor communication function enables several processors to share a single serial communication line. the processors communicate in asynchronous mode using a format with an additional multiprocessor bit (multiprocessor format). in multiprocessor communication, each receiving processor is addressed by an id. a serial communication cycle consists of an id-sending cycle that identifies the receiving processor, and a data-sending cycle. the multiprocessor bit distinguishes id-sending cycles from data-sending cycles. the transmitting processor stars by sending the id of the receiving processor with which it wants to communicate as data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1. next the transmitting processor sends transmit data with the multiprocessor bit cleared to 0. receiving processors skip incoming data until they receive data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1. when they receive data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1, receiving processors compare the data with their ids. processors with ids not matching the received data skip further incoming data until they again receive data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1. multiple processors can send and receive data in this way. figure 13.9 shows an example of communication among different processors using a multiprocessor format. 494 communication formats: four formats are available. parity bit settings are ignored when a multiprocessor format is selected. for details see table 13.10. clock: see the description of asynchronous mode. (id=04) (id=01) (id=02) (id=03) transmitting processor receiving processor b receiving processor a receiving processor c receiving processor d h'01 (mpb=1) serial data h'aa (mpb=0) serial communication line id-sending cycle: receiving processor address data-sending cycle: data sent to receiving processor specified by id legend mpb : multiprocessor bit figure 13.9 example of communication among processors using multiprocessor format (sending data h'aa to receiving processor a) transmitting and receiving data: transmitting multiprocessor serial data: figure 13.10 shows a sample flowchart for transmitting multiprocessor serial data and indicates the procedure to follow. 495 tend = 1 no no read tend flag in ssr yes yes yes yes no no 496 in transmitting serial data, the sci operates as follows: the sci monitors the tdre flag in ssr. when the tdre flag is cleared to 0, the sci recognizes that tdr contains new data, and loads this data from tdr into tsr. after loading the data from tdr to tsr, the sci sets the tdre flag to 1 and starts transmitting. if the tie bit is set to 1 in scr, the sci requests a transmit-data-empty interrupt (txi) at this time. serial transmit data is transmitted in the following order from the txd pin: ? start bit: one 0 bit is output. ? transmit data: 7 or 8 bits are output, lsb first. ? multiprocessor bit: one multiprocessor bit (mpbt value) is output. ? stop bit(s): one or two 1 bits (stop bits) are output. ? mark state: output of 1 bits continues until the start bit of the next transmit data. the sci checks the tdre flag when it outputs the stop bit. if the tdre flag is 0, the sci loads new data from tdr into tsr, outputs the stop bit, then begins serial transmission of the next frame. if the tdre flag is 1, the sci sets the tend flag to 1 in ssr, outputs the stop bit, then continues output of 1 bits in the mark state. if the teie bit is set to 1 in scr, a transmit-end interrupt (tei) is requested at this time figure 13.11 shows an example of sci transmit operation using a multiprocessor format. d0 d1 d7 0/1 1 1 0 start bit 0 d0 d1 d7 0/1 1 data multi- processor bit stop bit start bit data multi- processor bit stop bit tdre tend idle (mark) state tei interrupt request txi interrupt request txi interrupt handler writes data in tdr and clears tdre flag to 0 txi interrupt request 1 frame figure 13.11 example of sci transmit operation (8-bit data with multiprocessor bit and one stop bit) receiving multiprocessor serial data: figure 13.12 shows a sample flowchart for receiving multiprocessor serial data and indicates the procedure to follow. 497 read rdrf flag in ssr no yes yes yes no yes yes no no no read orer and fer flags in ssr (3) (1) (2) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) rdrf = 1 fer orer = 1 fer orer = 1 start receiving own id? 498 yes yes no no 499 figure 13.13 shows an example of sci receive operation using a multiprocessor format. id2 data2 idle (mark) state not own id, so mpie bit is set to 1 again a. own id does not match data b. own id matches data d0 d1 d7 1 1 0 start bit start bit stop bit stop bit 0 d0 d1 d7 0 1 1 data (id1) data (data1) start bit stop bit stop bit data (data1) mpie idle (mark) state 1 mpb rdrf rdr value rdr value rxi interrupt request (multiprocessor interrupt) mpb detection mpie = 0 rxi interrupt handler reads rdr data and clears rdrf flag to 0 no rxi interrupt request, rdr not updated id1 mpb d0 d1 d7 1 1 0 start bit 0 d0 d1 d7 0 1 1 data (id2) mpie 1 mpb rdrf rxi interrupt request (multiprocessor interrupt) rxi interrupt handler reads rdr data and clears rdrf flag to 0 own id, so receiving continues, with data received by rxi interrupt handler mpb id1 mpie bit is set to 1 again mpb detection mpie = 0 figure 13.13 example of sci receive operation (8-bit data with multiprocessor bit and one stop bit) 13.3.4 synchronous operation in synchronous mode, the sci transmits and receives data in synchronization with clock pulses. this mode is suitable for high-speed serial communication. the sci transmitter and receiver share the same clock but are otherwise independent, so full- duplex communication is possible. the transmitter and the receiver are also double-buffered, so continuous transmitting or receiving is possible by reading or writing data while transmitting or receiving is in progress. 500 figure 13.14 shows the general format in synchronous serial communication. don't care one unit (character or frame) of transfer data msb bit 0 bit 1 bit 3 bit 2 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 lsb don't care serial clock serial data * * note: * high except in continuous transmitting or receiving figure 13.14 data format in synchronous communication in synchronous serial communication, each data bit is placed on the communication line from one falling edge of the serial clock to the next. data is guaranteed valid at the rise of the serial clock. in each character, the serial data bits are transferred in order from lsb (first) to msb (last). after output of the msb, the communication line remains in the state of the msb. in synchronous mode the sci receives data by synchronizing with the rise of the serial clock. communication format: the data length is fixed at 8 bits. no parity bit or multiprocessor bit can be added. clock: an internal clock generated by the on-chip baud rate generator or an external clock input from the sck pin can be selected by means of the c/ a bit in smr and the cke1 and cke0 bits in scr. see table 13.6 for details of sci clock source selection. when the sci operates on an internal clock, it outputs the clock source at the sck pin. eight clock pulses are output per transmitted or received character. when the sci is not transmitting or receiving, the clock signal remains in the high state. if receiving in single-character units is required, an external clock should be selected. transmitting and receiving data: sci initialization (synchronous mode): before transmitting or receiving data, clear the te and re bits to 0 in scr, then initialize the sci as follows. when changing the communication mode or format, always clear the te and re bits to 0 before following the procedure given below. clearing te to 0 sets the tdre flag to 1 and initializes tsr. note that clearing re to 0, however, does not initialize the rdrf, per, and ore flags, or rdr, which retain their previous contents. 501 figure 13.15 shows a sample flowchart for initializing the sci. 502 transmitting serial data (synchronous mode): figure 13.16 shows a sample flowchart for transmitting serial data and indicates the procedure to follow. 503 in transmitting serial data, the sci operates as follows. the sci monitors the tdre flag in ssr. when the tdre flag is cleared to 0, the sci recognizes that tdr contains new data, and loads this data from tdr into tsr. after loading the data from tdr to tsr, the sci sets the tdre flag to 1 and starts transmitting. if the tie bit is set to 1 in scr, the sci requests a transmit-data-empty interrupt (txi) at this time. if clock output is selected, the sci outputs eight serial clock pulses. if an external clock source is selected, the sci outputs data in synchronization with the input clock. data is output from the txd pin n order from lsb (bit 0) to msb (bit 7). the sci checks the tdre flag when it outputs the msb (bit 7). if the tdre flag is 0, the sci loads data from tdr into tsr and begins serial transmission of the next frame. if the tdre flag is 1, the sci sets the tend flag to 1 in ssr, and after transmitting the msb (bit 7), holds the txd pin in the msb state. if the teie bit is set to 1 in scr, a transmit-end interrupt (tei) is requested at this time after the end of serial transmission, the sck pin is held in a constant state. figure 13.17 shows an example of sci transmit operation. bit 0 bit 1 bit 7 bit 0 bit 1 bit 6 bit 7 serial clock serial data 1 frame txi interrupt request txi interrupt handler writes data in tdr and clears tdre flag to 0 txi interrupt request tei interrupt request transmit direction tend tdre figure 13.17 example of sci transmit operation receiving serial data (synchronous mode): figure 13.18 shows a sample flowchart for receiving serial data and indicates the procedure to follow. when switching from asynchronous to synchronous mode. make sure that the orer, per, and fer flags are cleared to 0. if the fer or per flag is set to 1 the rdrf flag will not be set and both transmitting and receiving will be disabled. 504 yes yes no no 505 506 figure 13.19 shows an example of sci receive operation. serial clock serial data rxi interrupt handler reads data in rdr and clears rdrf flag to 0 rxi interrupt request rxi interrupt request overrun error, eri interrupt request orer rdrf bit 7 bit 0 bit 7 bit 0 bit 1 bit 6 bit 7 1 frame figure 13.19 example of sci receive operation 507 transmitting and receiving data simultaneously (synchronous mode): figure 13.20 shows a sample flowchart for transmitting and receiving serial data simultaneously and indicates the procedure to follow. yes no no 508 13.4 sci interrupts the sci has four interrupt request sources: the transmit-end interrupt (tei), receive-error interrupt (eri), receive-data-full interrupt (rxi), and transmit-data-empty interrupt (txi). table 13.12 lists the interrupt sources and indicates their priority. these interrupts can be enabled or disabled by the tie, rie, and teie bits in scr. each interrupt request is sent separately to the interrupt controller. a txi interrupt is requested when the tdre flag is set to 1 in ssr. a tei interrupt is requested when the tend flag is set to 1 in ssr. a txi interrupt request can activate the dmac to transfer data. data transfer by the dmac automatically clears the tdre flag to 0. a tei interrupt request cannot activate the dmac. an rxi interrupt is requested when the rdrf flag is set to 1 in ssr. an eri interrupt is requested when the orer, per, or fer flag is set to 1 in ssr. an rxi interrupt can activate the dmac to transfer data. data transfer by the dmac automatically clears the rdrf flag to 0. an eri interrupt request cannot activate the dmac. the dmac can be activated by interrupts from sci channel 0. table 13.12 sci interrupt sources interrupt source description priority eri receive error (orer, fer, or per) high rxi receive data register full (rdrf) txi transmit data register empty (tdre) tei transmit end (tend) low 13.5 usage notes 13.5.1 notes on use of sci note the following points when using the sci. tdr write and tdre flag: the tdre flag in ssr is a status flag indicating the loading of transmit data from tdr to tsr. the sci sets the tdre flag to 1 when it transfers data from tdr to tsr. data can be written into tdr regardless of the state of the tdre flag. if new data is written in tdr when the tdre flag is 0, the old data stored in tdr will be lost because this data has not yet been transferred to tsr. before writing transmit data in tdr, be sure to check that the tdre flag is set to 1. 509 simultaneous multiple receive errors: table 13.13 shows the state of the ssr status flags when multiple receive errors occur simultaneously. when an overrun error occurs the rsr contents are not transferred to rdr, so receive data is lost. table 13.13 ssr status flags and transfer of receive data ssr status flags receive data transfer rdrf orer fer per rsr ? rdr receive errors 11 0 0 overrun error 00 1 0 framing error 00 0 1 parity error 11 1 0 overrun error + framing error 11 0 1 overrun error + parity error 00 1 1 framing error + parity error 11 1 1 overrun error + framing error + parity error notes: : receive data is transferred from rsr to rdr. : receive data is not transferred from rsr to rdr. break detection and processing: break signals can be detected by reading the rxd pin directly when a framing error (fer) is detected. in the break state the input from the rxd pin consists of all 0s, so the fer flag is set and the parity error flag (per) may also be set. in the break state the sci receiver continues to operate, so if the fer flag is cleared to 0 it will be set to 1 again. sending a break signal: the input/output condition and level of the txd pin are determined by dr and ddr bits. this feature can be used to send a break signal. after the serial transmitter is initialized, the dr value substitutes for the mark state until the te bit is set to 1 (the txd pin function is not selected until the te bit is set to 1). the ddr and dr bits should therefore be set to 1 beforehand. to send a break signal during serial transmission, clear the dr bit to 0 , then clear the te bit to 0. when the te bit is cleared to 0 the transmitter is initialized, regardless of its current state, so the txd pin becomes an input/output outputting the value 0. 510 receive error flags and transmitter operation (synchronous mode only): when a receive error flag (orer, per, or fer) is set to 1 the sci will not start transmitting, even if the tdre flag is cleared to 0. be sure to clear the receive error flags to 0 when starting to transmit. note that clearing the re bit to 0 does not clear the receive error flags to 0. receive data sampling timing in asynchronous mode and receive margin: in asynchronous mode the sci operates on a base clock with 16 times the bit rate frequency. in receiving, the sci synchronizes internally with the fall of the start bit, which it samples on the base clock. receive data is latched at the rising edge of the eighth base clock pulse. see figure 13.21. 15 0 internal base clock 8 clocks 7 0 receive data (rxd) synchronization sampling timing data sampling timing 15 0 d 0 d 1 start bit 16 clocks 7 figure 13.21 receive data sampling timing in asynchronous mode the receive margin in asynchronous mode can therefore be expressed as shown in equation (1). m = (0.5 ? 1 2n d ?0.5 n ) ?(l ?0.5) f (1 + f) 100% . . . . . . . . (1) m: receive margin (%) n: ratio of clock frequency to bit rate (n = 16) d: clock duty cycle (l = 0 to 1.0) l: frame length (l = 9 to 12) f: absolute deviation of clock frequency 511 from equation (1), if f = 0 and d = 0.5, the receive margin is 46.875%, as given by equation (2). m = 2 16 ) 100% (0.5 1 d = 0.5, f = 0 = 46.875% . . . . . . . . (2) this is a theoretical value. a reasonable margin to allow in system designs is 20% to 30%. restrictions on use of dmac: when an external clock source is used for the serial clock, after the dmac updates tdr, allow an inversion of at least five system clock ( f ) cycles before input of the serial clock to start transmitting. if the serial clock is input within four states of the tdr update, a malfunction may occur. (see figure 13.22) to have the dmac read rdr, be sure to select the corresponding sci receive-data-full interrupt (rxi) as the activation source with bits dts2 to dts0 in dtcr. sck d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 tdre t note: in operation with an external clock source, be sure that t >4 states. figure 13.22 example of synchronous transmission using dmac 512 switching from sck pin function to port pin function: problem in operation: when switching the sck pin function to the output port function (high- level output) by making the following settings while ddr = 1, dr = 1, c/ a = 1, cke1 = 0, cke0 = 0, and te = 1 (synchronous mode), low-level output occurs for one half-cycle. 1. end of serial data transmission 2. te bit = 0 3. c/ a bit = 0 ... switchover to port output 4. occurrence of low-level output (see figure 13.23) sck/port data te c/a cke1 cke0 bit 7 bit 6 1. end of transmission 4. low-level output 3. c/a= 0 2. te = 0 half-cycle low-level output figure 13.23 operation when switching from sck pin function to port pin function 513 sample procedure for avoiding low-level output: as this sample procedure temporarily places the sck pin in the input state, the sck/port pin should be pulled up beforehand with an external circuit. with ddr = 1, dr = 1, c/ a = 1, cke1 = 0, cke0 = 0, and te = 1, make the following settings in the order shown. 1. end of serial data transmission 2. te bit = 0 3. cke1 bit = 1 4. c/ a bit = 0 ... switchover to port output 5. cke1 bit = 0 sck/port data te c/a cke1 cke0 bit 7 bit 6 1. end of transmission 3. cke1= 1 5. cke1= 0 4. c/a= 0 2. te = 0 high-level output te figure 13.24 operation when switching from sck pin function to port pin function (example of preventing low-level output) 514 515 section 14 smart card interface 14.1 overview an ic card (smart card) interface conforming to the iso/iec 7816-3 (identification card) standard is supported as an extension of the serial communication interface (sci) functions. switchover between the normal serial communication interface and the smart card interface is controlled by a register setting. 14.1.1 features features of the smart card interface supported by the h8/3068f are listed below. ? asynchronous communication ? data length: 8 bits ? parity bit generation and checking ? transmission of error signal (parity error) in receive mode ? error signal detection and automatic data retransmission in transmit mode ? direct convention and inverse convention both supported ? built-in baud rate generator allows any bit rate to be selected ? three interrupt sources ? there are three interrupt sources?ransmit-data-empty, receive-data-full, and transmit/receive error?hat can issue requests independently. ? the transmit-data-empty interrupt and receive-data-full interrupt can activate the dma controller (dmac) to execute data transfer. 516 14.1.2 block diagram figure 14.1 shows a block diagram of the smart card interface. bus interface tdr rsr rdr module data bus tsr scmr ssr scr transmission/ reception control brr baud rate generator internal data bus rxd txd sck parity generation parity check clock external clock f f /4 f /16 f /64 txi rxi eri smr legend scmr: smart card mode register rsr: receive shift register rdr: receive data register tsr: transmit shift register tdr: transmit data register smr: serial mode register scr: serial control register ssr: serial status register brr: bit rate register figure 14.1 block diagram of smart card interface 14.1.3 pin configuration table 14.1 shows the smart card interface pins. table 14.1 smart card interface pins pin name abbreviation i/o function serial clock pin sck i/o clock input/output receive data pin rxd input receive data input transmit data pin txd output transmit data output 517 14.1.4 register configuration the smart card interface has the internal registers listed in table 14.2. the brr, tdr, and rdr registers have their normal serial communication interface functions, as described in section 13, serial communication interface. table 14.2 smart card interface registers channel address * 1 name abbreviation r/w initial value 0 h'fffb0 serial mode register smr r/w h'00 h'fffb1 bit rate register brr r/w h'ff h'fffb2 serial control register scr r/w h'00 h'fffb3 transmit data register tdr r/w h'ff h'fffb4 serial status register ssr r/(w) * 2 h'84 h'fffb5 receive data register rdr r h'00 h'fffb6 smart card mode register scmr r/w h'f2 1 h'fffb8 serial mode register smr r/w h'00 h'fffb9 bit rate register brr r/w h'ff h'fffba serial control register scr r/w h'00 h'fffbb transmit data register tdr r/w h'ff h'fffbc serial status register ssr r/(w) * 2 h'84 h'fffbd receive data register rdr r h'00 h'fffbe smart card mode register scmr r/w h'f2 2 h'fffc0 serial mode register smr r/w h'00 h'fffc1 bit rate register brr r/w h'ff h'fffc2 serial control register scr r/w h'00 h'fffc3 transmit data register tdr r/w h'ff h'fffc4 serial status register ssr r/(w) * 2 h'84 h'fffc5 receive data register rdr r h'00 h'fffc6 smart card mode register scmr r/w h'f2 notes: * 1 lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 only 0 can be written in bits 7 to 3, to clear the flags. 518 14.2 register descriptions this section describes the new or modified registers and bit functions in the smart card interface. 14.2.1 smart card mode register (scmr) scmr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects smart card interface functions. 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 sdir 0 r/w 0 smif 0 r/w 2 sinv 0 r/w 1 1 bit initial value read/write reserved bits reserved bit smart card interface mode select enables or disables the smart card interface function smart card data invert inverts data logic levels smart card data transfer direction selects the serial/parallel conversion format scmr is initialized to h'f2 by a reset and in standby mode. bits 7 to 4?eserved: read-only bits, always read as 1. bit 3?mart card data transfer direction (sdir): selects the serial/parallel conversion format. * 1 bit 3 sdir description 0 tdr contents are transmitted lsb-first (initial value) receive data is stored lsb-first in rdr 1 tdr contents are transmitted msb-first receive data is stored msb-first in rdr 519 bit 2?mart card data invert (sinv): specifies inversion of the data logic level. this function is used in combination with the sdir bit to communicate with inverse-convention cards. * 2 the sinv bit does not affect the logic level of the parity bit. for parity settings, see section 14.3.4, register settings. bit 2 sinv description 0 unmodified tdr contents are transmitted (initial value) receive data is stored unmodified in rdr 1 inverted tdr contents are transmitted receive data is inverted before storage in rdr bit 1?eserved: read-only bit, always read as 1. bit 0?mart card interface mode select (smif): enables the smart card interface function. bit 0 smif description 0 smart card interface function is disabled (initial value) 1 smart card interface function is enabled notes: *1 the function for switching between lsb-first and msb-first mode can also be used with the normal serial communication interface. note that when the communication format data length is set to 7 bits and msb-first mode is selected for the serial data to be transferred, bit 0 of tdr is not transmitted, and only bits 7 to 1 of the received data are valid. *2 the data logic level inversion function can also be used with the normal serial communication interface. note that, when inverting the serial data to be transferred, parity transmission and parity checking is based on the number of high-level periods at the serial data i/o pin, and not on the register value. 14.2.2 serial status register (ssr) the function of ssr bit 4 is modified in smart card interface mode. this change also causes a modification to the setting conditions for bit 2 (tend). 520 7 tdre 1 r/(w) * 6 rdrf 0 r/(w) * 5 orer 0 r/(w) * 4 ers 0 r/(w) * 3 per 0 r/(w) * 0 mpbt 0 r/w 2 tend 1 r 1 mpb 0 r bit initial value read/write transmit end status flag indicating end of transmission error signal status (ers) status flag indicating that an error signal has been received note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. bits 7 to 5: these bits operate as in normal serial communication. for details see section 13.2.7, serial status register (ssr). bit 4?rror signal status (ers): in smart card interface mode, this flag indicates the status of the error signal sent from the receiving device to the transmitting device. the smart card interface does not detection framing errors. bit 4 ers description 0 indicates normal transmission, with no error signal returned (initial value) [clearing conditions] the chip is reset, or enters standby mode or module stop mode software reads ers while it is set to 1, then writes 0. 1 indicates that the receiving device sent an error signal reporting a parity error [setting condition] a low error signal was sampled. note: clearing the te bit to 0 in scr does not affect the ers flag, which retains its previous value. bits 3 to 0: these bits operate as in normal serial communication. for details see section 13.2.7, serial status register (ssr). the setting conditions for transmit end (tend), however, are modified as follows. 521 bit 2 tend description 0 transmission is in progress [clearing conditions] software reads tdre while it is set to 1, then writes 0 in the tdre flag. the dmac or dtc writes data in tdr. 1 end of transmission [setting conditions] (initial value) the chip is reset or enters standby mode. the te bit and fer/ers bit are both cleared to 0 in scr. tdre is 1 and fer/ers is 0 at a time 2.5 etu after the last bit of a 1-byte serial character is transmitted (normal transmission). note: etu (elementary time unit: the time for transfer of one bit) 14.2.3 serial mode register (smr) the function of smr bit 7 is modified in smart card interface mode. this change also causes a modification to the function of bits 1 and 0 in the serial control register (scr). 7 gm 0 r/w 6 chr 0 r/w 5 pe 0 r/w 4 o/e 0 r/w 3 stop 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 mp 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w bit initial value read/write bit 7?sm mode (gm): with the normal smart card interface, this bit is cleared to 0. setting this bit to 1 selects gsm mode, an additional mode for controlling the timing for setting the tend flag that indicates completion of transmission, and the type of clock output used. the details of the additional clock output control mode are specified by the cke1 and cke0 bits in the serial control register (scr). bit 7 gm description 0 normal smart card interface mode operation the tend flag is set 12.5 etu after the beginning of the start bit. clock output on/off control only. (initial value) 1 gsm mode smart card interface mode operation the tend flag is set 11.0 etu after the beginning of the start bit. clock output on/off and fixed-high/fixed-low control. note: etu (elementary time unit: the time for transfer of one bit) 522 bits 6 to 0: these bits operate as in normal serial communication. for details see section 13.2.5, serial mode register (smr). 14.2.4 serial control register (scr) the function of scr bits 1 and 0 is modified in smart card interface mode 7 tie 0 r/w 6 rie 0 r/w 5 te 0 r/w 4 re 0 r/w 3 mpie 0 r/w 0 cke0 0 r/w 2 teie 0 r/w 1 cke1 0 r/w bit initial value read/write bits 7 to 2: these bits operate as in normal serial communication. for details see section 13.2.6, serial control register (scr). bits 1 and 0?lock enable 1 and 0 (cke1, cke0): these bits select the sci clock source and enable or disable clock output from the sck pin. in smart card interface mode, it is possible to specify a fixed high level or fixed low level for the clock output, in addition to the usual switching between enabling and disabling of the clock output. bit 7 gm bit 1 cke1 bit 0 cke0 description 0 0 0 internal clock/sck pin is i/o port (initial value) 1 internal clock/sck pin is clock output 1 0 internal clock/sck pin is fixed at low output 1 internal clock/sck pin is clock output 1 0 internal clock/sck pin is fixed at high output 1 internal clock/sck pin is clock output 14.3 operation 14.3.1 overview the main features of the smart card interface are as follows. ? one frame consists of 8-bit data plus a parity bit. ? in transmission, a guard time of at least 2 etu (elementary time units: the time for transfer of one bit) is provided between the end of the parity bit and the start of the next frame. ? if a parity error is detected during reception, a low error signal level is output for a1 etu period 10.5 etu after the start bit. 523 ? if an error signal is detected during transmission, the same data is transmitted automatically after the elapse of 2 etu or longer. ? only asynchronous communication is supported; there is no synchronous communication function. 14.3.2 pin connections figure 14.2 shows a pin connection diagram for the smart card interface. in communication with a smart card, since both transmission and reception are carried out on a single data transmission line, the txd pin and rxd pin should both be connected to this line. the data transmission line should be pulled up to v cc with a resistor. when the smart card uses the clock generated on the smart card interface, the sck pin output is input to the clk pin of the smart card. if the smart card uses an internal clock, this connection is unnecessary. the reset signal should be output from one of the h8/3068f? generic ports. in addition to these pin connections, power and ground connections will normally also be necessary. txd rxd sck px (port) h8/3068f chip v cc i/o data line clock line reset line clk rst card-processing device smart card figure 14.2 smart card interface connection diagram note: a loop-back test can be performed by setting both re and te to 1 without connecting a smart card. 524 14.3.3 data format figure 14.3 shows the smart card interface data format. in reception in this mode, a parity check is carried out on each frame, and if an error is detected an error signal is sent back to the transmitting device to request retransmission of the data. in transmission, the error signal is sampled and the same data is retransmitted if the error signal is low. ds d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 dp no parity error output from transmitting device ds d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 dp parity error output from transmitting device de output from receiving device legend ds: start bit d0 to d7: data bits dp: parity bit de: error si g nal figure 14.3 smart card interface data format the operating sequence is as follows. 1. when the data line is not in use it is in the high-impedance state, and is fixed high with a pull- up resistor. 2. the transmitting device starts transfer of one frame of data. the data frame starts with a start bit (ds, low-level), followed by 8 data bits (d0 to d7) and a parity bit (dp). 3. with the smart card interface, the data line then returns to the high-impedance state. the data line is pulled high with a pull-up resistor. 4. the receiving device carries out a parity check. if there is no parity error and the data is received normally, the receiving device waits for reception of the next data. if a parity error occurs, however, the receiving device outputs an error signal (de, low-level) to request retransmission of the data. after outputting the error signal for the prescribed length of time, the receiving device places the signal line in the high-impedance state again. the signal line is pulled high again by a pull-up resistor. 525 5. if the transmitting device does not receive an error signal, it proceeds to transmit the next data frame. if it receives an error signal, however, it returns to step 2 and transmits the same data again. 14.3.4 register settings table 14.3 shows a bit map of the registers used in the smart card interface. bits indicated as 0 or 1 must be set to the value shown. the setting of other bits is described in this section. table 14.3 smart card interface register settings bit register address * 1 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 smr h'fffb0 gm 0 1 o/ e 1 0 cks1 cks0 brr h'fffb1 brr7 brr6 brr5 brr4 brr3 brr2 brr1 brr0 scr h'fffb2 tie rie te re 0 0 cke1 * 2 cke0 tdr h'fffb3 tdr7 tdr6 tdr5 tdr4 tdr3 tdr2 tdr1 tdr0 ssr h'fffb4 tdre rdrf orer ers per tend 0 0 rdr h'fffb5 rdr7 rdr6 rdr5 rdr4 rdr3 rdr2 rdr1 rdr0 scmr h'fffb6 sdir sinv smif notes: unused bit. * 1 lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 when gm is cleared to 0 in smr, the cke1 bit must also be cleared to 0. serial mode register (smr) settings: clear the gm bit to 0 when using the normal smart card interface mode, or set to 1 when using gsm mode. clear the o/ e bit to 0 if the smart card is of the direct convention type, or set to 1 if of the inverse convention type. bits cks1 and cks0 select the clock source of the built-in baud rate generator. see section 14.3.5, clock. bit rate register (brr) settings: brr is used to set the bit rate. see section 14.3.5, clock, for the method of calculating the value to be set. serial control register (scr) settings: the tie, rie, te, and re bits have their normal serial communication functions. see section 13, serial communication interface, for details. the cke1 and cke0 bits specify clock output. to disable clock output, clear these bits to 00; to enable clock output, set these bits to 01. clock output is not performed when the gm bit is set to 1 in smr. clock output can also be fixed low or high. 526 smart card mode register (scmr) settings: clear both the sdir bit and sinv bit cleared to 0 if the smart card is of the direct convention type, and set both to 1 if of the inverse convention type. to use the smart card interface, set the smif bit to 1. the register settings and examples of starting character waveforms are shown below for two smart cards, one following the direct convention and one the inverse convention. 1. direct convention (sdir = sinv = o/ e = 0) ds d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 dp azzazzzaaz (z) (z) state with the direct convention type, the logic 0 level corresponds to state z and the logic 1 level to state a, and transfer is performed in lsb-first order. in the example above, the first character data is h'3b. the parity bit is 1, following the even parity rule designated for smart cards. 2. indirect convention (sdir = sinv = o/ e = 1) ds d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 dp azzaaaaaaz (z) (z) state with the indirect convention type, the logic 1 level corresponds to state z and the logic 0 level to state a, and transfer is performed in msb-first order. in the example above, the first character data is h'3f. the parity bit is 0, corresponding to state z, following the even parity rule designated for smart cards. in the h8/3068f, inversion specified by the sinv bit applies only to the data bits, d7 to d0. for parity bit inversion, the o/ e bit in smr must be set to odd parity mode. this applies to both transmission and reception. 527 14.3.5 clock only an internal clock generated by the on-chip baud rate generator can be used as the transmit/receive clock for the smart card interface. the bit rate is set with the bit rate register (brr) and the cks1 and cks0 bits in the serial mode register (smr). the equation for calculating the bit rate is shown below. table 14.5 shows some sample bit rates. if clock output is selected with cke0 set to 1, a clock with a frequency of 372 times the bit rate is output from the sck pin. b = 1488 2 2n? ? (n + 1) 10 6 f where, n: brr setting (0 n 255) b: bit rate (bit/s) f : operating frequency (mhz) n: see table 14.4 table 14.4 n-values of cks1 and cks0 settings n cks1 cks0 00 0 11 21 0 31 note: * if the gear function is used to divide the clock frequency, use the divided frequency to calculate the bit rate. the equation above applies directly to 1/1 frequency division. table 14.5 bit rates (bits/s) for various brr settings (when n = 0) f (mhz) n 7.1424 10.00 10.7136 13.00 14.2848 16.00 18.00 0 9600.0 13440.9 14400.0 17473.1 19200.0 21505.4 24193.5 1 4800.0 6720.4 7200.0 8736.6 9600.0 10752.7 12096.8 2 3200.0 4480.3 4800.0 5824.4 6400.0 7168.5 8064.5 note: bit rates are rounded off to one decimal place. 528 the following equation calculates the bit rate register (brr) setting from the operating frequency and bit rate. n is an integer from 0 to 255, specifying the value with the smaller error. n = 1488 2 2n? ? b 10 6 ?1 f table 14.6 brr settings for typical bit rates (bits/s) (when n = 0) f (mhz) 7.1424 10.00 10.7136 13.00 14.2848 16.00 18.00 bit/s n error n error n error n error n error n error n error 9600 0 0.00 1 30 1 25 1 8.99 1 0.00 1 12.01 2 15.99 table 14.7 maximum bit rates for various frequencies (smart card interface mode) f (mhz) maximum bit rate (bits/s) n n 7.1424 9600 0 0 10.00 13441 0 0 10.7136 14400 0 0 13.00 17473 0 0 14.2848 19200 0 0 16.00 21505 0 0 18.00 24194 0 0 the bit rate error is given by the following equation: error (%) = 1488 2 2n-1 b (n + 1) 10 6 ?1 100 f 529 14.3.6 transmitting and receiving data initialization: before transmitting or receiving data, the smart card interface must be initialized as described below. initialization is also necessary when switching from transmit mode to receive mode, or vice versa. 1. clear the te and re bits to 0 in the serial control register (scr). 2. clear error flags fer/ers, per, and orer to 0 in the serial status register (ssr). 3. set the parity bit (o/ e ) and baud rate generator select bits (cks1 and cks0) in the serial mode register (smr). clear the c/ a , chr, and mp bits to 0, and set the stop and pe bits to 1. 4. set the smif, sdir, and sinv bits in the smart card mode register (scmr). when the smif bit is set to 1, the txd pin and rxd pin are both switched from port to sci pin functions and go to the high-impedance state. 5. set a value corresponding to the desired bit rate in the bit rate register (brr). 6. set the cke0 bit in scr. clear the tie, rie, te, re, mpie, teie, and cke1 bits to 0. if the cke0 bit is set to 1, the clock is output from the sck pin. 7. wait at least one bit interval, then set the tie, rie, te, and re bits in scr. do not set the te bit and re bit at the same time, except for self-diagnosis. transmitting serial data: as data transmission in smart card mode involves error signal sampling and retransmission processing, the processing procedure is different from that for the normal sci. figure 14.5 shows a sample transmission processing flowchart. 1. perform smart card interface mode initialization as described in initialization above. 2. check that the fer/ers error flag is cleared to 0 in ssr. 3. repeat steps 2 and 3 until it can be confirmed that the tend flag is set to 1 in ssr. 4. write the transmit data in tdr, clear the tdre flag to 0, and perform the transmit operation. the tend flag is cleared to 0. 5. to continue transmitting data, go back to step 2. 6. to end transmission, clear the te bit to 0. the above processing may include interrupt handling dma transfer. if transmission ends and the tend flag is set to 1 while the tie bit is set to 1 and interrupt requests are enabled, a transmit-data-empty interrupt (txi) will be requested. if an error occurs in transmission and the ers flag is set to 1 while the rie bit is set to 1 and interrupt requests are enabled, a transmit/receive-error interrupt (eri) will be requested. the timing of tend flag setting depends on the gm bit in smr (see figure 14.4). if the txi interrupt activates the dmac, the number of bytes designated in the dmac can be transmitted automatically, including automatic retransmission. 530 for details, see interrupt operations and data transfer by dmac in this section. serial data note: etu (elementary time unit: the time for transfer of one bit) (1) gm = 0 tend (2) gm = 1 tend ds dp de guard time 11.0 etu 12.5 etu figure 14.4 timing of tend flag setting 531 initialization no yes clear te bit to 0 start transmitting start no no no yes yes yes yes no end write transmit data in tdr, and clear tdre flag to 0 in ssr error handling error handling tend = 1? all data transmitted? tend = 1? fer/ers = 0? fer/ers = 0? figure 14.5 sample transmission processing flowchart 532 1. data write tdr tsr (shift register) data 1 2. transfer from tdr to tsr data 1 data 1 data remains in tdr data 1 3. serial data output note: when the ers flag is set, it should be cleared until transfer of the last bit (d7 in lsb-first transmission, d0 in msb-first transmission) of the retransmit data to be transmitted next has been completed. in case of normal transmission: tend flag is set in case of transmit error: ers flag is set steps 2 and 3 above are repeated until the tend flag is set. i/o signal output data 1 figure 14.6 relation between transmit operation and internal registers i/o data when gm = 0 guard time de ds da db dc dd de df dg dh dp 12.5 etu 11.0 etu when gm = 1 txi (tend interrupt) note: etu (elementary time unit: the time for transfer of one bit) figure 14.7 timing of tend flag setting receiving serial data: data reception in smart card mode uses the same processing procedure as for the normal sci. figure 14.8 shows a sample reception processing flowchart. 1. perform smart card interface mode initialization as described in initialization above. 2. check that the orer flag and per flag are cleared to 0 in ssr. if either is set, perform the appropriate receive error handling, then clear both the orer and the per flag to 0. 3. repeat steps 2 and 3 until it can be confirmed that the rdrf flag is set to 1. 4. read the receive data from rdr. 5. to continue receiving data, clear the rdrf flag to 0 and go back to step 2. 6. to end reception, clear the re bit to 0. 533 initialization read rdr and clear rdrf flag to 0 in ssr clear re bit to 0 start receiving start error handling no no no yes yes orer = 0 and per = 0? rdrf = 1? all data received? yes figure 14.8 sample reception processing flowchart the above procedure may include interrupt handling and dma transfer. if reception ends and the rdrf flag is set to 1 while the rie bit is set to 1 and interrupt requests are enabled, a receive-data-full interrupt (rxi) will be requested. if an error occurs in reception and either the orer flag or the per flag is set to 1, a transmit/receive-error interrupt (eri) will be requested. if the rxi interrupt activates the dmac, the number of bytes designated in the dmac will be transferred, skipping receive data in which an error occurred. for details, see interrupt operations and data transfer by dmac in this section. if a parity error occurs during reception and the per flag is set to 1, the received data is transferred to rdr, so the erroneous data can be read. 534 switching modes: when switching from receive mode to transmit mode, first confirm that the receive operation has been completed, then start from initialization, clearing re to 0 and setting te to 1. the rdrf, per, or orer flag can be used to check that the receive operation has been completed. when switching from transmit mode to receive mode, first confirm that the transmit operation has been completed, then start from initialization, clearing te to 0 and setting re to 1. the tend flag can be used to check that the transmit operation has been completed. fixing clock output: when the gm bit is set to 1 in smr, clock output can be fixed by means of the cke1 and cke0 bits in scr. the minimum clock pulse width can be set to the specified width in this case. figure 14.9 shows the timing for fixing clock output. in this example, gm = 1, cke1 = 0, and the cke0 bit is controlled. specified pulse width cke1 value sck specified pulse width scr write (cke0 = 1) scr write (cke0 = 0) figure 14.9 timing for fixing cock output interrupt operations: the smart card interface has three interrupt sources: transmit-data-empty (txi), transmit/receive-error (eri), and receive-data-full (rxi). the transmit-end interrupt request (tei) is not available in smart card mode. a txi interrupt is requested when the tend flag is set to 1 in ssr. an rxi interrupt is requested when the rdrf flag is set to 1 in ssr. an eri interrupt is requested when the orer, per, or ers flag is set to 1 in ssr. these relationships are shown in table 14.8. 535 table 14.8 smart card interface mode operating states and interrupt sources operating state flag enable bit interrupt source dmac activation transmit mode normal operation tend tie txi available error ers rie eri not available receive mode normal operation rdrf rie rxi available error per, orer rie eri not available data transfer by dmac: the dmac can be used to transmit and receive data in smart card mode, as in normal sci operations. in transmit mode, when the tend flag is set to 1 in ssr, the tdre flag is set simultaneously, generating a txi interrupt. if the txi request is designated beforehand as a dmac activation source, the dmac will be activated by the txi request and will transfer the next transmit data. this data transfer by the dmac automatically clears the tdre and tend flags to 0. in the event of an error, the sci automatically retransmits the same data, keeping the tend flag cleared to 0 so that the dmac is not activated. the sci and dmac will therefore automatically transmit the designated number of bytes, including retransmission when an error occurs. when an error occurs, the ers flag is not cleared automatically, so the rie bit should be set to 1 to enable the error to generate an eri request, and the eri interrupt handler should clear ers. when using the dmac to transmit or receive, first set up and enable the dmac, then make sci settings. dmac settings are described in section 7, dma controller. in receive operations, an rxi interrupt is requested when the rdrf flag is set to 1 in ssr. if the rxi request is designated beforehand as a dmac activation source, the dmac will be activated by the rxi request and will transfer the received data. this data transfer by the dmac automatically clears the rdrf flag to 0. when an error occurs, the rdrf flag is not set and an error flag is set instead. the dmac is not activated. the eri interrupt request is directed to the cpu. the eri interrupt handler should clear the error flags. 536 examples of operation in gsm mode: when switching between smart card interface mode and software standby mode, use the following procedures to maintain the clock duty cycle. ? switching from smart card interface mode to software standby mode 1. set the p9 4 data register (dr) and data direction register (ddr) to the values for the fixed output state in software standby mode. 2. write 0 in the te and re bits in the serial control register (scr) to stop transmit/receive operations. at the same time, set the cke1 bit to the value for the fixed output state in software standby mode. 3. write 0 in the cke0 bit in scr to stop the clock. 4. wait for one serial clock cycle. during this period, the duty cycle is preserved and clock output is fixed at the specified level. 5. write h'00 in the serial mode register (smr) and smart card mode register (scmr). 6. make the transition to the software standby state. ? returning from software standby mode to smart card interface mode 1. clear the software standby state. 2. set the cke1 bit in scr to the value for the fixed output state at the start of software standby (the current p9 4 pin state). 3. set smart card interface mode and output the clock. clock signal generation is started with the normal duty cycle. software standby normal operation normal operation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) figure 14.10 procedure for stopping and restarting the clock use the following procedure to secure the clock duty cycle after powering on. 1. the initial state is port input and high impedance. use pull-up or pull-down resistors to fix the potential. 2. fix at the output specified by the cke1 bit in scr. 3. set smr and scmr, and switch to smart card interface mode operation. 4. set the cke0 bit to 1 in scr to start clock output. 537 14.4 usage notes the following points should be noted when using the sci as a smart card interface. receive data sampling timing and receive margin in smart card interface mode: in smart card interface mode, the sci operates on a base clock with a frequency of 372 times the transfer rate. in reception, the sci synchronizes internally with the fall of the start bit, which it samples on the base clock. receive data is latched at the rising edge of the 186th base clock pulse. the timing is shown in figure 14.11. internal base clock 372 clocks 186 clocks receive data (rxd) synchronization sampling timing d0 d1 data sampling timing 185 371 0 371 185 0 0 start bit figure 14.11 receive data sampling timing in smart card interface mode 538 the receive margin can therefore be expressed as follows. receive margin in smart card interface mode: m = (0.5 ? 1 2n d ?0.5 n ) ?(l ?0.5) f (1 + f) 100% m: receive margin (%) n: ratio of clock frequency to bit rate (n = 372) d: clock duty cycle (l = 0 to 1.0) l: frame length (l =10) f: absolute deviation of clock frequency from the above equation, if f = 0 and d = 0.5, the receive margin is as follows. when d = 0.5 and f = 0: m = (0.5 ?1/2 372) 100% = 49.866% retransmission: retransmission is performed by the sci in receive mode and transmit mode as described below. ? retransmission when sci is in receive mode figure 14.12 illustrates retransmission when the sci is in receive mode. 1. if an error is found when the received parity bit is checked, the per bit is automatically set to 1. if the rie bit in scr is set to the enable state, an eri interrupt is requested. the per bit should be cleared to 0 in ssr before the next parity bit sampling timing. 2. the rdrf bit in ssr is not set for the frame in which the error has occurred. 3. if no error is found when the received parity bit is checked, the per bit is not set to 1 in ssr. 4. if no error is found when the received parity bit is checked, the receive operation is assumed to have been completed normally, and the rdrf bit is automatically set to 1 in ssr. if the rie bit in scr is set to the enable state, an rxi interrupt is requested. if rxi is enabled as a dma transfer activation source, the rdr contents can be read automatically. when the dmac reads the rdr data, the rdrf flag is automatically cleared to 0. 5. when a normal frame is received, the data pin is held in the high-impedance state at the error signal transmission timing. 539 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 dp de ds d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 dp (de) ds d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 ds frame n+1 retransmitted frame frame n rdrf [1] per [2] [3] [4] figure 14.12 retransmission in sci receive mode ? retransmission when sci is in transmit mode figure 14.13 illustrates retransmission when the sci is in transmit mode. 6. if an error signal is sent back from the receiving device after transmission of one frame is completed, the fer/ers bit is set to 1 in ssr. if the rie bit in scr is set to the enable state, an eri interrupt is requested. the ers bit should be cleared to 0 in ssr before the next parity bit sampling timing. 7. the tend bit in ssr is not set for the frame for which the error signal was received. 8. if an error signal is not sent back from the receiving device, the ers flag is not set in ssr. 9. if an error signal is not sent back from the receiving device, transmission of one frame, including retransmission, is assumed to have been completed, and the tend bit is set to 1 in ssr. if the tie bit in scr is set to the enable state, a txi interrupt is requested. if txi is enabled as a dma transfer activation source, the next data can be written in tdr automatically. when the dmac writes data in tdr, the tdre bit is automatically cleared to 0. d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 dp de ds d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 dp (de) ds d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 ds frame n+1 retransmitted frame frame n tdre tend [6] ers transfer from tdr to tsr transfer from tdr to tsr transfer from tdr to tsr [7] [9] [8] figure 14.13 retransmission in sci transmit mode 540 541 section 15 a/d converter 15.1 overview the h8/3068f includes a 10-bit successive-approximations a/d converter with a selection of up to eight analog input channels. when the a/d converter is not used, it can be halted independently to conserve power. for details see section 20.6, module standby function. 15.1.1 features a/d converter features are listed below. 10-bit resolution eight input channels selectable analog conversion voltage range the analog voltage conversion range can be programmed by input of an analog reference voltage at the v ref pin. high-speed conversion conversion time: maximum 3.5 m s per channel (with 20 mhz system clock) two conversion modes single mode: a/d conversion of one channel scan mode: continuous conversion on one to four channels four 16-bit data registers a/d conversion results are transferred for storage into data registers corresponding to the channels. sample-and-hold function three conversion start sources the a/d converter can be activated by software, an external trigger, or an 8-bit timer compare match. a/d interrupt requested at end of conversion at the end of a/d conversion, an a/d end interrupt (adi) can be requested. dma controller (dmac) activation the dmac can be activated at the end of a/d conversion. 542 15.1.2 block diagram figure 15.1 shows a block diagram of the a/d converter. module data bus bus interface internal data bus addra addrb addrc addrd adcsr adcr successive- approximations register 10-bit d/a analog multi- plexer sample-and- hold circuit comparator + control circuit ?4 ?8 adi interrupt signal av v av cc ref ss an an an an an an an an 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 legend adcr: adcsr: addra: addrb: addrc: addrd: a/d control register a/d control/status register a/d data register a a/d data register b a/d data register c a/d data register d adtrg adte compare match a0 tcsr0 8-bit timer figure 15.1 a/d converter block diagram 543 15.1.3 input pins table 15.1 summarizes the a/d converter? input pins. the eight analog input pins are divided into two groups: group 0 (an 0 to an 3 ), and group 1 (an 4 to an 7 ). av cc and av ss are the power supply for the analog circuits in the a/d converter. v ref is the a/d conversion reference voltage. table 15.1 a/d converter pins pin name abbrevi- ation i/o function analog power supply pin av cc input analog power supply analog ground pin av ss input analog ground and reference voltage reference voltage pin v ref input analog reference voltage analog input pin 0 an 0 input group 0 analog inputs analog input pin 1 an 1 input analog input pin 2 an 2 input analog input pin 3 an 3 input analog input pin 4 an 4 input group 1 analog inputs analog input pin 5 an 5 input analog input pin 6 an 6 input analog input pin 7 an 7 input a/d external trigger input pin adtrg input external trigger input for starting a/d conversion 544 15.1.4 register configuration table 15.2 summarizes the a/d converter? registers. table 15.2 a/d converter registers address * 1 name abbreviation r/w initial value h'fffe0 a/d data register a h addrah r h'00 h'fffe1 a/d data register a l addral r h'00 h'fffe2 a/d data register b h addrbh r h'00 h'fffe3 a/d data register b l addrbl r h'00 h'fffe4 a/d data register c h addrch r h'00 h'fffe5 a/d data register c l addrcl r h'00 h'fffe6 a/d data register d h addrdh r h'00 h'fffe7 a/d data register d l addrdl r h'00 h'fffe8 a/d control/status register adcsr r/(w) * 2 h'00 h'fffe9 a/d control register adcr r/w h'7e notes: * 1 lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. * 2 only 0 can be written in bit 7, to clear the flag. 545 15.2 register descriptions 15.2.1 a/d data registers a to d (addra to addrd) bit addrn initial value 14 ad8 0 r 12 ad6 0 r 10 ad4 0 r 8 ad2 0 r 6 ad0 0 r 0 0 r 4 0 r 2 0 r 15 ad9 0 r 13 ad7 0 r 11 ad5 0 r 9 ad3 0 r 7 ad1 0 r 1 0 r 5 0 r 3 0 r a/d conversion data 10-bit data giving an a/d conversion result reserved bits read/write (n = a to d) the four a/d data registers (addra to addrd) are 16-bit read-only registers that store the results of a/d conversion. an a/d conversion produces 10-bit data, which is transferred for storage into the a/d data register corresponding to the selected channel. the upper 8 bits of the result are stored in the upper byte of the a/d data register. the lower 2 bits are stored in the lower byte. bits 5 to 0 of an a/d data register are reserved bits that are always read as 0. table 15.3 indicates the pairings of analog input channels and a/d data registers. the cpu can always read and write the a/d data registers. the upper byte can be read directly, but the lower byte is read through a temporary register (temp). for details see section 15.3, cpu interface. the a/d data registers are initialized to h'0000 by a reset and in standby mode. table 15.3 analog input channels and a/d data registers analog input channel group 0 group 1 a/d data register an 0 an 4 addra an 1 an 5 addrb an 2 an 6 addrc an 3 an 7 addrd 546 15.2.2 a/d control/status register (adcsr) bit initial value read/write 7 adf 0 r/(w) * 6 adie 0 r/w 5 adst 0 r/w 4 scan 0 r/w 3 cks 0 r/w 0 ch0 0 r/w 2 ch2 0 r/w 1 ch1 0 r/w note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. a/d end flag indicates end of a/d conversion a/d interrupt enable enables and disables a/d end interrupts a/d start starts or stops a/d conversion scan mode selects single mode or scan mode clock select selects the a/d conversion time channel select 2 to 0 these bits select analog input channels adcsr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the mode and controls the a/d converter. adcsr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. 547 bit 7?/d end flag (adf): indicates the end of a/d conversion. bit 7 adf description 0 [clearing condition] read adf when adf =1, then write 0 in adf. dmac activated by adi interrupt. (initial value) 1 [setting conditions] single mode: a/d conversion ends scan mode: a/d conversion ends in all selected channels bit 6?/d interrupt enable (adie): enables or disables the interrupt (adi) requested at the end of a/d conversion. bit 6 adie description 0 a/d end interrupt request (adi) is disabled (initial value) 1 a/d end interrupt request (adi) is enabled bit 5?/d start (adst): starts or stops a/d conversion. the adst bit remains set to 1 during a/d conversion. it can also be set to 1 by external trigger input at the adtrg pin, or by an 8-bit timer compare match. bit 5 adst description 0 a/d conversion is stopped (initial value) 1 single mode: a/d conversion starts; adst is automatically cleared to 0 when conversion ends. scan mode: a/d conversion starts and continues, cycling among the selected channels, until adst is cleared to 0 by software, by a reset, or by a transition to standby mode. 548 bit 4?can mode (scan): selects single mode or scan mode. for further information on operation in these modes, see section 15.4, operation. clear the adst bit to 0 before switching the conversion mode. bit 4 scan description 0 single mode (initial value) 1 scan mode bit 3?lock select (cks): selects the a/d conversion time. clear the adst bit to 0 before switching the conversion time. bit 3 cks description 0 conversion time = 134 states (maximum) (initial value) 1 conversion time = 70 states (maximum) bits 2 to 0?hannel select 2 to 0 (ch2 to ch0): these bits and the scan bit select the analog input channels. clear the adst bit to 0 before changing the channel selection. group selection channel selection description ch2 ch1 ch0 single mode scan mode 000 an 0 (initial value) an 0 1an 1 an 0 , an 1 10 an 2 an 0 to an 2 1an 3 an 0 to an 3 100 an 4 an 4 1an 5 an 4 , an 5 10 an 6 an 4 to an 6 1an 7 an 4 to an 7 549 15.2.3 a/d control register (adcr) bit initial value read/write 7 trge 0 r/w 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 0 r/w 2 1 1 1 trigger enable enables or disables starting of a/d conversion by an external trigger or 8-bit timer compare match reserved bits adcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables starting of a/d conversion by external trigger input or an 8-bit timer compare match signal. adcr is initialized to h'7f by a reset and in standby mode. bit 7?rigger enable (trge): enables or disables starting of a/d conversion by an external trigger or 8-bit timer compare match. bit 7 trge description 0 starting of a/d conversion by an external trigger or 8-bit timer compare match is disabled (initial value) 1 a/d conversion is started at the falling edge of the external trigger signal ( adtrg ) or by an 8-bit timer compare match external trigger pin and 8-bit timer selection are performed by the 8-bit timer. for details, see section 10, 8-bit timers. bits 6 to 1?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit 0?eserved: this bit can be read or written, but must not be set to 1. 550 15.3 cpu interface addra to addrd are 16-bit registers, but they are connected to the cpu by an 8-bit data bus. therefore, although the upper byte can be be accessed directly by the cpu, the lower byte is read through an 8-bit temporary register (temp). an a/d data register is read as follows. when the upper byte is read, the upper-byte value is transferred directly to the cpu and the lower-byte value is transferred into temp. next, when the lower byte is read, the temp contents are transferred to the cpu. when reading an a/d data register, always read the upper byte before the lower byte. it is possible to read only the upper byte, but if only the lower byte is read, incorrect data may be obtained. figure 15.2 shows the data flow for access to an a/d data register. upper-byte read bus interface module data bus cpu (h'aa) addrnh (h'aa) addrnl (h'40) lower-byte read bus interface module data bus cpu (h'40) addrnh (h'aa) addrnl (h'40) temp (h'40) temp (h'40) (n = a to d) (n = a to d) figure 15.2 a/d data register access operation (reading h'aa40) 551 15.4 operation the a/d converter operates by successive approximations with 10-bit resolution. it has two operating modes: single mode and scan mode. 15.4.1 single mode (scan = 0) single mode should be selected when only one a/d conversion on one channel is required. a/d conversion starts when the adst bit is set to 1 by software, or by external trigger input. the adst bit remains set to 1 during a/d conversion and is automatically cleared to 0 when conversion ends. when conversion ends the adf bit is set to 1. if the adie bit is also set to 1, an adi interrupt is requested at this time. to clear the adf flag to 0, first read adcsr, then write 0 in adf. when the mode or analog input channel must be switched during analog conversion, to prevent incorrect operation, first clear the adst bit to 0 in adcsr to halt a/d conversion. after making the necessary changes, set the adst bit to 1 to start a/d conversion again. the adst bit can be set at the same time as the mode or channel is changed. typical operations when channel 1 (an 1 ) is selected in single mode are described next. figure 15.3 shows a timing diagram for this example. 1. single mode is selected (scan = 0), input channel an 1 is selected (ch2 = ch1 = 0, ch0 = 1), the a/d interrupt is enabled (adie = 1), and a/d conversion is started (adst = 1). 2. when a/d conversion is completed, the result is transferred into addrb. at the same time the adf flag is set to 1, the adst bit is cleared to 0, and the a/d converter becomes idle. 3. since adf = 1 and adie = 1, an adi interrupt is requested. 4. the a/d interrupt handling routine starts. 5. the routine reads adcsr, then writes 0 in the adf flag. 6. the routine reads and processes the conversion result (addrb). 7. execution of the a/d interrupt handling routine ends. after that, if the adst bit is set to 1, a/d conversion starts again and steps 2 to 7 are repeated. 552 adie adst adf state of channel 0 (an ) set * set * set * clear * clear * idle idle idle idle a/d conversion (1) a/d conversion (2) idle read conversion result a/d conversion result (1) read conversion result a/d conversion result (2) note: * vertical arrows ( ) indicate instructions executed by software. 0 1 2 3 a/d conversion starts addra addrb addrc addrd state of channel 1 (an ) state of channel 2 (an ) state of channel 3 (an ) idle figure 15.3 example of a/d converter operation (single mode, channel 1 selected) 553 15.4.2 scan mode (scan = 1) scan mode is useful for monitoring analog inputs in a group of one or more channels. when the adst bit is set to 1 by software or external trigger input, a/d conversion starts on the first channel in the group (an 0 when ch2 = 0, an 4 when ch2 = 1). when two or more channels are selected, after conversion of the first channel ends, conversion of the second channel (an 1 or an 5 ) starts immediately. a/d conversion continues cyclically on the selected channels until the adst bit is cleared to 0. the conversion results are transferred for storage into the a/d data registers corresponding to the channels. when the mode or analog input channel selection must be changed during analog conversion, to prevent incorrect operation, first clear the adst bit to 0 in adcsr to halt a/d conversion. after making the necessary changes, set the adst bit to 1. a/d conversion will start again from the first channel in the group. the adst bit can be set at the same time as the mode or channel selection is changed. typical operations when three channels in group 0 (an 0 to an 2 ) are selected in scan mode are described next. figure 15.4 shows a timing diagram for this example. 1. scan mode is selected (scan = 1), scan group 0 is selected (ch2 = 0), analog input channels an 0 to an 2 are selected (ch1 = 1, ch0 = 0), and a/d conversion is started (adst = 1). 2. when a/d conversion of the first channel (an 0 ) is completed, the result is transferred into addra. next, conversion of the second channel (an 1 ) starts automatically. 3. conversion proceeds in the same way through the third channel (an 2 ). 4. when conversion of all selected channels (an 0 to an 2 ) is completed, the adf flag is set to 1 and conversion of the first channel (an 0 ) starts again. if the adie bit is set to 1, an adi interrupt is requested at this time. 5. steps 2 to 4 are repeated as long as the adst bit remains set to 1. when the adst bit is cleared to 0, a/d conversion stops. after that, if the adst bit is set to 1, a/d conversion starts again from the first channel (an 0 ). 554 adst adf state of channel 0 (an ) 0 1 2 3 continuous a/d conversion set * 1 clear * 1 clear * 1 idle a/d conversion (1) idle idle idle a/d conversion (4) idle a/d conversion (2) idle a/d conversion (5) * 2 idle a/d conversion (3) idle idle transfer a/d conversion result (1) a/d conversion result (4) a/d conversion result (2) a/d conversion result (3) * 1 * 2 a/d conversion time notes: addra addrb addrc addrd state of channel 1 (an ) state of channel 2 (an ) state of channel 3 (an ) vertical arrows ( ) indicate instructions executed by software. data currently being converted is ignored. figure 15.4 example of a/d converter operation (scan mode, channels an 0 to an 2 selected) 555 15.4.3 input sampling and a/d conversion time the a/d converter has a built-in sample-and-hold circuit. the a/d converter samples the analog input at a time t d after the adst bit is set to 1, then starts conversion. figure 15.5 shows the a/d conversion timing. table 15.4 indicates the a/d conversion time. as indicated in figure 15.5, the a/d conversion time includes t d and the input sampling time. the length of t d varies depending on the timing of the write access to adcsr. the total conversion time therefore varies within the ranges indicated in table 15.4. in scan mode, the values given in table 15.4 apply to the first conversion. in the second and subsequent conversions the conversion time is fixed at 128 states when cks = 0 or 66 states when cks = 1. f address bus write signal input sampling timing adf (1) (2) t d t spl t conv legend (1): (2): t : t : t : d spl conv adcsr write cycle adcsr address synchronization delay input sampling time a/d conversion time figure 15.5 a/d conversion timing 556 table 15.4 a/d conversion time (single mode) cks = 0 cks = 1 symbol min typ max min typ max synchronization delay t d 6 94 5 input sampling time t spl ?1 ?5 a/d conversion time t conv 131 134 69 70 note: values in the table are numbers of states. 15.4.4 external trigger input timing a/d conversion can be externally triggered. when the trge bit is set to 1 in adcr and the 8-bit timer's adte bit is cleared to 0, external trigger input is enabled at the adtrg pin. a high-to- low transition at the adtrg pin sets the adst bit to 1 in adcsr, starting a/d conversion. other operations, in both single and scan modes, are the same as if the adst bit had been set to 1 by software. figure 15.6 shows the timing. f adtrg internal trigger signal adst a/d conversion figure 15.6 external trigger input timing 557 15.5 interrupts the a/d converter generates an interrupt (adi) at the end of a/d conversion. the adi interrupt request can be enabled or disabled by the adie bit in adcsr. the adi interrupt request can be designated as a dmac activation source. in this case, an interrupt request is not sent to the cpu. 15.6 usage notes when using the a/d converter, note the following points: 1. analog input voltage range: during a/d conversion, the voltages input to the analog input pins should be in the range av ss an n v ref . 2. relationships of av cc and av ss to v cc and v ss : av cc , av ss , v cc , and v ss should be related as follows: av ss = v ss . av cc and av ss must not be left open, even if the a/d converter is not used. 3. v ref programming range: the reference voltage input at the v ref pin should be in the range v ref av cc . 4. note on board design: in board layout, separate the digital circuits from the analog circuits as much as possible. particularly avoid layouts in which the signal lines of digital circuits cross or closely approach the signal lines of analog circuits. induction and other effects may cause the analog circuits to operate incorrectly, or may adversely affect the accuracy of a/d conversion. the analog input signals (an 0 to an 7 ), analog reference voltage (v ref ), and analog supply voltage (av cc ) must be separated from digital circuits by the analog ground (av ss ). the analog ground (av ss ) should be connected to a stable digital ground (v ss ) at one point on the board. 5. note on noise: to prevent damage from surges and other abnormal voltages at the analog input pins (an 0 to an 7 ) and analog reference voltage pin (v ref ), connect a protection circuit like the one in figure 15.7 between av cc and av ss . the bypass capacitors connected to av cc and v ref and the filter capacitors connected to an 0 to an 7 must be connected to av ss . if filter capacitors like the ones in figure 15.7 are connected, the voltage values input to the analog input pins (an 0 to an 7 ) will be smoothed, which may give rise to error. error can also occur if a/d conversion is frequently performed in scan mode so that the current that charges and discharges the capacitor in the sample-and-hold circuit of the a/d converter becomes greater than that input to the analog input pins via input impedance rin. the circuit constants should therefore be selected carefully. 558 av cc * 1 * 1 v ref an 0 to an 7 av ss notes: * 1 * 2 rin: input impedance rin * 2 100 w 0.1 f 0.01 f 10 f figure 15.7 example of analog input protection circuit table 15.5 analog input pin ratings item min max unit analog input capacitance 20 pf allowable signal-source impedance 10 * k w note: * when conversion time = 134 states, v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v, and ? 13 mhz. for details see section 21, electrical characteristics. 20 pf to a/d converter an 0 to an 7 10 k w figure 15.8 analog input pin equivalent circuit note: numeric values are approximate, except in table 15.5 559 6. a/d conversion accuracy definitions: a/d conversion accuracy in the h8/3068f is defined as follows: resolution:....................digital output code length of a/d converter offset error: ..................deviation from ideal a/d conversion characteristic of analog input voltage required to raise digital output from minimum voltage value 0000000000 to 0000000001 (figure 15.10) full-scale error:.............deviation from ideal a/d conversion characteristic of analog input voltage required to raise digital output from 1111111110 to 1111111111 (figure 15.10) quantization error:........intrinsic error of the a/d converter; 1/2 lsb (figure 15.9) nonlinearity error: ........deviation from ideal a/d conversion characteristic in range from zero volts to full scale, exclusive of offset error, full-scale error, and quantization error. absolute accuracy:........deviation of digital value from analog input value, including offset error, full-scale error, quantization error, and nonlinearity error. 111 110 101 100 011 010 001 000 1/8 2/8 3/8 4/8 5/8 6/8 7/8 fs quantization error analog input voltage digital output ideal a/d conversion characteristic figure 15.9 a/d converter accuracy definitions (1) 560 fs offset error nonlinearity error actual a/d conversion characteristic analog input voltage digital output ideal a/d conversion characteristic full-scale error figure 15.10 a/d converter accuracy definitions (2) 7. allowable signal-source impedance: the analog inputs of the h8/3068f are designed to assure accurate conversion of input signals with a signal-source impedance not exceeding 10 k w . the reason for this rating is that it enables the input capacitor in the sample-and-hold circuit in the a/d converter to charge within the sampling time. if the sensor output impedance exceeds 10 k w , charging may be inadequate and the accuracy of a/d conversion cannot be guaranteed. if a large external capacitor is provided in single mode, then the internal 10-k w input resistance becomes the only significant load on the input. in this case the impedance of the signal source is not a problem. a large external capacitor, however, acts as a low-pass filter. this may make it impossible to track analog signals with high dv/dt (e.g. a variation of 5 mv/ m s) (figure 15.11). to convert high-speed analog signals or to use scan mode, insert a low-impedance buffer. 8. effect on absolute accuracy: attaching an external capacitor creates a coupling with ground, so if there is noise on the ground line, it may degrade absolute accuracy. the capacitor must be connected to an electrically stable ground, such as av ss . if a filter circuit is used, be careful of interference with digital signals on the same board, and make sure the circuit does not act as an antenna. 561 equivalent circuit of a/d converter h8/3067 series 20 pf cin = 15 pf 10 k w up to 10 k w low-pass filter c up to 0.1 m f sensor output impedance sensor input figure 15.11 analog input circuit (example) 562 563 section 16 d/a converter 16.1 overview the h8/3068f includes a d/a converter with two channels. 16.1.1 features d/a converter features are listed below. ? eight-bit resolution ? two output channels ? conversion time: maximum 10 m s (with 20-pf capacitive load) ? output voltage: 0 v to v ref ? d/a outputs can be sustained in software standby mode 16.1.2 block diagram figure 16.1 shows a block diagram of the d/a converter. dadr0 dadr1 dacr dastcr v av da da av ref cc ss 0 1 legend dacr: dadr0: dadr1: dastcr: 8-bit d/a module data bus bus interface internal data bus control circuit d/a control register d/a data register 0 d/a data register 1 d/a standby control register figure 16.1 d/a converter block diagram 564 16.1.3 input/output pins table 16.1 summarizes the d/a converter's input and output pins. table 16.1 d/a converter pins pin name abbreviation i/o function analog power supply pin av cc input analog power supply and reference voltage analog ground pin av ss input analog ground and reference voltage analog output pin 0 da 0 output analog output, channel 0 analog output pin 1 da 1 output analog output, channel 1 reference voltage input pin v ref input analog reference voltage 16.1.4 register configuration table 16.2 summarizes the d/a converter's registers. table 16.2 d/a converter registers address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'fff9c d/a data register 0 dadr0 r/w h'00 h'fff9d d/a data register 1 dadr1 r/w h'00 h'fff9e d/a control register dacr r/w h'1f h'ee01a d/a standby control register dastcr r/w h'fe note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. 565 16.2 register descriptions 16.2.1 d/a data registers 0 and 1 (dadr0/1) bit initial value read/write 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 0 r/w the d/a data registers (dadr0 and dadr1) are 8-bit readable/writable registers that store the data to be converted. when analog output is enabled, the d/a data register values are constantly converted and output at the analog output pins. the d/a data registers are initialized to h'00 by a reset and in standby mode. when the daste bit is set to 1 in the d/a standby control register (dastcr), the d/a registers are not initialized in software standby mode. 16.2.2 d/a control register (dacr) bit initial value read/write 7 daoe1 0 r/w 6 daoe0 0 r/w 5 dae 0 r/w 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 d/a output enable 1 d/a output enable 0 d/a enable controls d/a conversion and analog output controls d/a conversion and analog output controls d/a conversion dacr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the operation of the d/a converter. dacr is initialized to h'1f by a reset and in standby mode. when the daste bit is set to 1 in dastcr, the dacr is not initialized in software standby mode. 566 bit 7?/a output enable 1 (daoe1): controls d/a conversion and analog output. bit 7 daoe1 description 0da 1 analog output is disabled 1 channel-1 d/a conversion and da 1 analog output are enabled bit 6?/a output enable 0 (daoe0): controls d/a conversion and analog output. bit 6 daoe0 description 0da 0 analog output is disabled 1 channel-0 d/a conversion and da 0 analog output are enabled bit 5?/a enable (dae): controls d/a conversion, together with bits daoe0 and daoe1. when the dae bit is cleared to 0, analog conversion is controlled independently in channels 0 and 1. when the dae bit is set to 1, analog conversion is controlled together in channels 0 and 1. output of the conversion results is always controlled independently by daoe0 and daoe1. bit 7 daoe1 bit 6 daoe0 bit 5 dae description 0 0 d/a conversion is disabled in channels 0 and 1 1 0 d/a conversion is enabled in channel 0 d/a conversion is disabled in channel 1 1 d/a conversion is enabled in channels 0 and 1 1 0 0 d/a conversion is disabled in channel 0 d/a conversion is enabled in channel 1 1 d/a conversion is enabled in channels 0 and 1 1 d/a conversion is enabled in channels 0 and 1 when the dae bit is set to 1, even if bits daoe0 and daoe1 in dacr and the adst bit in adcsr are cleared to 0, the same current is drawn from the analog power supply as during a/d and d/a conversion. bits 4 to 0?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. 567 16.2.3 d/a standby control register (dastcr) dastcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables d/a output in software standby mode. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 daste 0 r/w 2 1 1 1 reserved bits d/a standby enable enables or disables d/a output in software standby mode dastcr is initialized to h'fe by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 1?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit 0?/a standby enable (daste): enables or disables d/a output in software standby mode. bit 0 daste description 0 d/a output is disabled in software standby mode (initial value) 1 d/a output is enabled in software standby mode 568 16.3 operation the d/a converter has two built-in d/a conversion circuits that can perform conversion independently. d/a conversion is performed constantly while enabled in dacr. if the dadr0 or dadr1 value is modified, conversion of the new data begins immediately. the conversion results are output when bits daoe0 and daoe1 are set to 1. an example of d/a conversion on channel 0 is given next. timing is indicated in figure 16.2. 1. data to be converted is written in dadr0. 2. bit daoe0 is set to 1 in dacr. d/a conversion starts and da0 becomes an output pin. the converted result is output after the conversion time. v ref the output value is dadr contents 256 output of this conversion result continues until the value in dadr0 is modified or the daoe0 bit is cleared to 0. 3. if the dadr0 value is modified, conversion starts immediately, and the result is output after the conversion time. 4. when the daoe0 bit is cleared to 0, da0 becomes an input pin. 569 dadr0 write cycle dacr write cycle dadr0 write cycle dacr write cycle address dadr0 daoe0 da f 0 conversion data 1 conversion data 2 high-impedance state conversion result 1 conversion result 2 t dconv t dconv legend t : d/a conversion time dconv figure 16.2 example of d/a converter operation 16.4 d/a output control in the h8/3068f, d/a converter output can be enabled or disabled in software standby mode. when the daste bit is set to 1 in dastcr, d/a converter output is enabled in software standby mode. the d/a converter registers retain the values they held prior to the transition to software standby mode. when d/a output is enabled in software standby mode, the reference supply current is the same as during normal operation. 570 571 section 17 ram 17.1 overview the h8/3068f has 16 kbytes ram. the ram is connected to the cpu by a 16-bit data bus. the cpu accesses both byte data and word data in two states, making the ram useful for rapid data transfer. the on-chip ram of the h8/3068f is assigned to addresses h'fbf20 to h'fff1f in modes 1, 2, and 7, and to addresses h'ffbf20 to h'ffff1f in modes 3, 4, and 5,and to addresses h'e720 to h'ff1f in mode 6. the ram enable bit (rame) in the system control register (syscr) can enable or disable the on-chip ram. 17.1.1 block diagram figure 17.1 shows a block diagram of the on-chip ram. h'fbf20 * h'fbf22 * h'fff1e * h'fbf21 * h'fbf23 * h'fff1f * on-chip data bus (upper 8 bits) on-chip data bus (lower 8 bits) bus interface syscr on-chip ram even addresses odd addresses legend syscr: system control register note: * lower 20 bits of the address in mode 7. figure 17.1 ram block diagram 572 17.1.2 register configuration the on-chip ram is controlled by syscr. table 17.1 gives the address and initial value of syscr. table 17.1 system control register address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee012 system control register syscr r/w h'09 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. 17.2 system control register (syscr) bit initial value read/write 7 ssby 0 r/w 6 sts2 0 r/w 5 sts1 0 r/w 4 sts0 0 r/w 3 ue 1 r/w 2 nmieg 0 r/w 1 ssoe 0 r/w 0 rame 1 r/w software standby standby timer select 2 to 0 user bit enable nmi edge select software standby output port enable ram enable bit enables or disables on-chip ram one function of syscr is to enable or disable access to the on-chip ram. the on-chip ram is enabled or disabled by the rame bit in syscr. for details about the other bits, see section 3.3, system control register (syscr). bit 0?am enable (rame): enables or disables the on-chip ram. the rame bit is initialized at the rising edge of the input at the res pin. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bit 0 rame description 0 on-chip ram is disabled 1 on-chip ram is enabled (initial value) 573 17.3 operation when the rame bit is set to 1, the on-chip ram is enabled. accesses to addresses h'fbf20 to h'fff1f in modes 1, 2, and 7, and to addresses h'ffbf20 to h'ffff1f in the h8/3068f in modes 3, 4, and 5, and to addresses h'7f20 to h'ff1f in mode 6, are directed to the on-chip ram. in modes 1 to 5 (expanded modes), when the rame bit is cleared to 0, the off-chip address space is accessed. in mode 6, 7 (single-chip mode), when the rame bit is cleared to 0, the on- chip ram is not accessed: read access always results in h'ff data, and write access is ignored. since the on-chip ram is connected to the cpu by an internal 16-bit data bus, it can be written and read by word access. it can also be written and read by byte access. byte data is accessed in two states using the upper 8 bits of the data bus. word data starting at an even address is accessed in two states using all 16 bits of the data bus. 574 575 section 18 flash memory 18.1 overview the h8/3068f-ztat has 384 kbytes of on-chip flash memory. the flash memory is connected to the cpu by a 16-bit data bus. the cpu accesses both byte data and word data in two states, enabling rapid data transfer. the on-chip rom is enabled and disabled by setting the mode pins (md 2 to md 0 ) as shown in table 18.1. the on-chip flash memory product (h8/3068f-ztat) can be erased and programmed on-board, as well as with a special-purpose prom programmer. table 18.1 operating modes and rom mode pins mode md2 md1 md0 on-chip rom mode 1 (expanded 1-mbyte mode with on-chip rom disabled) 0 0 1 disabled (external address area) mode 2 (expanded 1-mbyte mode with on-chip rom disabled) 010 mode 3 (expanded 16-mbyte mode with on-chip rom disabled) 011 mode 4 (expanded 16-mbyte mode with on-chip rom disabled) 100 mode 5 (expanded 16-mbyte mode with on-chip rom enabled) 1 0 1 enabled mode 6 (single-chip normal mode) 1 1 0 mode 7 (single-chip advanced mode) 1 1 1 576 18.2 features the h8/3068f-ztat has 384 kbytes of on-chip flash memory. the features of the flash memory are summarized below. ? four flash memory operating modes ? program mode ? erase mode ? program-verify mode ? erase-verify mode ? programming/erase methods the flash memory is programmed 128 bytes at a time. erasing is performed in block units. to erase the entire flash memory, each block must be erased in turn. in block erasing, 4-kbyte, 32- kbyte, and 64-kbyte blocks can be set arbitrarily. ? programming/erase times the flash memory programming time is 10 ms (typ.) for simultaneous 128-byte programming, equivalent approximately to 80 m s (typ.) per byte, and the erase time is 100 ms (typ.) per block. ? reprogramming capability the flash memory can be reprogrammed up to 100 times. ? on-board programming modes there are two modes in which flash memory can be programmed/erased/verified on-board: ? boot mode ? user program mode ? automatic bit rate adjustment for data transfer in boot mode, the h8/3068f-ztat chip? bit rate can be automatically adjusted to match the transfer bit rate of the host. ? flash memory emulation in ram flash memory programming can be emulated in real time by overlapping a part of ram onto flash memory. ? protect modes there are three protect modes?ardware, software, and error?hich allow protected status to be designated for flash memory program/erase/verify operations ? prom mode flash memory can be programmed/erased in prom mode, using a prom programmer, as well as in on-board programming mode. 577 18.2.1 block diagram module bus bus interface/controller flash memory (384 kbytes) operating mode internal address bus internal data bus (16 bits) fwe pin mode pins flmcr2 legend flmcr1: flash memory control register 1 flmcr2: flash memory control register 2 ebr1: erase block register 1 ebr2: erase block register 2 ramcr: ram control register ebr1 ebr2 ramcr flmcr1 figure 18.1 block diagram of flash memory 578 18.2.2 pin configuration the flash memory is controlled by means of the pins shown in table 18.2. table 18.2 flash memory pins pin name abbreviation i/o function reset res input reset flash write enable fwe input flash program/erase protection by hardware mode 2 md 2 input sets h8/3068f-ztat operating mode mode 1 md 1 input sets h8/3068f-ztat operating mode mode 0 md 0 input sets h8/3068f-ztat operating mode transmit data txd 1 output serial transmit data output receive data rxd 1 input serial receive data input 18.2.3 register configuration the registers used to control the on-chip flash memory when enabled are shown in table 18.3. table 18.3 flash memory registers register name abbreviation r/w initial value address * 1 flash memory control register 1 flmcr1 r/w h'00 * 2 h'ee030 flash memory control register 2 flmcr2 r h'00 h'ee031 erase block register 1 ebr1 r/w h'00 h'ee032 erase block register 2 ebr2 r/w h'00 h'ee033 ram control register ramcr r/w h'f0 h'ee077 notes: flmcr1, flmcr2, ebr1, ebr2, and ramcr are 8-bit registers, and should be accessed by byte access . * 1 lower 20 bits of address in advanced mode. * 2 when a high level is input to the fwe pin, the initial value is h'80. 579 18.3 register descriptions 18.3.1 flash memory control register 1 (flmcr1) bit 76543210 fwe swe esu psu ev pv e p initial value * 00 00 00 0 read/write r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w note: * determined by the state of the fwe pin. flmcr1 is an 8-bit register used for flash memory operating mode control. program-verify mode or erase-verify mode for addresses h'00000 to h'5ffff is entered by setting the swe bit when fwe = 1, then setting the pv or ev bit. program mode for addresses h'00000 to h'5ffff is entered by setting the swe bit when fwe = 1, then setting the psu bit, and finally setting the p bit. erase mode for addresses h'00000 to h'5ffff is entered by setting the swe bit when fwe = 1, then setting the esu bit, and finally setting the e bit. flmcr1 is initialized by a reset, and in hardware standby mode and software standby mode. its initial value is h'80 when a high level is input to the fwe pin, and h'00 when a low level is input. in mode 6 the fwe pin must be fixed low since flash memory on-board programming modes are not supported. when the on-chip flash memory is disabled, a read access to this register will return h'00, and writes are invalid. when setting bits 6 to 0 in this register, one bit must be set one at a time. writes to the swe bit in flmcr1 are enabled only when fwe = 1; writes to bits esu, psu, ev, and pv only when fwe = 1 and swe = 1; writes to the e bit only when fwe = 1, swe = 1, and esu = 1; and writes to the p bit only when fwe = 1, swe = 1, and psu = 1. notes: 1. the programming and erase flowcharts must be followed when setting the bits in this register to prevent erroneous programming or erasing. 2. transitions are made to program mode, erase mode, program-verify mode, and erase- verify mode according to the settings in this register. when reading flash memory as normal on-chip rom, bits 6 to 0 in this register must be cleared. bit 7?lash write enable (fwe): sets hardware protection against flash memory programming/erasing. bit 7 fwe description 0 when a low level is input to the fwe pin (hardware-protected state) 1 when a high level is input to the fwe pin 580 bit 6?oftware write enable (swe): enables or disables flash memory programming and erasing. (this bit should be set when setting bits 5 to 0, ebr1 bits 7 to 0, and ebr2 bits 3 to 0.) bit 6 swe description 0 programming/erasing disabled (initial value) 1 programming/erasing enabled [setting condition] when fwe = 1 note: do not execute a sleep instruction while the swe bit is set to 1. bit 5?rase setup (esu): prepares for a transition to erase mode. set this bit to 1 before setting the e bit to 1 in flmcr1 (do not set the swe, psu, ev, pv, e, or p bit at the same time). bit 5 esu description 0 erase setup cleared (initial value) 1 erase setup [setting condition] when fwe = 1 and swe = 1 bit 4?rogram setup (psu): prepares for a transition to program mode. set this bit to 1 before setting the p bit to 1 in flmcr1 (do not set the swe, esu, ev, pv, e, or p bit at the same time). bit 4 psu description 0 program setup cleared (initial value) 1 program setup [setting condition] when fwe = 1 and swe = 1 bit 3?rase-verify mode (ev): selects erase-verify mode transition or clearing. (do not set the swe, esu, psu, pv, e, or p bit at the same time.) bit 3 ev description 0 erase-verify mode cleared (initial value) 1 transition to erase-verify mode [setting condition] when fwe = 1 and swe = 1 581 bit 2?rogram-verify mode (pv): selects program-verify mode transition or clearing. (do not set the swe, esu, psu, ev, e, or p bit at the same time.) bit 2 pv description 0 program-verify mode cleared (initial value) 1 transition to program-verify mode [setting condition] when fwe = 1 and swe = 1 bit 1?rase mode (e): selects erase mode transition or clearing. (do not set the swe, esu, psu, ev, pv, or p bit at the same time.) bit 1 e description 0 erase mode cleared (initial value) 1 transition to erase mode [setting condition] when fwe = 1, swe = 1, and esu = 1 note: do not access the flash memory while the e bit is set. bit 0?rogram (p): selects program mode transition or clearing. (do not set the swe, esu, psu, ev, pv, or e bit at the same time.) bit 0 p description 0 program mode cleared (initial value) 1 transition to program mode [setting condition] when fwe = 1, swe = 1, and psu = 1 note: do not access the flash memory while the p bit is set. 582 18.3.2 flash memory control register 2 (flmcr2) bit 76543210 fler initial value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 read/write r r r r r r r r flmcr2 is an 8-bit register used for flash memory operating mode control. flmcr2 is initialized to h'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode and software standby mode. when the on-chip flash memory is disabled, a read will return h'00. note: flmcr2 is a read-only register, and should not be written to. bit 7?lash memory error (fler): indicates that an error has occurred during an operation on flash memory (programming or erasing). when fler is set to 1, flash memory goes to the error- protection state. bit 7 fler description 0 flash memory is operating normally flash memory program/erase protection (error protection) is disabled [clearing condition] reset ( res pin or wdt reset) or hardware standby mode (initial value) 1 an error occurred during flash memory programming/erasing flash memory program/erase protection (error protection) is enabled [setting conditions] ? when flash memory is read during programming/erasing (including a vector read or instruction fetch, but excluding a read of the ram area overlapping flash memory space) ? immediately after the start of exception handling during programming/erasing (excluding reset, illegal instruction, trap instruction, and division-by-zero exception handling) ? when a sleep instruction (including software standby) is executed during programming/erasing ? when the bus is released during programming/erasing bits 6 to 0?eserved: these bits are always read as 0. 583 18.3.3 erase block register 1 (ebr1) bit 76543210 eb7 eb6 eb5 eb4 eb3 eb2 eb1 eb0 initial value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w ebr1 is an 8-bit register that specifies the flash memory erase area block by block. ebr1 is initialized to h'00 by a reset, in hardware standby mode and software standby mode, when a low level is input to the fwe pin, and when a high level is input to the fwe pin and the swe bit in flmcr1 is not set. when a bit in ebr1 is set to 1, the corresponding block can be erased. other blocks are erase-protected. only one bit can be set in ebr1 and ebr2 together; do not set two or more bits at the same time. when the on-chip flash memory is disabled, a read access to this register will return h'00, and erasing is disabled. the flash memory block configuration is shown in table 18.4. to erase the entire flash memory, each block must be erased in turn. as the h8/3068f-ztat does not support on-board programming modes in mode 6, ebr1 register bits cannot be set to 1 in this mode. 18.3.4 erase block register 2 (ebr2) bit 76543210 eb13 eb12 eb11 eb10 eb9 eb8 initial value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 read/write r r r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w ebr2 is an 8-bit register that specifies the flash memory erase area block by block. ebr2 is initialized to h'00 by a reset, in hardware standby mode and software standby mode, and when a low level is input to the fwe pin. when a high level is input to the fwe pin and the swe bit in flmcr1 is not set, it is initialized to bit 0. when a bit in ebr2 is set to 1, the corresponding block can be erased. other blocks are erase-protected. only one bit can be set in ebr1 and ebr2 together; do not set two or more bits at the same time. when the on-chip flash memory is disabled, a read will return h'00, and erasing is disabled. the flash memory block configuration is shown in table 18.4. to erase the entire flash memory, each block must be erased in turn. as the h8/3068f-ztat does not support on-board programming modes in mode 6, ebr2 register bits cannot be set to 1 in this mode. 584 note: bits 7 and 4 in this register are read-only. these bits must not be set to 1. if bits 7 and 4 are set when an ebr1/ebr2 bit is set, ebr1/ebr2 will be initialized to h'00. table 18.4 flash memory erase blocks block (size) addresses eb0 (4 kbytes) h'000000 to h'000fff eb1 (4 kbytes) h'001000 to h'001fff eb2 (4 kbytes) h'002000 to h'002fff eb3 (4 kbytes) h'003000 to h'003fff eb4 (4 kbytes) h'004000 to h'004fff eb5 (4 kbytes) h'005000 to h'005fff eb6 (4 kbytes) h'006000 to h'006fff eb7 (4 kbytes) h'007000 to h'007fff eb8 (32 kbytes) h'008000 to h'00ffff eb9 (64 kbytes) h'010000 to h'01ffff eb10 (64 kbytes) h'020000 to h'02ffff eb11 (64 kbytes) h'030000 to h'03ffff eb12 (64 kbytes) h'040000 to h'04ffff eb13 (64 kbytes) h'050000 to h'05ffff 18.3.5 ram control register (ramcr) bit 76543210 rams ram2 ram1 ram0 initial value 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 read/write r r r r r/w r/w r/w r/w ramcr specifies the area of flash memory to be overlapped with part of ram when emulating realtime flash memory programming. ramcr is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. ramcr settings should be made in user mode or user program mode. flash memory area divisions are shown in table 18.5. to ensure correct operation of the emulation function, the rom for which ram emulation is performed should not be accessed immediately after this register has been modified. normal execution of an access immediately after register modification is not guaranteed. bits 7 to 4?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. 585 bit 3?am select (rams): specifies selection or non-selection of flash memory emulation in ram. when rams = 1, all flash memory blocks are program/erase-protected. bit 3 rams description 0 emulation not selected program/erase-protection of all flash memory blocks is disabled (initial value) 1 emulation selected program/erase-protection of all flash memory blocks is enabled bits 2 to 0?lash memory area selection (ram2 to ram0): these bits are used together with bit 3 to select the flash memory area to be overlapped with ram. (see table 18.5.) table 18.5 flash memory area divisions ram area block name rams ram2 ram1 ram0 h'ffe000 to h'ffefff 4-kbyte ram area 0 *** h'000000 to h'000fff eb0 (4 kbytes) 1000 h'001000 to h'001fff eb1 (4 kbytes) 1001 h'002000 to h'002fff eb2 (4 kbytes) 1010 h'003000 to h'003fff eb3 (4 kbytes) 1011 h'004000 to h'004fff eb4 (4 kbytes) 1100 h'005000 to h'005fff eb5 (4 kbytes) 1101 h'006000 to h'006fff eb6 (4 kbytes) 1110 h'007000 to h'007fff eb7 (4 kbytes) 1111 * : don? care note: flash memory emulation by ram is not supported in mode 6 (single-chip normal mode); therefore, although these bits can be written, they should not be set to 1. when performing flash memory emulation by ram, the rame bit in syscr must be set to 1. 586 18.4 overview of operation 18.4.1 mode transitions when the mode pins and the fwe pin are set in the reset state and a reset-start is executed, the h8/3068f-ztat enters one of the operating modes shown in figure 18.2. in user mode, flash memory can be read but not programmed or erased. flash memory can be programmed and erased in boot mode, user program mode, and prom mode. boot mode and user program mode cannot be used in the h8/3068f-ztat? mode 6 (normal mode with on-chip rom enabled). 587 boot mode on-board programming mode user program mode user mode with on-chip rom enabled reset state prom mode res = 0 fwe = 0 res = 0 res = 0 res = 0 * 1 * 1 * 3 * 2 * 4 * 5 * 4 notes: only make a transition between user mode and user program mode when the cpu is not accessing the flash memory. * 1 ram emulation possible * 2 the h8/3068f-ztat is placed in prom mode by means of a dedicated prom writer. * 3md 2 , md 1 , md 0 = (1, 0, 1) (1, 1, 0) (1, 1, 1) fwe = 0 * 4md 2 , md 1 , md 0 = (1, 0, 1) (1, 1, 1) fwe = 1 * 5md 2 , md 1 , md 0 (0, 0, 1) (0, 1, 1) fwe = 1 figure 18.2 flash memory related state transitions state transitions between the normal and user modes and on-board programming mode are performed by changing the fwe pin level from high to low or from low to high. to prevent misoperation (erroneous programming or erasing) in these cases, the bits in the flash memory control register (flmcr1) should be cleared to 0 before making such a transition. after the bits are cleared, a wait time is necessary. normal operation is not guaranteed if this wait time is insufficient. 588 18.4.2 on-board programming modes example of boot mode operation " # flash memory h8/3068f-ztat ram host programming control program sci application program (old version) new application program flash memory h8/3068f-ztat ram host sci application program (old version) boot program area new application program flash memory h8/3068f-ztat ram host sci flash memory prewrite-erase boot program new application program flash memory h8/3068f-ztat program execution state ram host sci new application program boot program programming control program boot program area # ! " 1. initial state the old program version or data remains written in the flash memory. the user should prepare the programming control program and new application program beforehand in the host. 2. programming control program transfer when boot mode is entered, the boot program in the h8/3068f-ztat (originally incorporated in the chip) is started and the programming control program in the host is transferred to ram via sci communication. the boot program required for flash memory erasing is automatically transferred to the ram boot program area. 3. flash memory initialization the erase program in the boot program area (in ram) is executed, and the flash memory is initialized (to h'ff). in boot mode, total flash memory erasure is performed, without regard to blocks. 4. writing new application program the programming control program transferred from the host to ram is executed, and the new application program in the host is written into the flash memory. boot program boot program programming control program boot program area programming control program 589 example of user program mode operation flash memory h8/3068f-ztat ram host programming/erase control program sci boot program new application program flash memory h8/3068f-ztat ram host sci new application program flash memory h8/3068f-ztat ram host sci flash memory erase boot program new application program flash memory h8/3068f-ztat program execution state ram host sci boot program programming/erase control program boot program fwe assessment program transfer program application program (old version) " application program (old version) fwe assessment program transfer program new application program fwe assessment program transfer program " 1. initial state the fwe assessment program that confirms that user program mode has been entered, and the program that will transfer the programming/ erase control program from flash memory to on-chip ram should be written into the flash memory by the user beforehand. the programming/erase control program should be prepared in the host or in the flash memory. 3. flash memory initialization the programming/erase program in ram is executed, and the flash memory is initialized (to h'ff). erasing can be performed in block units, but not in byte units. 4. writing new application program next, the new application program in the host is written into the erased flash memory blocks. do not write to unerased blocks. 2. programming/erase control program transfer when user program mode is entered, user software recognizes this fact, executes the transfer program in the flash memory, and transfers the programming/erase control program to ram. fwe assessment program transfer program programming/erase control program programming/erase control program 590 18.4.3 flash memory emulation in ram in the h8/3068f-ztat, flash memory programming can be emulated in real time by overlapping the flash memory with part of ram (?verlap ram?. when the emulation block set in ramcr is accessed while the emulation function is being executed, data written in the overlap ram is read. emulation should be performed in user mode or user program mode. application program execution state flash memory emulation block ram sci overlap ram (emulation is performed on data written in ram) figure 18.3 reading overlap ram data in user mode/user program mode when overlap ram data is confirmed, clear the rams bit to cancel ram overlap, and actually perform writes to the flash memory in user program mode. when the programming control program is transferred to ram in on-board programming mode, ensure that the transfer destination and the overlap ram do not overlap, as this will cause data in the overlap ram to be rewritten. 591 application program flash memory ram sci programming control program execution state overlap ram (program data) program data figure 18.4 writing overlap ram data in user program mode 592 18.4.4 block configuration the flash memory in the h8/3068f-ztat is divided into three 64-kbyte blocks, one 32-kbyte block, and eight 4-kbyte blocks. erasing can be carried out in block units. address h'5ffff address h'00000 64 kbytes 32 kbytes 64 kbytes 64 kbytes 64 kbytes 64 kbytes 384 kbytes 4 kbytes 8 593 18.5 on-board programming mode when pins are set to on-board programming mode and a reset-start is executed, the chip enters the on-board programming state in which on-chip flash memory programming, erasing, and verifying can be carried out. there are two operating modes in this mode?oot mode and user program mode. the pin settings for entering each mode are shown in table 18.6. for a diagram of the transitions to the various flash memory modes, see figure 18.2. boot mode and user program mode cannot be used in the h8/3068f-ztat? mode 6 (on-chip rom enabled). table 18.6 on-board programming mode settings mode fwe md 2 md 1 md 0 boot mode mode 5 1 * 1 0 * 2 01 mode 7 0 * 2 11 user program mode mode 5 1 0 1 mode 7 1 1 1 notes: * 1 for the high level input timing, see items 6 and 7 of notes on using the boot mode. * 2 in boot mode, the md 2 setting should be the inverse of the input. in the boot mode in the h8/3068f-ztat, the levels of the mode pins (md 2 to md 0 ) are reflected in mode select bits 2 to 0 (mds2 to mds0) in the mode control register (mdcr). 594 18.5.1 boot mode when boot mode is used, a flash memory programming control program must be prepared beforehand in the host, and sci channel 1, which is to be used, must be set to asynchronous mode. when a reset-start is executed after setting the h8/3068f-ztat?pins to boot mode, the boot program already incorporated in the mcu is activated, and the programming control program prepared beforehand in the host is transmitted sequentially to the h8/3068f-ztat, using the sci. in the h8/3068f-ztat, the programming control program received via the sci is written into the programming control program area in on-chip ram. after the transfer is completed, control branches to the start address (h'ffc720) of the programming control program area and the programming control program execution state is entered (flash memory programming/erasing can be performed). figure 18.5 shows a system configuration diagram when using boot mode, and figure 18.6 shows the boot program mode execution procedure. rxd1 txd1 sci1 h8/3068f-ztat flash memory reception of programming data transmission of verify data host on-chip ram figure 18.5 system configuration when using boot mode 595 n = n? yes no set pins to boot program mode and execute reset-start n = 1 n + 1 n host transfers data (h'00) continuously at prescribed bit rate h8/3068f-ztat measures low period of h'00 data transmitted by host after bit rate adjustment, h8/3068f-ztat transmits one h'00 data byte to host to indicate end of adjustment host confirms normal reception of bit rate adjustment end indication (h'00), and transmits one h'55 data byte after receiving h'55, h8/3068f-ztat transmits one h'aa byte to host host transmits number of programming control program bytes (n), upper byte followed by lower byte h8/3068f-ztat transmits received number of bytes to host as verify data (echo-back) host transmits programming control program sequentially in byte units h8/3068f-ztat transmits received programming control program to host as verify data (echo-back) transfer received programming control program to on-chip ram end of transmission check flash memory data, and if data has already been written, erase all blocks after confirming that all flash memory data has been erased, h8/3068f-ztat transmits one h'aa byte to host execute programming control program transferred to on-chip ram start h8/3068f-ztat calculates bit rate and sets value in bit rate register note: if a memory cell does not operate normally and cannot be erased, one h'ff byte is transmitted as an erase error indication, and the erase operation and subsequent operations are halted. figure 18.6 boot mode execution procedure 596 automatic sci bit rate adjustment: start bit stop bit d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 low period (9 bits) measured (h'00 data) high period (1 or more bits) when boot mode is initiated, the h8/3068f-ztat measures the low period of the asynchronous sci communication data (h'00) transmitted continuously from the host. the sci transmit/receive format should be set as 8-bit data, 1 stop bit, no parity. the h8/3068f-ztat calculates the bit rate of the transmission from the host from the measured low period, and transmits one h'00 byte to the host to indicate the end of bit rate adjustment. the host should confirm that this adjustment end indication (h'00) has been received normally, and transmit one h'55 byte to the h8/3068f- ztat. if reception cannot be performed normally, initiate boot mode again (reset), and repeat the above operations. depending on the host? transmission bit rate and the h8/3068f-ztat? system clock frequency, there will be a discrepancy between the bit rates of the host and the h8/3068f- ztat. to ensure correct sci operation, the host? transfer bit rate should be set to 4800, 9600, or 19,200 bps * . table 18.7 shows typical host transfer bit rates and system clock frequencies for which automatic adjustment of the h8/3068f-ztat bit rate is possible. the boot program should be executed within this system clock range. table 18.7 system clock frequencies for which automatic adjustment of h8/3068f-ztat bit rate is possible host bit rate (bps) system clock frequency for which automatic adjustment of h8/3068f-ztat bit rate is possible (mhz) 19,200 16 to 25 9,600 8 to 25 4,800 4 to 25 note: * only use a setting of 4800, 9600, or 19200 bps for the host? bit rate. no other settings can be used. although the h8/3068f-ztat may also perform automatic bit rate adjustment with bit rate and system clock combinations other than those shown in table 18.7, a degree of error will arise between the bit rates of the host and the h8/3068f-ztat, and subsequent transfer will not be performed normally. therefore, only a combination of bit rate and system clock frequency within one of the ranges shown in table 18.7 can be used for boot mode execution. 597 on-chip ram area divisions in boot mode: in boot mode, the ram area is divided into an area used by the boot program and an area to which the user program is transferred via the sci, as shown in figure 18.7. the boot program area becomes available when a transition is made to the execution state for the user program transferred to ram. h'ffbf20 h'ffc71f h'ffc720 user program transfer area boot program area h'ffff1f note: the boot program area cannot be used until a transition is made to the execution state for the user program transferred to ram. note also that the boot program remains in this area in ram even after control branches to the user program. figure 18.7 ram areas in boot mode notes on use of boot mode: 1. when the h8/3068f-ztat chip comes out of reset in boot mode, it measures the low period of the input at the sci? rxd 1 pin. the reset should end with rxd 1 high. after the reset ends, it takes about 100 states for the chip to get ready to measure the low period of the rxd 1 input. 2. in boot mode, if any data has been programmed into the flash memory (if all data is not 1), all flash memory blocks are erased. boot mode is for use when user program mode is unavailable, such as the first time on-board programming is performed, or if the program activated in user program mode is accidentally erased. 3. interrupts cannot be used while the flash memory is being programmed or erased. 4. the rxd 1 and txd 1 lines should be pulled up on the board. 5. before branching to the user program the h8/3068f-ztat terminates transmit and receive operations by the on-chip sci (channel 1) (by clearing the re and te bits to 0 in the serial control register (scr)), but the adjusted bit rate value remains set in the bit rate register (brr). the transmit data output pin, txd 1 , goes to the high-level output state (p9 1 ddr = 1 in p9ddr, p9 1 dr = 1 in p9dr). 598 the contents of the cpu? internal general registers are undefined at this time, so these registers must be initialized immediately after branching to the user program. in particular, since the stack pointer (sp) is used implicitly in subroutine calls, etc., a stack area must be specified for use by the user program. the initial values of other on-chip registers are not changed. 6. boot mode can be entered by setting pins md 0 to md 2 and fwe in accordance with the mode setting conditions shown in table 18.6, and then executing a reset-start. a. when switching from boot mode to normal mode, the boot mode state within the chip must first be cleared by reset input via the res pin * 1 . the res pin must be held low for at least 20 system clock cycles. * 3 b. do not change the input levels of the mode pins (md 2 to md 0 ) or the fwe pin in boot mode. to change the mode, the res pin must first be driven low to set the reset state. also, if a watchdog timer reset occurs in the boot mode state, the mcu?s internal state will not be cleared, and the on-chip boot program will be restarted regardless of the mode pin states. c. the fwe pin must not be driven low while the boot program is running or flash memory is being programmed or erased * 2 . 7. if the mode pin input levels are changed (for example, from low to high) during a reset, the state of ports with multiplexed address functions and bus control output signals ( csn , as , rd , lwr , hwr ) may also change according to the change in the mcu?s operating mode. therefore, care must be taken to make pin settings to prevent these pins from being used directly as output signal pins during a reset, or to prevent collision with signals outside the mcu. h8/3068f-ztat md2 md1 md0 fwe res csn system control unit external memory, etc. notes: *1 mode pin and fwe pin input must satisfy the mode programming setup time (t mds ) with respect to the reset release timing. *2 for further information on fwe application and disconnection, see section 18.11, flash memory programming and erasing precautions. 599 *3 see section 4.2.2, reset sequence, and section 18.11, flash memory programming and erasing precautions. the h8/3068f-ztat requires a minimum of 20 system clock cycles for a reset during operation. 18.5.2 user program mode when set to user program mode, the h8/3068f-ztat can program and erase its flash memory by executing a user program/erase control program. therefore, on-board reprogramming of the on- chip flash memory can be carried out by providing on-board means of fwe control and supply of programming data, and storing a program/erase control program in part of the program area as necessary. to select user program mode, select a mode that enables the on-chip rom (mode 5 or 7), and apply a high level to the fwe pin. in this mode, on-chip supporting modules other than flash memory operate as they normally would in modes 5 and 7. flash memory programming/erasing should not be carried out in mode 6. when mode 6 is set, the fwe pin must be driven low. the flash memory itself cannot be read while being programmed or erased, so the program that performs programming should be placed in external memory or transferred to ram and executed there. figure 18.8 shows the execution procedure when user program mode is entered during program execution in ram. it is also possible to start from user program mode in a reset-start. 600 md 2 ?d 0 = 101 or 111 reset-start transfer programming/erase control program to ram branch to programming/erase control program in ram area fwe = high (user program mode) execute programming/erase control program in ram (flash memory rewriting) clear swe bit, then release fwe (user program mode clearing) branch to application program in flash memory write fwe assessment program and transfer program (and programming/erase control program if necessary) beforehand notes: 1. do not apply a constant high level to the fwe pin. a high level should be applied to the fwe pin only when programming or erasing flash memory (including execution of flash memory emulation by ram). also, while a high level is applied to the fwe pin, the watchdog timer should be activated to prevent overprogramming or overerasing due to program runaway, etc. 2. for further information on fwe application and disconnection, see section 18.11, flash memory programming and erasing precautions. 3. in order to execute a normal read of flash memory in user program mode, the programming/erase program must not be executing. it is thus necessary to ensure that bits 6 to 0 in flmcr1 are cleared to 0. figure 18.8 example of user program mode execution procedure 601 18.6 flash memory programming/erasing a software method, using the cpu, is employed to program and erase flash memory in the on- board programming modes. there are four flash memory operating modes: program mode, erase mode, program-verify mode, and erase-verify mode. transitions to these modes for addresses h'000000 to h'03ffff are made by setting the psu, esu, p, e, pv, and ev bits in flmcr1. the flash memory cannot be read while being programmed or erased. therefore, the program (user program) that controls flash memory programming/erasing should be located and executed in on-chip ram or external memory. see section 18.11, flash memory programming and erasing precautions, for points to be noted when programming or erasing the flash memory. in the following operation descriptions, wait times after setting or clearing individual bits in flmcr1 are given as parameters; for details of the wait times, see section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. notes: 1. operation is not guaranteed if setting/resetting of the swe, esu, psu, ev, pv, e, and p bits in flmcr1 is executed by a program in flash memory. 2. when programming or erasing, set fwe to 1 (programming/erasing will not be executed if fwe = 0). 3. programming must be executed in the erased state. do not perform additional programming on addresses that have already been programmed. 602 normal mode on-board programming mode software programming disable state erase setup state erase mode program mode erase-verify mode program setup state program-verify mode swe = 1 swe = 0 fwe = 1 fwe = 0 e = 1 e = 0 p = 1 p = 0 software programming enable state * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 notes: in order to perform a normal read of flash memory, swe must be cleared to 0. also note that verify-reads can be performed during the programming/erasing process. * 1 : normal mode : on-board programming mode * 2 do not make a state transition by setting or clearing multiple bits simultaneously. * 3 after a transition from erase mode to the erase setup state, do not enter erase mode without passing through the software programming enable state. * 4 after a transition from program mode to the program setup state, do not enter program mode without passing through the software programming enable state. esu = 0 esu = 1 psu = 1 psu = 0 pv = 1 pv = 0 ev = 0 ev = 1 figure 18.9 flmcr1 bit settings and state transitions 603 18.6.1 program mode when writing data or programs to flash memory, the program/program-verify flowchart shown in figure 18.10 should be followed. performing programming operations according to this flowchart will enable data or programs to be written to flash memory without subjecting the device to voltage stress or sacrificing program data reliability. programming should be carried out 128 bytes at a time. the wait times after bits are set or cleared in the flash memory control register 1 (flmcr1) and the maximum number of programming operations (n) are shown in table 21.10 in section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. following the elapse of (t sswe ) m s or more after the swe bit is set to 1 in flmcr1, 128-byte data is written consecutively to the write addresses. the lower 8 bits of the first address written to must be h'00 and h'80, 128 consecutive byte data transfers are performed. the program address and program data are latched in the flash memory. a 128-byte data transfer must be performed even if writing fewer than 128 bytes; in this case, h'ff data must be written to the extra addresses. next, the watchdog timer (wdt) is set to prevent overprogramming due to program runaway, etc. set a value greater than (t spsu + t sp + t cp + t cpsu ) m s as the wdt overflow period. preparation for entering program mode (program setup) is performed next by setting the psu bit in flmcr1. the operating mode is then switched to program mode by setting the p bit in flmcr1 after the elapse of at least (t spsu ) m s. the time during which the p bit is set is the flash memory programming time. make a program setting so that the time for one programming operation is within the range of (t sp ) m s. the wait time after p bit setting must be changed according to the degree of progress through the programming operation. for details see ?otes on program/program-verify mode. 604 18.6.2 program-verify mode in program-verify mode, the data written in program mode is read to check whether it has been correctly written in the flash memory. after the elapse of the given programming time, clear the p bit in flmcr1, then wait for at least (t cp ) m s before clearing the psu bit to exit program mode. after exiting program mode, the watchdog timer setting is also cleared. the operating mode is then switched to program-verify mode by setting the pv bit in flmcr1. before reading in program-verify mode, a dummy write of h'ff data should be made to the addresses to be read. the dummy write should be executed after the elapse of (t spv ) m s or more. when the flash memory is read in this state (verify data is read in 16-bit units), the data at the latched address is read. wait at least (t spvr ) m s after the dummy write before performing this read operation. next, the originally written data is compared with the verify data, and reprogram data is computed (see figure 18.10) and transferred to ram. after verification of 128 bytes of data has been completed, exit program-verify mode, wait for at least (t cpv ) m s, then clear the swe bit in flmcr1. if reprogramming is necessary, set program mode again, and repeat the program/program-verify sequence as before. the maximum number of repetitions of the program/program-verify sequence is indicated by the maximum programming count (n). leave a wait time of at least (t cswe ) m s after clearing swe. notes on program/program-verify procedure 1. the program/program-verify procedure for the h8/3068f-ztat uses a 128-byte-unit programming algorithm. in order to perform 128-byte-unit programming, the lower 8 bits of the write start address must be h'00 or h'80. 2. when performing continuous writing of 128-byte data to flash memory, byte-unit transfer should be used. 128-byte data transfer is necessary even when writing fewer than 128 bytes of data. write h'ff data to the extra addresses. 3. verify data is read in word units. 4. the write pulse is applied and a flash memory write executed while the p bit in flmcr1 is set. in the h8/3068f-ztat, write pulses should be applied as follows in the program/program- verify procedure to prevent voltage stress on the device and loss of write data reliability. a. after write pulse application, perform a verify-read in program-verify mode and apply a write pulse again for any bits read as 1 (reprogramming processing). when all the 0-write bits in the 128-byte write data are read as 0 in the verify-read operation, the program/program-verify procedure is completed. in the h8/3068f-ztat, the number of loops in reprogramming processing is guaranteed not to exceed the maximum value of the maximum programming count (n). 605 b. after write pulse application, a verify-read is performed in program-verify mode, and programming is judged to have been completed for bits read as 0. the following processing is necessary for programmed bits. when programming is completed at an early stage in the program/program-verify procedure: if programming is completed in the 1st to 6th reprogramming processing loop, additional programming should be performed on the relevant bits. additional programming should only be performed on bits which first return 0 in a verify-read in certain reprogramming processing. when programming is completed at a late stage in the program/program-verify procedure: if programming is completed in the 7th or later reprogramming processing loop, additional programming is not necessary for the relevant bits. c. if programming of other bits is incomplete in the 128 bytes, reprogramming processing should be executed. if a bit for which programming has been judged to be completed is read as 1 in a subsequent verify-read, a write pulse should again be applied to that bit. 5. the period for which the p bit in flmcr1 is set (the write pulse width) should be changed according to the degree of progress through the program/program-verify procedure. for detailed wait time specifications, see section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. item symbol item symbol wait time after t sp when reprogramming loop count (n) is 1 to 6 t sp 30 p bit setting when reprogramming loop count (n) is 7 or more t sp 200 in case of additional programming processing * t sp 10 note: * additional programming processing is necessary only when the reprogramming loop count (n) is 1 to 6. 6. the program/program-verify flowchart for the h8/3068f-ztat is shown in figure 18.10. to cover the points noted above, bits on which reprogramming processing is to be executed, and bits on which additional programming is to be executed, must be determined as shown below. since reprogram data and additional-programming data vary according to the progress of the programming procedure, it is recommended that the following data storage areas (128 bytes each) be provided in ram. 606 reprogram data computation table (d) result of verify-read after write pulse application (v) (x) result of operation comments 0 0 1 programming completed: reprogramming processing not to be executed 0 1 0 programming incomplete: reprogramming processing to be executed 10 1 1 1 1 still in erased state: no action legend (d): source data of bits on which programming is executed (x): source data of bits on which reprogramming is executed additional-programming data computation table (x') result of verify-read after write pulse application (v) (y) result of operation comments 0 0 0 programming by write pulse application judged to be completed: additional programming processing to be executed 0 1 1 programming by write pulse application incomplete: additional programming processing not to be executed 1 0 1 programming already completed: additional programming processing not to be executed 1 1 1 still in erased state: no action legend (y): data of bits on which additional programming is executed (x'): data of bits on which reprogramming is executed in a certain reprogramming loop 7. it is necessary to execute additional programming processing during the course of the h8/3068f-ztat program/program-verify procedure. however, once 128-byte-unit programming is finished, additional programming should not be carried out on the same address area. when executing reprogramming, an erase must be executed first. note that normal operation of reads, etc., is not guaranteed if additional programming is performed on addresses for which a program/program-verify operation has finished. 607 start end of programming set swe bit in flmcr1 start of programming write pulse application subroutine wait (t sswe ) m s sub-routine write pulse end sub set psu bit in flmcr1 wdt enable disable wdt number of writes (n) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 998 999 1000 note * 6: write pulse width write time (tsp) m sec 30 30 30 30 30 30 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 wait (t spsu ) m s set p bit in flmcr1 wait (t sp ) m s clear p bit in flmcr1 wait (t cp ) m s clear psu bit in flmcr1 wait (t cpsu ) m s n= 1 m= 0 ng ng ng ng ok ok ok wait (t spv ) m s wait (t spvr ) m s * 2 * 7 * 7 * 4 * 7 * 7 start of programming programming halted * 5 * 7 * 7 * 7 * 1 wait (t cpv ) m s write pulse sub-routine-call set pv bit in flmcr1 h'ff dummy write to verify address read verify data write data = verify data? * 4 * 3 * 7 * 7 * 7 * 1 transfer reprogram data to reprogram data area reprogram data computation * 4 transfer additional-programming data to additional-programming data area additional-programming data computation clear pv bit in flmcr1 clear swe bit in flmcr1 m = 1 reprogram see note * 6 for pulse width m= 0 ? increment address programming failure ok clear swe bit in flmcr1 wait (t cswe ) m s ng ok 6 n? ng ok 6 n ? wait (t cswe ) m s n n? n n + 1 original data (d) verify data (v) reprogram data (x) comments programming completed still in erased state; no action programming incomplete; reprogram note: use a 10 m s write pulse for additional programming. consecutively write 128-byte data in reprogram data area in ram to flash memory ram program data storage area (128 bytes) reprogram data storage area (128 bytes) additional-programming data storage area (128 bytes) store 128-byte program data in program data area and reprogram data area write pulse (additional programming) sub-routine-call 128-byte data verification completed? consecutively write 128-byte data in additional- programming data area in ram to flash memory reprogram data computation table reprogram data (x') verify data (v) additional- programming data (y) 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 comments additional programming to be executed additional programming not to be executed additional programming not to be executed additional programming not to be executed 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 additional-programming data computation table perform programming in the erased state. do not perform additional programming on previously programmed addresses. notes: * 1 data transfer is performed by byte transfer. the lower 8 bits of the first address written to must be h'00 or h'80. a 128-byte data transfer must be performed even if writing fewer than 128 bytes; in this case, h'ff data must be written to the extra addresses. * 2 verify data is read in 16-bit (word) units. * 3 reprogram data is determined by the operation shown in the table below (comparison between the data stored in the program data area and the verify data). bits for which the reprogram data is 0 are programmed in the next reprogramming loop. therefore, even bits for which programming has bee n completed will be subjected to programming once again if the result of the subsequent verify operation is ng. * 4 a 128-byte area for storing program data, a 128-byte area for storing reprogram data, and a 128-byte area for storing addition al-programming data must be provided in ram. the contents of the reprogram data area and additional-programming data area are modified as programming proceeds. * 5 a write pulse of 30 m s or 200 m s is applied according to the progress of the programming operation. see note 6 for details of the pulse widths. when writing o f additional-programming data is executed, a 10 m s write pulse should be applied. reprogram data x' means reprogram data when the write pulse is applied. * 7 the wait times and value of n are shown in section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. figure 18.10 program/program-verify flowchart (128-byte programming) 608 18.6.3 erase mode when erasing flash memory, the single-block erase flowchart shown in figure 18.11 should be followed. the wait times after bits are set or cleared in the flash memory control register 1 (flmcr1) and the maximum number of erase operations (n) are shown in table 21.10 in section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. to erase flash memory contents, make a 1-bit setting for the flash memory area to be erased in erase block register 1 and 2 (ebr1, ebr2) at least (t sswe ) m s after setting the swe bit to 1 in flmcr1. next, the watchdog timer (wdt) is set to prevent overerasing due to program runaway, etc. set a value greater than (t se ) ms + (t sesu + t ce + t cesu ) m s as the wdt overflow period. preparation for entering erase mode (erase setup) is performed next by setting the esu bit in flmcr1. the operating mode is then switched to erase mode by setting the e bit in flmcr1 after the elapse of at least (t sesu ) m s. the time during which the e bit is set is the flash memory erase time. ensure that the erase time does not exceed (t se ) ms. note: with flash memory erasing, preprogramming (setting all memory data in the memory to be erased to all 0) is not necessary before starting the erase procedure. 18.6.4 erase-verify mode in erase-verify mode, data is read after memory has been erased to check whether it has been correctly erased. after the elapse of the fixed erase time, clear the e bit in flmcr1, then wait for at least (t ce ) m s before clearing the esu bit to exit erase mode. after exiting erase mode, the watchdog timer setting is also cleared. the operating mode is then switched to erase-verify mode by setting the ev bit in flmcr1. before reading in erase-verify mode, a dummy write of h'ff data should be made to the addresses to be read. the dummy write should be executed after the elapse of (t sev ) m s or more. when the flash memory is read in this state (verify data is read in 16-bit units), the data at the latched address is read. wait at least (t sevr ) m s after the dummy write before performing this read operation. if the read data has been erased (all 1), a dummy write is performed to the next address, and erase-verify is performed. if the read data is unerased, set erase mode again, and repeat the erase/erase-verify sequence as before. the maximum number of repetitions of the erase/erase-verify sequence is indicated by the maximum erase count (n). when verification is completed, exit erase-verify mode, and wait for at least (t cev ) m s. if erasure has been completed on all the erase blocks, clear the swe bit in flmcr1, and leave a wait time of at least (t cswe ) m s. if erasing multiple blocks, set a single bit in ebr1/ebr2 for the next block to be erased, and repeat the erase/erase-verify sequence as before. 609 end of erasing start set swe bit in flmcr1 set esu bit in flmcr1 set e bit in flmcr1 wait (t sswe ) m s wait (t sesu ) m s n = 1 set ebr1 or ebr2 enable wdt * 3 * 4 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 wait (t se ) ms wait (t ce ) m s wait (t cesu ) m s wait (t sev ) m s set block start address as verify address wait (t sevr ) m s * 2 wait (t cev ) m s start of erase clear e bit in flmcr1 clear esu bit in flmcr1 set ev bit in flmcr1 h'ff dummy write to verify address read verify data clear ev bit in flmcr1 wait (t cev ) m s clear ev bit in flmcr1 re-erase clear swe bit in flmcr1 disable wdt end of erase * 1 verify data = all 1s? last address of block? erase failure clear swe bit in flmcr1 n n? no no no yes yes yes n n + 1 increment address wait (t cswe ) m s wait (t cswe ) m s notes: * 1 prewriting (setting erase block data to all 0s) is not necessary. * 2 verify data is read in 16-bit (word) units. * 3 make only a single-bit specification in the erase block registers (ebr1 and ebr2). two or more bits must not be set simultaneo usly. * 4 erasing is performed in block units. to erase multiple blocks, each block must be erased in turn. * 5 the wait times and the value of n are shown in section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. perform erasing in block units. figure 18.11 erase/erase-verify flowchart (single-block erasing) 610 18.7 flash memory protection there are three kinds of flash memory program/erase protection: hardware, software, and error protection. 18.7.1 hardware protection hardware protection refers to a state in which programming/erasing of flash memory is forcibly disabled or aborted. in this state, the settings in flash memory control register 1 (flmcr1) and erase block registers 1 and 2 (ebr1, ebr2) are reset. in the error protection state, the flmcr1, ebr1, and ebr2 settings are retained; the p bit and e bit can be set, but a transition is not made to program mode or erase mode. (see table 18.8.) table 18.8 hardware protection function item description program erase verify fwe pin protection ? when a low level is input to the fwe pin, flmcr1, ebr1, and ebr2 are initialized, and the program/erase-protected state is entered. not possible * 1 not possible * 3 not possible reset/ standby protection ? in a reset (including a wdt overflow reset) and in standby mode, flmcr1, flmcr2, ebr1, and ebr2 are initialized, and the program/erase-protected state is entered. ? in a reset via the res pin, the reset state is not entered unless the res pin is held low until oscillation stabilizes after powering on. in the case of a reset during operation, hold the res pin low for the res pulse width specified in the ac characteristics section. * 4 not possible not possible * 3 not possible error protection ? when a microcomputer operation error (error generation (fler = 1)) was detected while flash memory was being programmed/erased, error protection is enabled. at this time, the flmcr1, ebr1, and ebr2 settings are held, but programming/erasing is aborted at the time the error was generated. error protection is released only by a reset via the res pin or a wdt reset, or in the hardware standby mode. not possible not possible * 3 possible * 2 notes: * 1 the ram area that overlapped flash memory is deleted. * 2 it is possible to perform a program-verify operation on the 128 bytes being programmed, or an erase-verify operation on the block being erased. 611 * 3 all blocks are unerasable and block-by-block specification is not possible. * 4 see section 4.2.2, reset sequence, and section 18.11, flash memory programming and erasing precautions. the h8/3068f-ztat requires a minimum of 20 system clock cycles for a reset during operation. 18.7.2 software protection software protection can be implemented by setting the erase block register 1 (ebr1), erase block register 2 (ebr2), and the rams bit in the ram control register (ramcr). with software protection, setting the p or e bit in the flash memory control register 1 (flmcr1) does not cause a transition to program mode or erase mode. (see table 18.9.) table 18.9 software protection functions item description program erase verify block protection ? erase protection can be set for individual blocks by settings in erase block register 1 (ebr1) and erase block register 2 (ebr2) * 2 . however, programming protection is disabled. ? setting ebr1 and ebr2 to h'00 places all blocks in the erase-protected state. not possible possible emulation protection ? setting the rams bit 1 in ramcr places all blocks in the program/erase-protected state. not possible * 1 not possible * 3 possible notes: * 1 the ram area overlapping flash memory can be written to. * 2 when not erasing, set ebr1 and ebr2 to h'00. * 3 all blocks are unerasable and block-by-block specification is not possible. 18.7.3 error protection in error protection, an error is detected when mcu runaway occurs during flash memory programming/erasing * 1 , or operation is not performed in accordance with the program/erase algorithm, and the program/erase operation is aborted. aborting the program/erase operation prevents damage to the flash memory due to overprogramming or overerasing. if the mcu malfunctions during flash memory programming/erasing, the fler bit is set to 1 in the flash memory status register (flmsr2) and the error protection state is entered. flmcr1, flmcr2, ebr1, and ebr2 settings * 3 are retained, but program mode or erase mode is aborted at the point at which the error occurred. program mode or erase mode cannot be re-entered by re- 612 setting the p or e bit in flmcr. however, pv and ev bit setting is enabled, and a transition can be made to verify mode * 2 . fler bit setting conditions are as follows: 1. when flash memory is read during programming/erasing (including a vector read or instruction fetch) 2. immediately after the start of exception handling during programming/erasing (excluding reset, illegal instruction, trap instruction, and division-by-zero exception handling) 3. when a sleep instruction (including software standby) is executed during programming/erasing 4. when the bus is released during programming/erasing error protection is released only by a res pin or wdt reset, or in hardware standby mode. notes: *1 state in which the p bit or e bit in flmcr1 is set to 1. note that nmi input is disabled in this state. *2 it is possible to perform a program-verify operation on the 128 bytes being programmed, or an erase-verify on the block being erased. *3 flmcr1, ebr1, and ebr2 can be written to. however, the registers are initialized if a transition is made to software standby mode while in the error protection state. figure 18.12 shows the flash memory state transition diagram. 613 rd vf pr er fler = 0 error occurrence res = 0 or stby = 0 res = 0 or stby = 0 rd vf pr er init fler = 0 program mode erase mode reset or standby (hardware protection) rd vf pr er fler = 1 rd vf pr er init fler = 1 error protection mode error protection mode (software standby) software standby mode flmcr1, ebr1, ebr2 initialization state flmcr1, flmcr2, ebr1, ebr2 initialization state software standby mode release rd: memory read possible vf: verify-read possible pr: programming possible er: erasing possible rd : memory read not possible vf : verify-read not possible pr : programming not possible er : erasing not possible init: register initialization state res = 0 or stby = 0 error occurrence (software standby) figure 18.12 flash memory state transitions (when high level is applied to fwe pin in mode 5 or 7 (on-chip rom enabled)) the error protection function is invalid for abnormal operations other than the fler bit setting conditions. also, if a certain time has elapsed before this protection state is entered, damage may already have been caused to the flash memory. consequently, this function cannot provide complete protection against damage to flash memory. to prevent such abnormal operations, therefore, it is necessary to ensure correct operation in accordance with the program/erase algorithm, with the flash write enable (fwe) voltage applied, and to conduct constant monitoring for mcu errors, internally and externally, using the watchdog timer or other means. there may also be cases where the flash memory is in an erroneous programming or erroneous erasing state at the point of transition to this protection mode, or where programming or erasing is not properly carried out because of an abort. in cases such as these, a forced recovery (program rewrite) must be executed using boot mode. however, it may also happen that boot mode cannot be normally initiated because of overprogramming or overerasing. 614 18.8 flash memory emulation in ram making a setting in the ram control register (ramcr) enables part of ram to be overlapped onto the flash memory area so that data to be written to flash memory can be emulated in ram in real time. after the ramcr setting has been made, accesses can be made from the flash memory area or the ram area overlapping flash memory. emulation can be performed in user mode and user program mode. figure 18.13 shows an example of emulation of realtime flash memory programming. yes no set ramcr write tuning data to overlap ram execute application program tuning ok? clear ramcr write to flash memory emulation block start of emulation program end of emulation program figure 18.13 flowchart of flash memory emulation in ram 615 h'00000 h'01000 h'02000 h'03000 h'04000 h'05000 h'06000 h'07000 h'08000 h'5ffff flash memory eb8 to eb13 this area can be accessed from both the ram area and flash memory area eb0 eb1 eb2 eb3 eb4 eb5 eb6 eb7 h'ffe000 h'ffefff h'ffff1f on-chip ram figure 18.14 example of ram overlap operation example of flash memory block area eb0 overlapping 1. set bits rams and ram2 to ram0 in ramcr to 1,0, 0, 0, to overlap part of ram onto the area (eb0) for which realtime programming is required. 2. realtime programming is performed using the overlapping ram. 3. after the program data has been confirmed, the rams bit is cleared, releasing ram overlap. 4. the data written in the overlapping ram is written into the flash memory space (eb0). notes: 1. when the rams bit is set to 1, program/erase protection is enabled for all blocks regardless of the value of ram2 to ram0 (emulation protection). in this state, setting the p or e bit in flmcr1 will not cause a transition to program mode or erase mode. when actually programming or erasing a flash memory area, the rams bit should be cleared to 0. 2. a ram area cannot be erased by execution of software in accordance with the erase algorithm while flash memory emulation in ram is being used. 3. block area eb0 contains the vector table. when performing ram emulation, the vector table is needed in the overlap ram. 616 4. as in on-board programming mode, care is required when applying and releasing fwe to prevent erroneous programming or erasing. to prevent erroneous programming and erasing due to program runaway during fwe application, in particular, the watchdog timer should be set when the psu, p, esu, or e bit is set to 1 in flmcr1, even while the emulation function is being used. 5. when the emulation function is used, nmi input is prohibited when the p bit or e bit is set to 1 in flmcr1, in the same way as with normal programming and erasing. the p and e bits are cleared by a reset (including a watchdog timer reset), in standby mode, when a high level is not being input to the fwe pin, or when the swe bit in flmcr1 is 0 while a high level is being input to the fwe pin. 18.9 nmi input disabling conditions all interrupts, including nmi input, should be disabled while flash memory is being programmed or erased (while the p bit or e bit is set in flmcr1), and while the boot program is executing in boot mode * 1 , to give priority to the program or erase operation. there are three reasons for this: 1. nmi input during programming or erasing might cause a violation of the programming or erasing algorithm, with the result that normal operation could not be assured. 2. in the nmi exception handling sequence during programming or erasing, the vector would not be read correctly * 2 , possibly resulting in mcu runaway. 3. if nmi input occurred during boot program execution, it would not be possible to execute the normal boot mode sequence. for these reasons, in on-board programming mode alone there are conditions for disabling nmi input, as an exception to the general rule. however, this provision does not guarantee normal erasing and programming or mcu operation. all interrupt requests (exception handling and bus release), including nmi, must therefore be restricted inside and outside the mcu during fwe application. nmi input is also disabled in the error protection state and while the p or e bit remains set in flmcr1 during flash memory emulation in ram. notes: *1 this is the interval until a branch is made to the boot program area in the on-chip ram (this branch takes place immediately after transfer of the user program is completed). consequently, after the branch to the ram area, nmi input is enabled except during programming and erasing. interrupt requests must therefore be disabled inside and outside the mcu until the user program has completed initial programming (including the vector table and the nmi interrupt handling routine). *2 the vector may not be read correctly in this case for the following two reasons: ? if flash memory is read while being programmed or erased (while the p bit or e bit is set in flmcr1), correct read data will not be obtained (undetermined values will be returned). ? if the entry in the interrupt vector table has not been programmed yet, interrupt exception handling will not be executed correctly. 617 18.10 flash memory prom mode the h8/3068f-ztat has a prom mode as well as the on-board programming modes for programming and erasing flash memory. in prom mode, the on-chip rom can be freely programmed using a general-purpose prom writer that supports the hitachi microcomputer device type with 256-kbyte on-chip flash memory. 18.10.1 socket adapters and memory map in prom mode using a prom writer, memory reading (verification) and writing and flash memory initialization (total erasure) can be performed. for these operations, a special socket adapter is mounted in the prom writer. the socket adapter product codes are given in table 18.10. in the h8/3068f-ztat prom mode, only the socket adapters shown in this table should be used. table 18.10 h8/3068f-ztat socket adapter product codes product code package socket adapter product code manufacturer HD64F3068f 100-pin qfp (fp-100b) me3064eshf1h minato electronics inc. HD64F3068te 100-pin tqfp (tfp-100b) me3064esnf1h HD64F3068f 100-pin qfp (fp-100b) hf306bq100d4001 data i/o japan co. HD64F3068te 100-pin tqfp (tfp-100b) hf306bt100d4001 figure 18.15 shows the memory map in prom mode. h8/3068f-ztat h'000000 h'05ffff h'00000 h'5ffff mcu mode prom mode on-chip rom figure 18.15 memory map in prom mode 618 18.10.2 notes on use of prom mode 1. a write to a 128-byte programming unit in prom mode should be performed once only. erasing must be carried out before reprogramming an address that has already been programmed. 2. when using a prom writer to reprogram a device on which on-board programming/erasing has been performed, it is recommended that erasing be carried out before executing programming. 3. the memory is initially in the erased state when the device is shipped by hitachi. for samples for which the erasure history is unknown, it is recommended that erasing be executed to check and correct the initialization (erase) level. 4. the h8/3068f-ztat does not support a product identification mode as used with general- purpose eproms, and therefore the device name cannot be set automatically in the prom writer. 5. refer to the instruction manual provided with the socket adapter, or other relevant documentation, for information on prom writers and associated program versions that are compatible with the prom mode of the h8/3068f-ztat. 18.11 flash memory programming and erasing precautions precautions concerning the use of on-board programming mode, the ram emulation function, and prom mode are summarized below. 1. use the specified voltages and timing for programming and erasing. applied voltages in excess of the rating can permanently damage the device. use a prom programmer that supports the hitachi microcomputer device type ?-ztat512?with 512- kbyte on-chip flash memory. 2. powering on and off (see figures 18.16 to 18.18) do not apply a high level to the fwe pin until v cc has stabilized. also, drive the fwe pin low before turning off v cc . when applying or disconnecting v cc power, fix the fwe pin low and place the flash memory in the hardware protection state. the power-on and power-off timing requirements should also be satisfied in the event of a power failure and subsequent recovery. failure to do so may result in overprogramming or overerasing due to mcu runaway, and loss of normal memory cell operation. 3. fwe application/disconnection fwe application should be carried out when mcu operation is in a stable condition. if mcu operation is not stable, fix the fwe pin low and set the protection state. the following points must be observed concerning fwe application and disconnection to prevent unintentional programming or erasing of flash memory: 619 apply fwe when the v cc voltage has stabilized within its rated voltage range. if fwe is applied when the mcu? v cc power supply is not within its rated voltage range, mcu operation will be unstable and flash memory may be erroneously programmed or erased. apply fwe when oscillation has stabilized (after the elapse of the oscillation settling time). when v cc power is turned on, hold the res pin low for the duration of the oscillation settling time before applying fwe. do not apply fwe when oscillation has stopped or is unstable. in boot mode, apply and disconnect fwe during a reset. in a transition to boot mode, fwe = 1 input and md 2 emd 0 setting should be performed while the res input is low. fwe and md 2 emd 0 pin input must satisfy the mode programming setup time (t mds ) with respect to the reset release timing. when making a transition from boot mode to another mode, also, a mode programming setup time is necessary with respect to the reset release timing. in a reset during operation, the res pin must be held low for a minimum of 20 system clock cycles. in user program mode, fwe can be switched between high and low level regardless of res input. fwe input can also be switched during execution of a program in flash memory. do not apply fwe if program runaway has occurred. during fwe application, the program execution state must be monitored using the watchdog timer or some other means. disconnect fwe only when the swe, esu, psu, ev, pv, e, and p bits in flmcr1 are cleared. make sure that the swe, esu, psu, ev, pv, e, and p bits are not set by mistake when applying or disconnecting fwe. 4. do not apply a constant high level to the fwe pin. t prevent erroneous programming or erasing due to program runaway, etc., apply a high level to the fwe pin only when programming or erasing flash memory (including execution of flash memory emulation using ram). a system configuration in which a high level is constantly applied to the fwe pin should be avoided. also, while a high level is applied to the fwe pin, the watchdog timer should be activated to prevent overprogramming or overerasing due to program runaway, etc. 5. use the recommended algorithm when programming and erasing flash memory. the recommended algorithm enables programming and erasing to be carried out without subjecting the device to voltage stress or sacrificing program data reliability. when setting the psu or esu bit in flmcr1, the watchdog timer should be set beforehand as a precaution against program runaway, etc. 620 also note that access to the flash memory space by means of a mov instruction, etc., is not permitted while the p bit or e bit is set. 6. do not set or clear the swe bit during execution of a program in flash memory. clear the swe bit before executing a program or reading data in flash memory. when the swe bit is set, data in flash memory can be rewritten, but flash memory should only be accessed for verify operations (verification during programming/erasing). similarly, when using the ram emulation function while a high level is being input to the fwe pin, the swe bit must be cleared before executing a program or reading data in flash memory. however, the ram area overlapping flash memory space can be read and written to regardless of whether the swe bit is set or cleared. a wait time is necessary after the swe bit is cleared. for details see table 21.10 in section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. 7. do not use interrupts while flash memory is being programmed or erased. all interrupt requests, including nmi, should be disabled during fwe application to give priority to program/erase operations (including emulation in ram). bus release must also be disabled. 8. do not perform additional programming. erase the memory before reprogramming. in on-board programming, perform only one programming operation on a 128-byte programming unit block. programming should be carried out with the entire programming unit block erased. 9. before programming, check that the chip is correctly mounted in the prom writer. overcurrent damage to the device can result if the index marks on the prom writer socket, socket adapter, and chip are not correctly aligned. 10. do not touch the socket adapter or chip during programming. touching either of these can cause contact faults and write errors. 11. a wait time of 100 m s or more is necessary when performing a read after a transition to normal mode from program, erase, or verify mode. 12. use byte access on the registers that control the flash memory (flmcr1, flmcr2, ebr1, ebr2, and ramcr). 621 period during which flash memory access is prohibited (x: wait time after setting swe bit, y: wait time after clearing swe bit) * 2 period during which flash memory can be programmed (execution of program in flash memory prohibited, and data reads other than verify operations prohibited) f v cc fwe t osc1 min 0 m s t mds t mds md 2 to md 0 * 1 res swe bit swe set swe cleared program- ming/ erasing possible wait time: x wait time: y min 0 m s notes: * 1 except when switching modes, the level of the mode pins (md 2 emd 0 ) must be fixed until power-off by pulling the pins up or down. * 2 see section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. figure 18.16 power-on/off timing (boot mode) 622 period during which flash memory access is prohibited (x: wait time after setting swe bit, y: wait time after clearing swe bit) * 2 period during which flash memory can be programmed (execution of program in flash memory prohibited, and data reads other than verify operations prohibited) f v cc fwe t osc1 min 0 m s t mds md 2 to md 0 * 1 res swe bit swe set swe cleared program- ming/ erasing possible wait time: x wait time: y notes: * 1 except when switching modes, the level of the mode pins (md 2 emd 0 ) must be fixed until power-off by pulling the pins up or down. * 2 see section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. figure 18.17 power-on/off timing (user program mode) 623 period during which flash memory access is prohibited (x: wait time after setting swe bit, y: wait time after clearing swe bit) * 3 period during which flash memory can be programmed (execution of program in flash memory prohibited, and data reads other than verify operations prohibited) f v cc fwe t osc1 min 0 m s t mds t mds t mds t resw md 2 to md 0 res swe bit mode change * 1 user mode boot mode user program mode swe set swe cleared * 2 programming/ erasing possible wait time: x wait time: y programming/ erasing possible wait time: x wait time: y programming/ erasing possible wait time: x programming/ erasing possible wait time: x wait time: y mode change * 1 user mode user program mode notes: * 1 when entering boot mode or making a transition from boot mode to another mode, mode switching must be carried out by means of res input. the state of ports with multiplexed address functions and bus control output pins ( csn , as , rd , wr ) will change during this switchover interval (the interval during which the res pin input is low), and therefore these pins should not be used as output signals during this time. * 2 when making a transition from boot mode to another mode, the mode programming setup time t mds must be satisfied with respect to res clearance timing. * 3 see section 21.1.6, flash memory characteristics. figure 18.18 mode transition timing (example: boot mode user mode user program mode) 624 625 section 19 clock pulse generator 19.1 overview the h8/3068f has a built-in clock pulse generator (cpg) that generates the system clock ( f ) and other internal clock signals ( f /2 to f /4096). after duty adjustment, a frequency divider divides the clock frequency to generate the system clock ( f ). the system clock is output at the f pin * 1 and furnished as a master clock to prescalers that supply clock signals to the on-chip supporting modules. frequency division ratios of 1/1, 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 can be selected for the frequency divider by settings in a division control register (divcr) * 2 . power consumption in the chip is reduced in almost direct proportion to the frequency division ratio. notes: *1 usage of the f pin differs depending on the chip operating mode and the pstop bit setting in the module standby control register (mstcr). for details, see section 20.7, system clock output disabling function. *2 the division ratio of the frequency divider can be changed dynamically during operation. the clock output at the f pin also changes when the division ratio is changed. the frequency output at the f pin is shown below. f = extal n where, extal: frequency of crystal resonator or external clock signal n: frequency division ratio (n = 1/1, 1/2, 1/4, or 1/8) 19.1.1 block diagram figure 19.1 shows a block diagram of the clock pulse generator. xtal extal cpg f pin f /2 to f /4096 oscillator duty adjustment circuit frequency divider division control register prescalers data bus f figure 19.1 block diagram of clock pulse generator 626 19.2 oscillator circuit clock pulses can be supplied by connecting a crystal resonator, or by input of an external clock signal. 19.2.1 connecting a crystal resonator circuit configuration: a crystal resonator can be connected as in the example in figure 19.2. damping resistance rd should be selected according to table 19.1 (1), and external capacitances c l1 and c l2 according to table 19.1 (2). an at-cut parallel-resonance crystal should be used. extal xtal c l1 c l2 rd figure 19.2 connection of crystal resonator (example) if a crystal resonator with a frequency higher than 20 mhz is connected, the external load capacitance values in table 19.1 (2) should not exceed 10 [pf]. also, in order to improve the accuracy of the oscillation frequency, a thorough study of oscillation matching evaluation, etc., should be carried out when deciding the circuit constants. table 19.1 (1) damping resistance value damping resistance frequency f (mhz) value 22 < f 44 < f 88 < f 10 10 < f 13 13 < f 16 16 < f 18 18 < f 25 rd ( w )1 k50020000000 note: a crystal resonator between 2 mhz and 20 mhz can be used. if the chip is to be operated at less than 2 mhz, the on-chip frequency divider should be used. (a crystal resonator of less than 2 mhz cannot be used.) table 19.1 (2) external capacitance values external capacitance value 5 v version frequency f (mhz) 20 < f 25 2 f 20 c l1 = c l2 (pf) 10 10 to 22 627 crystal resonator: figure 19.3 shows an equivalent circuit of the crystal resonator. the crystal resonator should have the characteristics listed in table 19.2. xtal lrs c l c 0 extal at-cut parallel-resonance type figure 19.3 crystal resonator equivalent circuit table 19.2 crystal resonator parameters frequency (mhz) 248101216182025 rs max ( w ) 500 120 80 70 60 50 40 40 40 co (pf) 7 pf max 7 pf max 7 pf max 7 pf max 7 pf max 7 pf max 7 pf max 7 pf max 7 pf max use a crystal resonator with a frequency equal to the system clock frequency ( f ). notes on board design: when a crystal resonator is connected, the following points should be noted: other signal lines should be routed away from the oscillator circuit to prevent induction from interfering with correct oscillation. see figure 19.4. when the board is designed, the crystal resonator and its load capacitors should be placed as close as possible to the xtal and extal pins. xtal extal c l2 c l1 h8/3068f chip avoid signal a signal b figure 19.4 oscillator circuit block board design precautions 628 19.2.2 external clock input circuit configuration: an external clock signal can be input as shown in the examples in figure 19.5. if the xtal pin is left open, the stray capacitance should not exceed 10 pf. if the stray capacitance at the xtal pin exceeds 10 pf in configuration a, use the connection shown in configuration b instead, and hold the external clock high in standby mode. extal xtal extal xtal external clock input open external clock input a. xtal pin left open b. complementary clock input at xtal pin figure 19.5 external clock input (examples) external clock: the external clock frequency should be equal to the system clock frequency when not divided by the on-chip frequency divider. table 19.3 shows the clock timing, figure 19.6 shows the external clock input timing, and figure 19.7 shows the external clock output settling delay timing. when the appropriate external clock is input via the extal pin, its waveform is corrected by the on-chip oscillator and duty adjustment circuit. when the appropriate external clock is input via the extal pin, its waveform is corrected by the on-chip oscillator and duty adjustment circuit. the resulting stable clock is output to external devices after the external clock settling time (t dext ) has passed after the clock input. the system must remain reset with the reset signal low during t dext , while the clock output is unstable. 629 table 19.3 clock timing v cc = 5.0 v 10% item symbol min max unit test conditions external clock input low pulse width t exl 15 ns figure 19.6 external clock input high pulse width t exh 15 ns external clock rise time t exr ? ns external clock fall time t exf ? ns clock low pulse width t cl 0.4 0.6 t cyc f 3 5 mhz figure 19.17 80 ns f < 5 mhz clock high pulse width t ch 0.4 0.6 t cyc f 3 5 mhz 80 ns f < 5 mhz external clock output settling?elay time t dext * 500 m s figure 19.7 note: * t dext includes a res pulse width (t resw ). t resw = 20 t cyc extal t exr t exf v cc 0.7 0.3 v t exh t exl v cc 0.5 figure 19.6 external clock input timing 630 v cc stby extal f (internal or external) res t dext v ih figure 19.7 external clock output settling delay timing 19.3 duty adjustment circuit when the oscillator frequency is 5 mhz or higher, the duty adjustment circuit adjusts the duty cycle of the clock signal from the oscillator to generate f . 19.4 prescalers the prescalers divide the system clock ( f ) to generate internal clocks ( f /2 to f /4096). 19.5 frequency divider the frequency divider divides the duty-adjusted clock signal to generate the system clock ( f ). the frequency division ratio can be changed dynamically by modifying the value in divcr, as described below. power consumption in the chip is reduced in almost direct proportion to the frequency division ratio. the system clock generated by the frequency divider can be output at the f pin. 631 19.5.1 register configuration table 19.4 summarizes the frequency division register. table 19.4 frequency division register address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee01b division control register divcr r/w h'fc note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. 19.5.2 division control register (divcr) divcr is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the division ratio of the frequency divider. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 div0 0 r/w 2 1 1 div1 0 r/w reserved bits divide bits 1 and 0 these bits select the frequency division ratio divcr is initialized to h'fc by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bits 7 to 2?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bits 1 and 0?ivide (div1, div0): these bits select the frequency division ratio, as follows. bit 1 div1 bit 0 div0 frequency division ratio 0 0 1/1 (initial value) 0 1 1/2 1 0 1/4 1 1 1/8 632 19.5.3 usage notes the divcr setting changes the f frequency, so note the following points. select a frequency division ratio that stays within the assured operation range specified for the clock cycle time t cyc in the ac electrical characteristics. note that ? min = lower limit of the operating frequency range. ensure that ? is not below this lower limit. all on-chip module operations are based on f . note that the timing of timer operations, serial communication, and other time-dependent processing differs before and after any change in the division ratio. the waiting time for exit from software standby mode also changes when the division ratio is changed. for details, see section 20.4.3, selection of waiting time for exit from software standby mode. 633 section 20 power-down state 20.1 overview the h8/3068f has a power-down state that greatly reduces power consumption by halting the cpu, and a module standby function that reduces power consumption by selectively halting on- chip modules. the power-down state includes the following three modes: ? sleep mode ? software standby mode ? hardware standby mode the module standby function can halt on-chip supporting modules independently of the power- down state. the modules that can be halted are the 16-bit timer, 8-bit timer, sci0, sci1, sci2, dmac, dram interface, and a/d converter. table 20.1 indicates the methods of entering and exiting the power-down modes and module standby mode, and gives the status of the cpu and on-chip supporting modules in each mode. 634 table 20.1 power-down state and module standby function clock active halted halted active exiting conditions interrupt res stby nmi irq 0 to irq 2 res stby stby res stby res clear mstcr bit to 0 * 5 i/o ports held held high impedance f clock output f output high output high impedance high impedance * 2 ram held held held * 3 other modules active halted and reset halted and reset active dram interface active halted and held * 1 halted and reset halted * 2 and held* 1 dmac active halted and reset halted and reset halted * 2 and reset cpu registers held held undeter- mined cpu halted halted halted active entering conditions sleep instruc- tion executed while ssby = 0 in syscr sleep instruc- tion executed while ssby = 1 in syscr low input at stby pin corresponding bit set to 1 in mstcr mode sleep mode software standby mode hardware standby mode module standby 16-bit timer active halted and reset halted and reset halted * 2 and reset 8-bit timer active halted and reset halted and reset halted * 2 and reset sci0 active halted and reset halted and reset halted * 2 and reset sci1 active halted and reset halted and reset halted * 2 and reset sci2 active halted and reset halted and reset halted * 2 and reset a/d active halted and reset halted and reset halted * 2 and reset state notes: * 1 rtcnt and bits 7 and 6 of rtmcsr are initialized. other bits and registers hold their previous states. * 2 state in which the corresponding mstcr bit was set to 1. for details see section 20.2.2, module standby control register h (ms tcrh) and section 20.2.3, module standby control register l (mstcrl). * 3 the rame bit must be cleared to 0 in syscr before the transition from the program execution state to hardware standby mode. * 4 when p6 7 is used as the f output pin. * 5 when a mstcr bit is set to 1, the registers of the corresponding on-chip supporting module are initialized. to restart the mod ule, first clear the mstcr bit to 0, then set up the module registers again. legend syscr: system control register ssby: software standby bit mstcrh: module standby control register h mstcrl: module standby control register l * 4 635 20.2 register configuration the h8/3068f has a system control register (syscr) that controls the power-down state, and module standby control registers h (mstcrh) and l (mstcrl) that control the module standby function. table 20.2 summarizes these registers. table 20.2 control register address * name abbreviation r/w initial value h'ee012 system control register syscr r/w h'09 h'ee01c module standby control register h mstcrh r/w h'78 h'ee01d module standby control register l mstcrl r/w h'00 note: * lower 20 bits of the address in advanced mode. 20.2.1 system control register (syscr) bit initial value read/write 7 ssby 0 r/w 6 sts2 0 r/w 5 sts1 0 r/w 4 sts0 0 r/w 3 ue 1 r/w 0 rame 1 r/w 2 nmieg 0 r/w 1 ssoe 0 r/w software standby enables transition to software standby mode ram enable standby timer select 2 to 0 these bits select the waiting time of the cpu and peripheral functions user bit enable nmi edge select software standby output port enable syscr is an 8-bit readable/writable register. bit 7 (ssby), bits 6 to 4 (sts2 to sts0), and bit 1 (ssoe) control the power-down state. for information on the other syscr bits, see section 3.3, system control register (syscr). 636 bit 7?oftware standby (ssby): enables transition to software standby mode. when software standby mode is exited by an external interrupt, this bit remains set to 1 after the return to normal operation. to clear this bit, write 0. bit 7 ssby description 0 sleep instruction causes transition to sleep mode (initial value) 1 sleep instruction causes transition to software standby mode bits 6 to 4?tandby timer select (sts2 to sts0): these bits select the length of time the cpu and on-chip supporting modules wait for the clock to settle when software standby mode is exited by an external interrupt. if the clock is generated by a crystal resonator, set these bits according to the clock frequency so that the waiting time will be at least 7 ms (oscillation settling time). see table 20.3. if an external clock is used, set these bits so that the waiting time will be at least 100 m s. bit 6 sts2 bit 5 sts1 bit 4 sts0 description 0 0 0 waiting time = 8,192 states (initial value) 1 waiting time = 16,384 states 1 0 waiting time = 32,768 states 1 waiting time = 65,536 states 1 0 0 waiting time = 131,072 states 1 waiting time = 262,144 states 1 0 waiting time = 1,024 states 1 illegal setting bit 1?oftware standby output port enable (ssoe): specifies whether the address bus and bus control signals ( cs 0 to cs 7 , as , rd , hwr , lwr , ucas , lcas , and rfsh ) are kept as outputs or fixed high, or placed in the high-impedance state in software standby mode. bit 1 ssoe description 0 in software standby mode, the address bus and bus control signals are all high-impedance (initial value) 1 in software standby mode, the address bus retains its output state and bus control signals are fixed high 637 20.2.2 module standby control register h (mstcrh) mstcrh is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls output of the system clock ( f ). it also controls the module standby function, which places individual on-chip supporting modules in the standby state. module standby can be designated for the sci0, sci1, sci2. bit initial value read/write 7 pstop 0 r/w 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 mstph0 0 r/w 2 mstph2 0 r/w 1 mstph1 0 r/w f clock stop enables or disables output of the system clock module standby h2 to 0 these bits select modules to be placed in standby reserved bit mstcrh is initialized to h'78 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bit 7 f clock stop (pstop): enables or disables output of the system clock ( f ). bit 1 pstop description 0 system clock output is enabled (initial value) 1 system clock output is disabled bits 6 to 3?eserved: these bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1. bit 2?odule standby h2 (mstph2): selects whether to place the sci2 in standby. bit 2 mstph2 description 0 sci2 operates normally (initial value) 1 sci2 is in standby state 638 bit 1?odule standby h1 (mstph1): selects whether to place the sci1 in standby. bit 1 mstph1 description 0 sci1 operates normally (initial value) 1 sci1 is in standby state bit 0?odule standby h0 (mstph0): selects whether to place the sci0 in standby. bit 0 mstph0 description 0 sci0 operates normally (initial value) 1 sci0 is in standby state 20.2.3 module standby control register l (mstcrl) mstcrl is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the module standby function, which places individual on-chip supporting modules in the standby state. module standby can be designated for the dmac, 16-bit timer, dram interface, 8-bit timer, and a/d converter modules. 2 mstpl2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 mstpl0 0 r/w reserved bits module standby l7, l5 to l2, l0 these bits select modules to be placed in standby bit initial value read/write 7 mstpl7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 mstpl5 0 r/w 4 mstpl4 0 r/w 3 mstpl3 0 r/w mstcrl is initialized to h'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. it is not initialized in software standby mode. bit 7?odule standby l7 (mstpl7): selects whether to place the dmac in standby. bit 7 mstpl7 description 0 dmac operates normally (initial value) 1 dmac is in standby state 639 bit 6?eserved: this bit can be written and read. bit 5?odule standby l5 (mstpl5): selects whether to place the dram interface in standby. bit 5 mstpl5 description 0 dram interface operates normally (initial value) 1 dram interface is in standby state bit 4?odule standby l4 (mstpl4): selects whether to place the 16-bit timer in standby. bit 4 mstpl4 description 0 16-bit timer operates normally (initial value) 1 16-bit timer is in standby state bit 3?odule standby l3 (mstpl3): selects whether to place 8-bit timer channels 0 and 1 in standby. bit 3 mstpl3 description 0 8-bit timer channels 0 and 1 operate normally (initial value) 1 8-bit timer channels 0 and 1 are in standby state bit 2?odule standby l2 (mstpl2): selects whether to place 8-bit timer channels 2 and 3 in standby. bit 2 mstpl2 description 0 8-bit timer channels 2 and 3 operate normally (initial value) 1 8-bit timer channels 2 and 3 are in standby state bit 1?eserved: this bit can be written and read. bit 0?odule standby l0 (mstpl0): selects whether to place the a/d converter in standby. bit 0 mstpl0 description 0 a/d converter operates normally (initial value) 1 a/d converter is in standby state 640 20.3 sleep mode 20.3.1 transition to sleep mode when the ssby bit is cleared to 0 in syscr, execution of the sleep instruction causes a transition from the program execution state to sleep mode. immediately after executing the sleep instruction the cpu halts, but the contents of its internal registers are retained. the dma controller (dmac), dram interface, and on-chip supporting modules do not halt in sleep mode. modules which have been placed in standby by the module standby function, however, remain halted. 20.3.2 exit from sleep mode sleep mode is exited by an interrupt, or by input at the res or stby pin. exit by interrupt: an interrupt terminates sleep mode and causes a transition to the interrupt exception handling state. sleep mode is not exited by an interrupt source in an on-chip supporting module if the interrupt is disabled in the on-chip supporting module. sleep mode is not exited by an interrupt other than nmi if the interrupt is masked by interrupt priority settings and the settings of the i and ui bits in ccr, ipr. exit by res input: low input at the res pin exits from sleep mode to the reset state. exit by stby input: low input at the stby pin exits from sleep mode to hardware standby mode. 641 20.4 software standby mode 20.4.1 transition to software standby mode to enter software standby mode, execute the sleep instruction while the ssby bit is set to 1 in syscr. in software standby mode, current dissipation is reduced to an extremely low level because the cpu, clock, and on-chip supporting modules all halt. the dmac and on-chip supporting modules are reset and halted. as long as the specified voltage is supplied, however, cpu register contents and on-chip ram data are retained. the settings of the i/o ports and dram interface * are also held. when the wdt is used as a watchdog timer (wt/ it = 1), the tme bit must be cleared to 0 before setting ssby. also, when setting tme to 1, ssby should be cleared to 0. clear the brle bit in brcr (inhibiting bus release) before making a transition to software standby mode. note: * rtcnt and bits 7 and 6 of rtmcsr are initialized. other bits and registers hold their previous states. 20.4.2 exit from software standby mode software standby mode can be exited by input of an external interrupt at the nmi, irq 0 , irq 1 , or irq 2 pin, or by input at the res or stby pin. exit by interrupt: when an nmi, irq 0 , irq 1 , or irq 2 interrupt request signal is received, the clock oscillator begins operating. after the oscillator settling time selected by bits sts2 to sts0 in syscr, stable clock signals are supplied to the entire chip, software standby mode ends, and interrupt exception handling begins. software standby mode is not exited if the interrupt enable bits of interrupts irq 0 , irq 1 , and irq 2 are cleared to 0, or if these interrupts are masked in the cpu. exit by res input: when the res input goes low, the clock oscillator starts and clock pulses are supplied immediately to the entire chip. the res signal must be held low long enough for the clock oscillator to stabilize. when res goes high, the cpu starts reset exception handling. exit by stby input: low input at the stby pin causes a transition to hardware standby mode. 642 20.4.3 selection of waiting time for exit from software standby mode bits sts2 to sts0 in syscr and bits div1 and div0 in divcr should be set as follows. crystal resonator: set sts2 to sts0, div1, and div0 so that the waiting time (for the clock to stabilize) is at least 7 ms. table 20.3 indicates the waiting times that are selected by sts2 to sts0, div1, and div0 settings at various system clock frequencies. external clock: set sts2 to sts0, div1, and div0 so that the waiting time is at least 100 m s. table 20.3 clock frequency and waiting time for clock to settle div1 div0 sts2 sts1 sts0 waiting time 25 mhz 20 mhz 18 mhz 16 mhz 12 mhz 10 mhz 8 mhz 6 mhz 4 mhz 2 mhz 1 mhz unit 0 0 0 0 0 8192 states 0.3 0.4 0.46 0.51 0.65 0.8 1.0 1.3 2.0 4.1 8.2 * ms 0 0 1 16384 states 0.7 0.8 0.91 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 4.1 8.2 * 16.4 0 1 0 32768 states 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.7 3.3 4.1 5.5 8.2 * 16.4 32.8 0 1 1 65536 states 2.6 3.3 3.6 4.1 5.5 6.6 8.2 * 10.9 * 16.4 32.8 65.5 1 0 0 131072 states 5.2 6.6 7.3 * 8.2 * 10.9 * 13.1 * 16.4 21.8 32.8 65.5 131.1 1 0 1 262144 states 10.5 * 13.1 * 14.6 16.4 21.8 26.2 32.8 43.7 65.5 131.1 262.1 1 1 0 1024 states 0.04 0.05 0.057 0.064 0.085 0.10 0.13 0.17 0.26 0.51 1.0 1 1 1 illegal setting 0 1 0 0 0 8192 states 0.7 0.8 0.91 1.02 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.7 4.1 8.2 * 16.4 * ms 0 0 1 16384 states 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.7 3.3 4.1 5.5 8.2 * 16.4 32.8 0 1 0 32768 states 2.6 3.3 3.6 4.1 5.5 6.6 8.2 * 10.9 * 16.4 32.8 65.5 0 1 1 65536 states 5.2 6.6 7.3 * 8.2 * 10.9 * 13.1 * 16.4 21.8 32.8 65.5 131.1 1 0 0 131072 states 10.5 * 13.1 * 14.6 16.4 21.8 26.2 32.8 43.7 65.5 131.1 262.1 1 0 1 262144 states 21.0 26.2 29.1 32.8 43.7 52.4 65.5 87.4 131.1 262.1 524.3 1 1 0 1024 states 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.26 0.34 0.51 1.0 2.0 1 1 1 illegal setting 1 0 0 0 0 8192 states 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.7 3.3 4.1 5.5 8.2 * 16.4 * 32.8 * ms 0 0 1 16384 states 2.6 3.3 3.6 4.1 5.5 6.6 8.2 * 10.9 * 16.4 32.8 65.5 0 1 0 32768 states 5.2 6.6 7.3 * 8.2 * 10.9 * 13.1 * 16.4 21.8 32.8 65.5 131.1 0 1 1 65536 states 10.5 * 13.1 * 14.6 16.4 21.8 26.2 32.8 43.7 65.5 131.1 262.1 1 0 0 131072 states 21.0 26.2 29.1 32.8 43.7 52.4 65.5 87.4 131.1 262.1 524.3 1 0 1 262144 states 41.9 52.4 58.3 65.5 87.4 104.9 131.1 174.8 262.1 524.3 1048.6 1 1 0 1024 states 0.16 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.34 0.41 0.51 0.68 1.02 2.0 4.1 1 1 1 illegal setting 1 1 0 0 0 8192 states 2.6 3.3 3.6 4.1 5.5 6.6 8.2 * 10.9 * 16.4 * 32.8 * 65.5 ms 0 0 1 16384 states 5.2 6.6 7.3 * 8.2 * 10.9 * 13.1 * 16.4 21.8 32.8 65.5 131.1 0 1 0 32768 states 10.5 13.1 * 14.6 16.4 21.8 26.2 32.8 43.7 65.5 131.1 262.1 0 1 1 65536 states 21.0 * 26.2 29.1 32.8 43.7 52.4 65.5 87.4 131.1 262.1 524.3 1 0 0 131072 states 41.9 52.4 58.3 65.5 87.4 104.9 131.1 174.8 262.1 524.3 1048.6 1 0 1 262144 states 83.9 104.9 116.5 131.1 174.8 209.7 262.1 349.5 524.3 1048.6 2097.1 1 1 0 1024 states 0.33 0.41 0.46 0.51 0.68 0.82 1.0 1.4 2.0 4.1 8.2 * 1 1 1 illegal setting * : recommended setting 643 20.4.4 sample application of software standby mode figure 20.1 shows an example in which software standby mode is entered at the fall of nmi and exited at the rise of nmi. with the nmi edge select bit (nmieg) cleared to 0 in syscr (selecting the falling edge), an nmi interrupt occurs. next the nmieg bit is set to 1 (selecting the rising edge) and the ssby bit is set to 1; then the sleep instruction is executed to enter software standby mode. software standby mode is exited at the next rising edge of the nmi signal. f nmi nmieg ssby nmi interrupt handler nmieg = 1 ssby = 1 software standby mode (power- down state) oscillator settling time (t osc2 ) sleep instruction nmi exception handling clock oscillator figure 20.1 nmi timing for software standby mode (example) 20.4.5 note the i/o ports retain their existing states in software standby mode. if a port is in the high output state, its output current is not reduced. 644 20.5 hardware standby mode 20.5.1 transition to hardware standby mode regardless of its current state, the chip enters hardware standby mode whenever the stby pin goes low. hardware standby mode reduces power consumption drastically by halting all functions of the cpu, dmac, dram interface, and on-chip supporting modules. all modules are reset except the on-chip ram. as long as the specified voltage is supplied, on-chip ram data is retained. i/o ports are placed in the high-impedance state. clear the rame bit to 0 in syscr before stby goes low to retain on-chip ram data. the inputs at the mode pins (md2 to md0) should not be changed during hardware standby mode. 20.5.2 exit from hardware standby mode hardware standby mode is exited by inputs at the stby and res pins. while res is low, when stby goes high, the clock oscillator starts running. res should be held low long enough for the clock oscillator to settle. when res goes high, reset exception handling begins, followed by a transition to the program execution state. 20.5.3 timing for hardware standby mode figure 20.2 shows the timing relationships for hardware standby mode. to enter hardware standby mode, first drive res low, then drive stby low. to exit hardware standby mode, first drive stby high, wait for the clock to settle, then bring res from low to high. res stby clock oscillator oscillator settling time reset exception handling figure 20.2 hardware standby mode timing 645 20.6 module standby function 20.6.1 module standby timing the module standby function can halt several of the on-chip supporting modules (sci2, sci1, sci0, the dmac, 16-bit timer, 8-bit timer, dram interface, and a/d converter) independently in the power-down state. this standby function is controlled by bits mstph2 to mstph0 in mstcrh and bits mstpl7 to mstpl0 in mstcrl. when one of these bits is set to 1, the corresponding on-chip supporting module is placed in standby and halts at the beginning of the next bus cycle after the mstcr write cycle. 20.6.2 read/write in module standby when an on-chip supporting module is in module standby, read/write access to its registers is disabled. read access always results in h'ff data. write access is ignored. 20.6.3 usage notes when using the module standby function, note the following points. dmac: when setting a bit in mstcr to 1 to place the dmac in module standby, make sure that the dmac is not currently requesting the bus right. if the corresponding bit in mstcr is set to 1 when a bus request is present, operation of the bus arbiter becomes ambiguous and a malfunction may occur. dram interface: when the module standby function is used on the dram interface, set the mstcr bit to 1 while dram space is deselected. on-chip supporting module interrupts: before setting a module standby bit, first disable interrupts by that module. when an on-chip supporting module is placed in standby by the module standby function, its registers are initialized, including registers with interrupt request flags. pin states: pins used by an on-chip supporting module lose their module functions when the module is placed in module standby. what happens after that depends on the particular pin. for details, see section 8, i/o ports. pins that change from the input to the output state require special care. for example, if sci1 is placed in module standby, the receive data pin loses its receive data function and becomes a port pin. if its port ddr bit is set to 1, the pin becomes a data output pin, and its output may collide with external sci transmit data. data collision should be prevented by clearing the port ddr bit to 0 or taking other appropriate action. register resetting: when an on-chip supporting module is halted by the module standby function, all its registers are initialized. to restart the module, after its mstcr bit is cleared to 0, its registers must be set up again. it is not possible to write to the registers while the mstcr bit is set to 1. 646 mstcr access from dmac disabled: to prevent malfunctions, mstcr can only be accessed from the cpu. it can be read by the dmac, but it cannot be written by the dmac. 20.7 system clock output disabling function output of the system clock ( f ) can be controlled by the pstop bit in mstcrh. when the pstop bit is set to 1, output of the system clock halts and the f pin is placed in the high- impedance state. figure 20.3 shows the timing of the stopping and starting of system clock output. when the pstop bit is cleared to 0, output of the system clock is enabled. table 20.4 indicates the state of the f pin in various operating states. t1 t2 (pstop = 1) t3 t1 t2 (pstop = 0) mstcrh write cycle mstcrh write cycle high impedance f pin t3 figure 20.3 starting and stopping of system clock output table 20.4 f pin state in various operating states operating state pstop = 0 pstop = 1 hardware standby high impedance high impedance software standby always high high impedance sleep mode system clock output high impedance normal operation system clock output high impedance 647 section 21 electrical characteristics 21.1 electrical characteristics of h8/3068f-ztat 21.1.1 absolute maximum ratings table 21.1 lists the absolute maximum ratings. table 21.1 absolute maximum ratings ?preliminary item symbol value unit power supply voltage v cc * 1 ?.3 to +7.0 v input voltage (fwe) * 2 v in ?.3 to v cc +0.3 v input voltage (except for port 7) * 2 v in ?.3 to v cc +0.3 v input voltage (port 7) v in ?.3 to av cc +0.3 v reference voltage v ref ?.3 to av cc +0.3 v analog power supply voltage av cc ?.3 to +7.0 v analog input voltage v an ?.3 to av cc +0.3 v operating temperature t opr ?0 to +75 * 3 c storage temperature t stg ?5 to +125 c caution: permanent damage to the chip may result if absolute maximum ratings are exceeded. notes: * 1 do not apply the power supply voltage to the v cl pin. connect an external capacitor between this pin and gnd. * 2 12 v must not be applied to any pin, as this may cause permanent damage to the device. * 3 the operating temperature range for flash memory programming/erasing is 0 c to +75 c. 648 21.1.2 dc characteristics table 21.2 lists the dc characteristics. table 21.3 lists the permissible output currents. table 21.2 dc characteristics (1) ?preliminary conditions: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 v to av cc * 1 , v ss = av ss = 0 v * 1 , t a = ?0 c to +75 c [programming/erasing conditions: t a = 0 c to +75 c] item symbol min typ max unit test conditions schmitt trigger input voltages port a, p8 0 to p8 2 v t v t + v t + ?v t 1.0 0.4 v cc 0.7 v v v input high voltage stby , res , nmi, md 2 to md 0 , fwe v ih v cc ?0.7 v cc + 0.3 v extal v cc 0.7 v cc + 0.3 v port 7 2.0 av cc + 0.3 v ports 1 to 6, p8 3 , p8 4 , p9 0 to p9 5 , port b 2.0 v cc + 0.3 v input low voltage stby , res , fwe, md 2 to md 0 v il ?.3 0.5 v nmi, extal, ports 1 to 7, p8 3 , p8 4 , p9 0 to p9 5 , port b ?.3 0.8 v output high voltage all output pins v oh v cc ?0.5 3.5 v v i oh = ?00 m a i oh = ? ma output low voltage all output pins v ol 0.4 v i ol = 1.6 ma ports 1, 2, and 5 1.0 v i ol = 10 ma input leakage current stby , res , nmi, fwe, md 2 to md 0 |i in | 1.0 m av in = 0.5 v to v cc ?0.5 v port 7 1.0 m av in = 0.5 v to av cc ?0.5 v 649 item symbol min typ max unit test conditions three-state leakage current ports 1 to 6 ports 8 to b |i tsi | 1.0 m av in = 0.5 v to v cc ?0.5 v input pull-up mos current ports 2, 4, and 5 ? p 50 300 m av in = 0 v input capacitance fwe c in 80 pf v in = 0 v f = f min nmi 50 pf t a = 25 c all input pins except nmi 15 pf current dissipation * 2 normal operation i cc * 3 ?2 (5.0 v) 47 ma f = 20 mhz 37 (5.0 v) 58 f = 25 mhz sleep mode 24 (5.0 v) 38 ma f = 20 mhz 29 (5.0 v) 47 f = 25 mhz module standby mode ?9 (5.0 v) 31 ma f = 20 mhz 21 (5.0 v) 37 f = 25 mhz standby mode 1.0 10 m at a 50 c 80 m a50 c < t a flash memory programming/ erasing * 4 37 57 ma f = 20 mhz 42 68 f = 25 mhz analog power supply current during a/d conversion ai cc 0.6 1.5 ma during a/d and d/a conversion 0.6 1.5 ma idle 0.01 5 m a daste = 0 650 item symbol min typ max unit test conditions reference current during a/d conversion ai cc 0.45 0.8 ma during a/d and d/a conversion 2.0 3.0 ma idle 0.01 5 m a daste = 0 ram standby voltage v ram 2.0 v notes: * 1 if the a/d converter is not used, do not leave the av cc , v ref , and av ss pins open. connect av cc and v ref to v cc , and connect av ss to v ss . * 2 current dissipation values are for v ih min = v cc ?0.5 v and v il max = 0.5 v with all output pins unloaded and the on-chip mos pull-up transistors in the off state. the values are for v ram v cc < 4.5 v, v ih min = v cc 0.9, and v il max = 0.3 v. * 3i cc max. (normal operation)= 3.0 (ma) + 0.40 (ma/(mhz v)) v cc f i cc max. (sleep mode) = 3.0 (ma) + 0.32 (ma/(mhz v)) v cc f i cc max. (sleep mode + module standby mode) = 3.0 (ma) + 0.25 (ma/(mhz v)) v cc f the typ values for power consumption are reference values. * 4 sum of current dissipation in normal operation and current dissipation in program/erase operations. 651 table 21.3 permissible output currents ?preliminary conditions: v cc = 4.5 v to 5.5 v, av cc = 4.5 v to 5.5 v, v ref = 4.5 v to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 c to +75 c item symbol min typ max unit permissible output low current (per pin) ports 1, 2, and 5 other output pins i ol 10 2.0 ma ma permissible output low current (total) total of 20 pins in ports 1, 2, and 5 s i ol 80ma total of all output pins, including the above 120 ma permissible output high current (per pin) all output pins | ? oh | 2.0 ma permissible output high current (total) total of all output pins | s i oh | 40ma notes: 1. to protect chip reliability, do not exceed the output current values in table 21.3. 2. when directly driving a darlington pair or led, always insert a current-limiting resistor in the output line, as shown in figures 21.1 and 21.2. h8/3068f-ztat port 2 k w darlington pair figure 21.1 darlington pair drive circuit (example) 652 h8/3068f-ztat ports 1, 2, 5 led 600 w figure 21.2 sample led circuit 653 21.1.3 ac characteristics clock timing parameters are listed in table 21.4, control signal timing parameters in table 21.5, and bus timing parameters in table 21.6. timing parameters of the on-chip supporting modules are listed in table 21.7. table 21.4 clock timing ?preliminary condition: t a = ?0 c to +75 c condition a: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 20 mhz condition b: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 25 mhz condition ab item symbol min max min max unit test conditions clock cycle time clock pulse low width t cyc t cl 50 15 500 40 10 500 ns ns figure 21.4 to figure 21.6 clock pulse high width t ch 15 10 ns clock rise time t cr 10 10 ns clock fall time t cf 10 10 ns clock oscillator settling time at reset t osc1 20 20 ms figure 21.4 clock oscillator settling time in software standby t osc2 7 7 ms 654 table 21.5 control signal timing ?preliminary condition: t a = ?0 c to +75 c condition a: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 20 mhz condition b: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 25 mhz condition a and b item symbol min max unit test conditions res setup time t ress 150 ns figure 21.5 res pulse width t resw 20 t cyc mode programming setup time t mds 200 ns nmi, irq setup time t nmis 150 ns figure 21.7 nmi, irq hold time t nmih 10 ns nmi, irq pulse width t nmiw 200 ns 655 table 21.6 bus timing ?preliminary condition: t a = ?0 c to +75 c condition a: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 20 mhz condition b: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 25 mhz condition a and b item symbol min max unit test conditions address delay time t ad 25 ns figure 21.8, address hold time t ah 0.5 t cyc ?20 ns figure 21.9 read strobe delay time t rsd ?5ns address strobe delay time t asd ?5ns write strobe delay time t wsd ?5ns strobe delay time t sd ?5ns write strobe pulse width 1 t wsw1 1.0 t cyc ?25 ns write strobe pulse width 2 t wsw2 1.5 t cyc ?25 ns address setup time 1 t as1 0.5 t cyc ?20 ns address setup time 2 t as2 1.0 t cyc ?20 ns read data setup time t rds 25 ns read data hold time t rdh 0 ns write data delay time t wdd ?5ns write data setup time 1 t wds1 1.0 t cyc ?30 ns write data setup time 2 t wds2 2.0 t cyc ?30 ns write data hold time t wdh 0.5 t cyc ?15 ns read data access time 1 t acc1 2.0 t cyc ?45 ns figure 21.17, read data access time 2 t acc2 3.0 t cyc ?45 ns figure 21.18 read data access time 3 t acc3 1.5 t cyc ?45 ns read data access time 4 t acc4 2.5 t cyc ?45 ns precharge time 1 t pch1 1.0 t cyc ?20 ns precharge time 2 t pch2 0.5 t cyc ?20 ns wait setup time t wts 25 ns figure 21.19 wait hold time t wth 5 ns 656 condition a and b item symbol min max unit test conditions bus request setup time t brqs 25 ns figure 21.20 bus acknowledge delay time 1 t bacd1 ?0ns bus acknowledge delay time 2 t bacd2 ?0ns bus-floating time t bzd ?0ns ras precharge time t rp 1.5 t cyc ?25 ns figure 21.17 to cas precharge time t cp 0.5 t cyc ?15 ns figure 21.19 low address hold time t rah 0.5 t cyc ?15 ns ras delay time 1 t rad1 ?5ns ras delay time 2 t rad2 ?0ns cas delay time 1 t casd1 ?5ns cas delay time 2 t casd2 ?5ns we delay time t wcd ?5ns cas pulse width 1 t cas1 1.5 t cyc ?20 ns cas pulse width 2 t cas2 1.0 t cyc ?20 ns cas pulse width 3 t cas3 1.0 t cyc ?20 ns ras access time t rac 2.5 t cyc ?40 ns address access time t aa 2.0 t cyc ?50 ns cas access time t cac 1.5 t cyc ?50 ns we setup time t wcs 0.5 t cyc ?20 ns we hold time t wch 0.5 t cyc ?15 ns write data setup time t wds 0.5 t cyc ?20 ns we write data hold time t wdh 0.5 t cyc ?15 ns cas setup time 1 t csr1 0.5 t cyc ?20 ns cas setup time 2 t csr2 0.5 t cyc ?15 ns cas hold time t chr 0.5 t cyc ?15 ns ras pulse width t ras 1.5 t cyc ?15 ns note: in order to secure the address hold time relative to the rise of the rd strobe, address update mode 2 should be used. for details see section 6.3.5, address output method. 657 table 21.7 timing of on-chip supporting modules ?preliminary condition: t a = ?0 c to +75 c condition a: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 20 mhz condition b: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 25 mhz condition a and b module item symbol min max unit test conditions ports and output data delay time t pwd 50 ns figure 21.21 tpc input data setup time t prs 50 ns input data hold time t prh 50 ns 16-bit timer timer output delay time t tocd 50 ns figure 21.22 timer input setup time t tics 50 ns timer clock input setup time t tcks 50 ns figure 21.23 timer clock single edge t tckwh 1.5 t cyc pulse width both edges t tckwl 2.5 t cyc 8-bit timer timer output delay time t tocd 50 ns figure 21.22 timer input setup time t tics 50 ns timer clock input setup time t tcks 50 ns figure 21.23 timer clock single edge t tckwh 1.5 t cyc pulse width both edges t tckwl 2.5 t cyc 658 condition a and b module item symbol min max unit test conditions sci input clock cycle asyn- chronous t scyc 4 t cyc figure 21.24 syn- chronous 6 t cyc input clock rise time t sckr 1.5 t cyc input clock fall time t sckf 1.5 t cyc input clock pulse width t sckw 0.4 0.6 t scyc transmit data delay time t txd 100 ns figure 21.25 receive data setup time (synchronous) t rxs 100 ns receive data hold clock input t rxh 100 ns time (syn- chronous) clock output 0 ns dmac tend delay time 1 t ted1 50 ns figure 21.25, tend delay time 2 t ted2 ?0 ns figure 21.26 dreq setup time t drqs 25 ns figure 21.27 dreq hold time t drqh 10 ns cr h r l h8/3068f-ztat output pin c = 90 pf: ports 1 to 6, 8 c = 30 pf: ports 9, a, b input/output timing measurement levels ?low: 0.8 v ?high: 2.0 v r = 2.4 k r = 12 k l h w w figure 21.3 output load circuit 659 21.1.4 a/d conversion characteristics table 21.8 lists the a/d conversion characteristics. table 21.8 a/d conversion characteristics ?preliminary condition: t a = ?0 c to +75 c condition a: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 20 mhz condition b: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 25 mhz condition a and b item min typ max unit conversion time: resolution 10 10 10 bits 134 states conversion time (single mode) 134 t cyc analog input capacitance 20 pf permissible signal- f 13 mhz 10 k w source impedance f > 13 mhz 5 k w 4.0 v av cc 5.5 v k w 3.0 v av cc < 4.0 v k w nonlinearity error 3.5 lsb offset error 3.5 lsb full-scale error 3.5 lsb quantization error 0.5 lsb absolute accuracy 4.0 lsb 660 condition a and b item min typ max unit conversion time: resolution 10 10 10 bits 70 states conversion time (single mode) 70 t cyc analog input capacitance 20 pf permissible signal- f 13 mhz 5 k w source impedance f > 13 mhz 3 k w 4.0 v av cc 5.5 v k w 3.0 v av cc < 4.0 v k w nonlinearity error 7.5 lsb offset error 7.5 lsb full-scale error 7.5 lsb quantization error 0.5 lsb absolute accuracy 8.0 lsb 661 21.1.5 d/a conversion characteristics table 21.9 lists the d/a conversion characteristics. table 21.9 d/a conversion characteristics ?preliminary condition: t a = ?0 c to +75 c condition a: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 20 mhz condition b: v cc = 5.0 v 10%, av cc = 5.0 v 10%, v ref = 4.5 to av cc , v ss = av ss = 0 v, fmax = 25 mhz condition a and b item min typ max unit test conditions resolution 8 8 8 bits conversion time (centering time) 10 m s 20 pf capacitive load absolute accuracy 1.5 2.0 lsb 2 m w resistive load 1.5 lsb 4 m w resistive load 662 21.1.6 flash memory characteristics table 21.10 shows the flash memory characteristics. table 21.10 flash memory characteristics ?preliminary conditions: v cc = 4.5 to 5.5 v, av cc = 4.5 to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0 v, t a = 0 c to +75 c (operating temperature range for programming/erasing) item symbol min typ max unit notes programming time * 1 * 2 * 4 t p 10 200 ms/ 128 bytes erase time * 1 * 3 * 5 t e 100 1200 ms/block reprogramming count n wec 100 times programming wait time after swe bit setting * 1 t sswe 11 m s wait time after psu bit setting * 1 t spsu 50 50 m s wait time after p bit setting * 1 * 4 t sp30 28 30 32 m s programming time wait t sp200 198 200 202 m s programming time wait t sp10 81012 m s additional- programming time wait wait time after p bit clear * 1 t cp 55 m s wait time after psu bit clear * 1 t cpsu 55 m s wait time after pv bit setting * 1 t spv 44 m s wait time after h'ff dummy write * 1 t spvr 22 m s wait time after pv bit clear * 1 t cpv 22 m s wait time after swe bit clear * 1 t cswe 100 100 m s maximum programming count * 1 * 4 n 1000 times erase wait time after swe bit setting * 1 t sswe 11 m s wait time after esu bit setting * 1 t sesu 100 100 m s wait time after e bit setting * 1 * 5 t se 10 10 100 ms erase time wait wait time after e bit clear * 1 t ce 10 10 m s wait time after esu bit clear * 1 t cesu 10 10 m s wait time after ev bit setting * 1 t sev 20 20 m s wait time after h'ff dummy write * 1 t sevr 22 m s wait time after ev bit clear * 1 t cev 44 m s wait time after swe bit clear * 1 t cswe 100 100 m s maximum erase count * 1 * 4 n 12 120 times 663 notes: * 1 make each time setting in accordance with the program/program-verify flowchart or erase/erase-verify flowchart. * 2 programming time per 128 bytes (shows the total period for which the p-bit in the flash memory control register (flmcr1) is set. it does not include the programming verification time.) * 3 block erase time (shows the total period for which the e-bit in flmcr1 is set. it does not include the erase verification time.) * 4 to specify the maximum programming time (t p (max)) in the 128-byte programming flowchart, set the maximum value (1000) for the maximum programming count (n). the wait time after p bit setting should be changed as follows according to the value of the programming counter (n). programming counter (n) = 1 to 6: t sp30 = 30 m s programming counter (n) = 7 to 1000: t sp200 = 200 m s programming counter (n) [in additional programming] = 1 to 6: t sp10 = 10 m s * 5 for the maximum erase time (t e (max)), the following relationship applies between the wait time after e bit setting (t se ) and the maximum erase count (n): t e (max) = wait time after e bit setting (t se ) maximum erase count (n) to set the maximum erase time, the values of t se and n should be set so as to satisfy the above formula. examples: when t se = 100 [ms], n = 12 times when t se = 10 [ms], n = 120 times 664 21.2 operational timing this section shows timing diagrams. 21.2.1 clock timing clock timing is shown as follows: ? oscillator settling timing figure 21.4 shows the oscillator settling timing. f v cc stby res t osc1 t osc1 figure 21.4 oscillator settling timing 665 21.2.2 control signal timing control signal timing is shown as follows: ? reset input timing figure 21.5 shows the reset input timing. ? reset output timing * figure 21.6 shows the reset output timing. ? interrupt input timing figure 21.7 shows the interrupt input timing for nmi and irq 5 to irq 0 . f t ress t ress t resw t mds res fwe md 2 to md 0 figure 21.5 reset input timing f reso t resd t resow t resd figure 21.6 reset output timing * note: * this function is used only in mask rom models, and is not provided in flash memory models. 666 f nmi irq irq e l t nmis t nmih t nmis t nmih t nmis t nmiw nmi irq j irq : edge-sensitive irq : level-sensitive irq (i = 0 to 5) e l i i irq (j = 0 to 5) figure 21.7 interrupt input timing 21.2.3 bus timing bus timing is shown as follows: ? basic bus cycle: two-state access figure 21.8 shows the timing of the external two-state access cycle. ? basic bus cycle: three-state access figure 21.9 shows the timing of the external three-state access cycle. ? basic bus cycle: three-state access with one wait state figure 21.10 shows the timing of the external three-state access cycle with one wait state inserted. ? bus-release mode timing figure 21.11 shows the bus-release mode timing. 667 t 1 t 2 t ch t ad t cl t cr t cf t asd t acc3 t as1 t cyc t cyc t sd t rds t ah t pch1 t pch2 t rdh * t pch1 t sd t ah t asd t acc3 t as1 t acc1 t asd t as1 t wsw1 t wds1 t wdh t wdd f a 23 to a 0 , cs n as rd (read) d 15 to d 0 (read) hwr, lwr (write) d 15 to d 0 (write) note: * specification from the earliest negation timing of a 23 to a 0 , cs n , and rd . t rsd figure 21.8 basic bus cycle: two-state access 668 t 1 t 2 t 3 t acc4 t acc4 t as2 t wds2 t wsw2 t wsd t wdd t acc2 t rds f a 23 to a 0 , cs n as rd (read) d 15 to d 0 (read) hwr, lwr (write) d 15 to d 0 (write) figure 21.9 basic bus cycle: three-state access 669 t 1 t 2 t w t 3 t wts t wts t wth f as rd (read) d 15 to d 0 (read) hwr, lwr (write) d 15 to d 0 (write) wait t wth a 23 to a 0 , cs n figure 21.10 basic bus cycle: three-state access with one wait state 670 t ad t asd t as1 t acc4 t rds t rds t 3 t 1 t 2 t 2 t 1 t asd t sd t ah t as1 t ah t sd t asd t as1 t acc4 t acc2 t rsd t rdh * 1 t acc1 t ad f a 23 to a 3 csn a 2 to a 0 as rd d 15 to d 0 note: * 1 specification from the earliest negation timing of a23 to a0, csn , and rd . figure 21.11 burst rom access timing: two-state access 671 t ad t asd t as1 t acc4 t rds t rds t 3 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 2 t 1 t asd t sd t ah t as1 t ah t sd t asd t as1 t acc4 t acc2 t rsd t rdh * 1 t acc2 t ad f a 23 to a 3 csn a 2 to a 0 as rd d 15 to d 0 note: * 1 specification from the earliest negation timing of a23 to a0, cs n, and rd . figure 21.12 burst rom access timing: three-state access breq back f a 23 to a 0 , as, rd, hwr, lwr t brqs t brqs t bacd1 t bzd t bacd2 t bzd figure 21.13 bus-release mode timing 672 21.2.4 dram interface bus timing dram interface bus timing is shown as follows: ? dram bus timing: read and write access figure 21.14 shows the timing of the read and write access. ? dram bus timing: cas before ras refresh figure 21.15 shows the timing of the cas before ras refresh. ? dram bus timing: self-refresh figure 21.16 shows the timing of the self-refresh. 673 t p t ad t r t c1 t c2 t rp t ad t as1 t rad1 t rad2 t casd2 t cp t asd t cas1 t rdh * t casd2 t cas2 t cp t casd1 t cac t rds t rac t aa t rah t ad t wcd t wch t wcs t wdd t wds t wdh t asd f a 23 to a 0 cs 5 to cs 2 (ras 5 to ras 2 ) ucas, lcas (read) rd (we) (read) high high ucas, lcas (write) rd (we) (write) d 15 to d 0 (read) d 15 to d 0 (write) rfsh note: * specification from the earliest negation timing of ras and cas . figure 21.14 dram bus timing (read/write) 674 tr p tr 1 tr 2 t rp t rad1 t casd1 t casd2 t rad2 t ras f cs 5 to cs 2 (ras 5 to ras 2 ) ucas, lcas rd (we) (high) rfsh t csr1 t rad1 t csr1 t chr t ras t rad2 t chr t cas3 figure 21.15 dram bus timing (cas before ras refresh) 675 t csr2 t csr2 f cs 5 to cs 2 (ras 5 to ras 2 ) ucas, lcas rd (we) (high) rfsh figure 21.16 dram bus timing (self-refresh) 21.2.5 tpc and i/o port timing figure 21.17 shows the tpc and i/o port input/output timing. t 1 t 2 t 3 f port 1 to b (read) port 1 to 6, 8 to b (write) t prs t prh t pwd figure 21.17 tpc and i/o port input/output timing 676 21.2.6 timer input/output timing 16-bit timer and 8-bit timer timing is shown below. ? timer input/output timing figure 21.18 shows the timer input/output timing. ? timer external clock input timing figure 21.19 shows the timer external clock input timing. f output compare * 1 input capture * 2 t tocd t tics notes: * 1 tioca0 to tioca2, tiocb0 to tiocb2, tmo0, tmo2, tmio1, tmio3 * 2 tioca0 to tioca2, tiocb0 to tiocb2, tmio1, tmio3 figure 21.18 timer input/output timing f t tcks t tcks t tckwh t tckwl tclka to tclkd figure 21.19 timer external clock input timing 677 21.2.7 sci input/output timing sci timing is shown as follows: ? sci input clock timing figure 21.20 shows the sci input clock timing. ? sci input/output timing (synchronous mode) figure 21.21 shows the sci input/output timing in synchronous mode. sck 0 , sck 1 t sckw t scyc t sckr t sckf figure 21.20 sci input clock timing t scyc t txd t rxs t rxh sck 0 , sck 1 txd 0 , txd 1 (transmit data) rxd 0 , rxd 1 (receive data) figure 21.21 sci input/output timing in synchronous mode 678 21.2.8 dmac timing dmac timing is shown as follows. ? dmac tend output timing for 2 state access figure 21.22 shows the dmac tend output timing for 2 state access. ? dmac tend output timing for 3 state access figure 21.23 shows the dmac tend output timing for 3 state access. ? dmac dreq input timing figure 21.24 shows dmac dreq input timing. t 1 t 2 t ted1 t ted2 f tend figure 21.22 dmac tend output timing for 2 state access t 1 t 2 t 3 t ted1 t ted2 f tend figure 21.23 dmac tend output timing for 3 state access t drqh t drqs f dreq figure 21.24 dmac dreq input timing 679 appendix a instruction set a.1 instruction list operand notation symbol description rd general destination register rs general source register rn general register erd general destination register (address register or 32-bit register) ers general source register (address register or 32-bit register) ern general register (32-bit register) (ead) destination operand (eas) source operand pc program counter sp stack pointer ccr condition code register n n (negative) flag in ccr z z (zero) flag in ccr v v (overflow) flag in ccr c c (carry) flag in ccr disp displacement ? transfer from the operand on the left to the operand on the right, or transition from the state on the left to the state on the right + addition of the operands on both sides subtraction of the operand on the right from the operand on the left multiplication of the operands on both sides ? division of the operand on the left by the operand on the right logical and of the operands on both sides logical or of the operands on both sides ? exclusive logical or of the operands on both sides not (logical complement) ( ), < > contents of operand note: general registers include 8-bit registers (r0h to r7h and r0l to r7l) and 16-bit registers (r0 to r7 and e0 to e7). 680 condition code notation symbol description changed according to execution result * undetermined (no guaranteed value) 0 cleared to 0 1 set to 1 not affected by execution of the instruction d varies depending on conditions, described in notes 681 table a.1 instruction set 1. data transfer instructions mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc mov.b #xx:8, rd mov.b rs, rd mov.b @ers, rd mov.b @(d:16, ers), rd mov.b @(d:24, ers), rd mov.b @ers+, rd mov.b @aa:8, rd mov.b @aa:16, rd mov.b @aa:24, rd mov.b rs, @erd mov.b rs, @(d:16, erd) mov.b rs, @(d:24, erd) mov.b rs, @?rd mov.b rs, @aa:8 mov.b rs, @aa:16 mov.b rs, @aa:24 mov.w #xx:16, rd mov.w rs, rd mov.w @ers, rd mov.w @(d:16, ers), rd mov.w @(d:24, ers), rd mov.w @ers+, rd mov.w @aa:16, rd b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b w w w w w w w 2 2 2 4 8 2 2 4 6 2 4 8 2 2 4 6 4 2 2 4 8 2 4 #xx:8 ? rd8 rs8 ? rd8 @ers ? rd8 @(d:16, ers) ? rd8 @(d:24, ers) ? rd8 @ers ? rd8 ers32+1 ? ers32 @aa:8 ? rd8 @aa:16 ? rd8 @aa:24 ? rd8 rs8 ? @erd rs8 ? @(d:16, erd) rs8 ? @(d:24, erd) erd32e1 ? erd32 rs8 ? @erd rs8 ? @aa:8 rs8 ? @aa:16 rs8 ? @aa:24 #xx:16 ? rd16 rs16 ? rd16 @ers ? rd16 @(d:16, ers) ? rd16 @(d:24, ers) ? rd16 @ers ? rd16 ers32+2 ? @erd32 @aa:16 ? rd16 2 2 4 6 10 6 4 6 8 4 6 10 6 4 6 8 4 2 4 6 10 6 6 ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? 682 mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc mov.w @aa:24, rd mov.w rs, @erd mov.w rs, @(d:16, erd) mov.w rs, @(d:24, erd) mov.w rs, @?rd mov.w rs, @aa:16 mov.w rs, @aa:24 mov.l #xx:32, rd mov.l ers, erd mov.l @ers, erd mov.l @(d:16, ers), erd mov.l @(d:24, ers), erd mov.l @ers+, erd mov.l @aa:16, erd mov.l @aa:24, erd mov.l ers, @erd mov.l ers, @(d:16, erd) mov.l ers, @(d:24, erd) mov.l ers, @?rd mov.l ers, @aa:16 mov.l ers, @aa:24 pop.w rn pop.l ern w w w w w w w l l l l l l l l l l l l l l w l 6 2 4 8 2 4 6 6 2 4 6 10 4 6 8 4 6 10 4 6 8 2 4 @aa:24 ? rd16 rs16 ? @erd rs16 ? @(d:16, erd) rs16 ? @(d:24, erd) erd32e2 ? erd32 rs16 ? @erd rs16 ? @aa:16 rs16 ? @aa:24 #xx:32 ? rd32 ers32 ? erd32 @ers ? erd32 @(d:16, ers) ? erd32 @(d:24, ers) ? erd32 @ers ? erd32 ers32+4 ? ers32 @aa:16 ? erd32 @aa:24 ? erd32 ers32 ? @erd ers32 ? @(d:16, erd) ers32 ? @(d:24, erd) erd32e4 ? erd32 ers32 ? @erd ers32 ? @aa:16 ers32 ? @aa:24 @sp ? rn16 sp+2 ? sp @sp ? ern32 sp+4 ? sp 8 4 6 10 6 6 8 6 2 8 10 14 10 10 12 8 10 14 10 10 12 6 10 ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? 683 mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc push.w rn push.l ern movfpe @aa:16, rd movtpe rs, @aa:16 w l b b 2 4 4 4 sp? ? sp rn16 ? @sp spe4 ? sp ern32 ? @sp cannot be used in the h8/3068f cannot be used in the h8/3068f 6 10 ?? 0? ?? 0? cannot be used in the h8/3068f cannot be used in the h8/3068f 2. arithmetic instructions mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @eern/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa ? addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc add.b #xx:8, rd add.b rs, rd add.w #xx:16, rd add.w rs, rd add.l #xx:32, erd add.l ers, erd addx.b #xx:8, rd addx.b rs, rd adds.l #1, erd adds.l #2, erd adds.l #4, erd inc.b rd inc.w #1, rd inc.w #2, rd b b w w l l b b l l l b w w 2 2 4 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 rd8+#xx:8 ? rd8 rd8+rs8 ? rd8 rd16+#xx:16 ? rd16 rd16+rs16 ? rd16 erd32+#xx:32 ? erd32 erd32+ers32 ? erd32 rd8+#xx:8 +c ? rd8 rd8+rs8 +c ? rd8 erd32+1 ? erd32 erd32+2 ? erd32 erd32+4 ? erd32 rd8+1 ? rd8 rd16+1 ? rd16 rd16+2 ? rd16 2 2 4 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ? ? ? (1) ? (1) ? (2) ? (2) ? (3) ? (3) ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? 684 mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc inc.l #1, erd inc.l #2, erd daa rd sub.b rs, rd sub.w #xx:16, rd sub.w rs, rd sub.l #xx:32, erd sub.l ers, erd subx.b #xx:8, rd subx.b rs, rd subs.l #1, erd subs.l #2, erd subs.l #4, erd dec.b rd dec.w #1, rd dec.w #2, rd dec.l #1, erd dec.l #2, erd das.rd mulxu. b rs, rd mulxu. w rs, erd mulxs. b rs, rd mulxs. w rs, erd divxu. b rs, rd l l b b w w l l b b l l l b w w l l b b w b w b 2 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 erd32+1 ? erd32 erd32+2 ? erd32 rd8 decimal adjust ? rd8 rd8ers8 ? rd8 rd16e#xx:16 ? rd16 rd16ers16 ? rd16 erd32e#xx:32 ? erd32 erd32eers32 ? erd32 rd8e#xx:8ec ? rd8 rd8ers8ec ? rd8 erd32e1 ? erd32 erd32e2 ? erd32 erd32e4 ? erd32 rd8e1 ? rd8 rd16e1 ? rd16 rd16e2 ? rd16 erd32e1 ? erd32 erd32e2 ? erd32 rd8 decimal adjust ? rd8 rd8 rs8 ? rd16 (unsigned multiplication) rd16 rs16 ? erd32 (unsigned multiplication) rd8 rs8 ? rd16 (signed multiplication) rd16 rs16 ? erd32 (signed multiplication) rd16 ? rs8 ? rd16 (rdh: remainder, rdl: quotient) (unsigned division) 2 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 22 16 24 14 ?? ? ?? ? ? * * ? (1) ? (1) ? (2) ? (2) ? (3) ? (3) ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ? * * ?? ?? ?? ? ? (6) (7) ? ? 685 mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc divxu. w rs, erd divxs. b rs, rd divxs. w rs, erd cmp.b #xx:8, rd cmp.b rs, rd cmp.w #xx:16, rd cmp.w rs, rd cmp.l #xx:32, erd cmp.l ers, erd neg.b rd neg.w rd neg.l erd extu.w rd extu.l erd exts.w rd exts.l erd w b w b b w w l l b w l w l w l 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 erd32 ? rs16 ? erd32 (ed: remainder, rd: quotient) (unsigned division) rd16 ? rs8 ? rd16 (rdh: remainder, rdl: quotient) (signed division) erd32 ? rs16 ? erd32 (ed: remainder, rd: quotient) (signed division) rd8e#xx:8 rd8ers8 rd16e#xx:16 rd16ers16 erd32e#xx:32 erd32eers32 0erd8 ? rd8 0erd16 ? rd16 0eerd32 ? erd32 0 ? ( 686 3. logic instructions mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc and.b #xx:8, rd and.b rs, rd and.w #xx:16, rd and.w rs, rd and.l #xx:32, erd and.l ers, erd or.b #xx:8, rd or.b rs, rd or.w #xx:16, rd or.w rs, rd or.l #xx:32, erd or.l ers, erd xor.b #xx:8, rd xor.b rs, rd xor.w #xx:16, rd xor.w rs, rd xor.l #xx:32, erd xor.l ers, erd not.b rd not.w rd not.l erd b b w w l l b b w w l l b b w w l l b w l 2 2 4 2 6 4 2 2 4 2 6 4 2 2 4 2 6 4 2 2 2 rd8 #xx:8 ? rd8 rd8 rs8 ? rd8 rd16 #xx:16 ? rd16 rd16 rs16 ? rd16 erd32 #xx:32 ? erd32 erd32 ers32 ? erd32 rd8 #xx:8 ? rd8 rd8 rs8 ? rd8 rd16 #xx:16 ? rd16 rd16 rs16 ? rd16 erd32 #xx:32 ? erd32 erd32 ers32 ? erd32 rd8 ? #xx:8 ? rd8 rd8 ? rs8 ? rd8 rd16 ? #xx:16 ? rd16 rd16 ? rs16 ? rd16 erd32 ? #xx:32 ? erd32 erd32 ? ers32 ? erd32 ard8 ? rd8 ard16 ? rd16 ard32 ? rd32 2 2 4 2 6 4 2 2 4 2 6 4 2 2 4 2 6 4 2 2 2 ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? ?? 0? 687 4. shift instructions mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc shal.b rd shal.w rd shal.l erd shar.b rd shar.w rd shar.l erd shll.b rd shll.w rd shll.l erd shlr.b rd shlr.w rd shlr.l erd rotxl.b rd rotxl.w rd rotxl.l erd rotxr.b rd rotxr.w rd rotxr.l erd rotl.b rd rotl.w rd rotl.l erd rotr.b rd rotr.w rd rotr.l erd b w l b w l b w l b w l b w l b w l b w l b w l 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ?? ?? ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 ?? 0 c msb lsb c msb lsb c msb lsb c msb lsb msb lsb 0 c msb lsb 0 c c msb lsb 0c msb lsb 688 5. bit manipulation instructions mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc bset #xx:3, rd bset #xx:3, @erd bset #xx:3, @aa:8 bset rn, rd bset rn, @erd bset rn, @aa:8 bclr #xx:3, rd bclr #xx:3, @erd bclr #xx:3, @aa:8 bclr rn, rd bclr rn, @erd bclr rn, @aa:8 bnot #xx:3, rd bnot #xx:3, @erd bnot #xx:3, @aa:8 bnot rn, rd bnot rn, @erd bnot rn, @aa:8 btst #xx:3, rd btst #xx:3, @erd btst #xx:3, @aa:8 btst rn, rd btst rn, @erd btst rn, @aa:8 bld #xx:3, rd b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 (#xx:3 of rd8) ? 1 (#xx:3 of @erd) ? 1 (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? 1 (rn8 of rd8) ? 1 (rn8 of @erd) ? 1 (rn8 of @aa:8) ? 1 (#xx:3 of rd8) ? 0 (#xx:3 of @erd) ? 0 (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? 0 (rn8 of rd8) ? 0 (rn8 of @erd) ? 0 (rn8 of @aa:8) ? 0 (#xx:3 of rd8) ? a (#xx:3 of rd8) (#xx:3 of @erd) ? a (#xx:3 of @erd) (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? a (#xx:3 of @aa:8) (rn8 of rd8) ? a (rn8 of rd8) (rn8 of @erd) ? a (rn8 of @erd) (rn8 of @aa:8) ? a (rn8 of @aa:8) a (#xx:3 of rd8) ? z a (#xx:3 of @erd) ? z a (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? z a (rn8 of @rd8) ? z a (rn8 of @erd) ? z a (rn8 of @aa:8) ? z (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c 2 8 8 2 8 8 2 8 8 2 8 8 2 8 8 2 8 8 2 6 6 2 6 6 2 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? 689 mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc bld #xx:3, @erd bld #xx:3, @aa:8 bild #xx:3, rd bild #xx:3, @erd bild #xx:3, @aa:8 bst #xx:3, rd bst #xx:3, @erd bst #xx:3, @aa:8 bist #xx:3, rd bist #xx:3, @erd bist #xx:3, @aa:8 band #xx:3, rd band #xx:3, @erd band #xx:3, @aa:8 biand #xx:3, rd biand #xx:3, @erd biand #xx:3, @aa:8 bor #xx:3, rd bor #xx:3, @erd bor #xx:3, @aa:8 bior #xx:3, rd bior #xx:3, @erd bior #xx:3, @aa:8 bxor #xx:3, rd bxor #xx:3, @erd bxor #xx:3, @aa:8 bixor #xx:3, rd bixor #xx:3, @erd bixor #xx:3, @aa:8 b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 (#xx:3 of @erd) ? c (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c a (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c a (#xx:3 of @erd) ? c a (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c c ? (#xx:3 of rd8) c ? (#xx:3 of @erd24) c ? (#xx:3 of @aa:8) a c ? (#xx:3 of rd8) a c ? (#xx:3 of @erd24) a c ? (#xx:3 of @aa:8) c (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c c (#xx:3 of @erd24) ? c c (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c c a (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c c a (#xx:3 of @erd24) ? c c a (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c c (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c c (#xx:3 of @erd24) ? c c (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c c a (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c c a (#xx:3 of @erd24) ? c c a (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c c ? (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c c ? (#xx:3 of @erd24) ? c c ? (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c c ? a (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c c ? a (#xx:3 of @erd24) ? c c ? a (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c 6 6 2 6 6 2 8 8 2 8 8 2 6 6 2 6 6 2 6 6 2 6 6 2 6 6 2 6 6 ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? 690 6. branching instructions mnemonic operation branch condition condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc bra d:8 (bt d:8) bra d:16 (bt d:16) brn d:8 (bf d:8) brn d:16 (bf d:16) bhi d:8 bhi d:16 bls d:8 bls d:16 bcc d:8 (bhs d:8) bcc d:16 (bhs d:16) bcs d:8 (blo d:8) bcs d:16 (blo d:16) bne d:8 bne d:16 beq d:8 beq d:16 bvc d:8 bvc d:16 bvs d:8 bvs d:16 bpl d:8 bpl d:16 bmi d:8 bmi d:16 bge d:8 bge d:16 blt d:8 blt d:16 bgt d:8 bgt d:16 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 if condition is true then pc ? pc+d else next; 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? always never c z = 0 c z = 1 c = 0 c = 1 z = 0 z = 1 v = 0 v = 1 n = 0 n = 1 n ? v = 0 n ? v = 1 z (n ? v) = 0 691 mnemonic operation operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc ble d:8 ble d:16 jmp @ern jmp @aa:24 jmp @@aa:8 bsr d:8 bsr d:16 jsr @ern jsr @aa:24 jsr @@aa:8 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 pc ? ern pc ? aa:24 pc ? @aa:8 pc ? @esp pc ? pc+d:8 pc ? @esp pc ? pc+d:16 pc ? @esp pc ? @ern pc ? @esp pc ? @aa:24 pc ? @esp pc ? @aa:8 pc ? @sp+ 4 6 4 6 8 6 8 6 8 8 8 10 8 10 8 10 12 10 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? branch condition if condition is true then pc ? pc+d else next; z (n ? v) = 1 692 7. system control instructions mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc trapa #x:2 rte sleep ldc #xx:8, ccr ldc rs, ccr ldc @ers, ccr ldc @(d:16, ers), ccr ldc @(d:24, ers), ccr ldc @ers+, ccr ldc @aa:16, ccr ldc @aa:24, ccr stc ccr, rd stc ccr, @erd stc ccr, @(d:16, erd) stc ccr, @(d:24, erd) stc ccr, @?rd stc ccr, @aa:16 stc ccr, @aa:24 andc #xx:8, ccr orc #xx:8, ccr xorc #xx:8, ccr nop b b w w w w w w b w w w w w w b b b 2 2 2 4 6 10 4 6 8 2 4 6 10 4 6 8 2 2 2 2 pc ? @esp ccr ? @esp 693 8. block transfer instructions mnemonic operation condition code operand size #xx rn @ern @(d, ern) @?rn/@ern+ @aa @(d, pc) @@aa addressing mode and instruction length (bytes) normal advanced no. of states * 1 ihnzvc eepmov. b eepmov. w 4 4 if r4l 0 repeat @r5 ? @r6 r5+1 ? r5 r6+1 ? r6 r4le1 ? r4l until r4l=0 else next; if r4 0 repeat @r5 ? @r6 r5+1 ? r5 r6+1 ? r6 r4e1 ? r4 until r4=0 else next; 8+ 4n * 2 8+ 4n * 2 notes: * 1 the number of states is the number of states required for execution when the instruction and its operands are located in on-chip memory. for other cases see section a.3, number of states required for execution. * 2 n is the value set in register r4l or r4. (1) set to 1 when a carry or borrow occurs at bit 11; otherwise cleared to 0. (2) set to 1 when a carry or borrow occurs at bit 27; otherwise cleared to 0. (3) retains its previous value when the result is zero; otherwise cleared to 0. (4) set to 1 when the adjustment produces a carry; otherwise retains its previous value. (5) the number of states required for execution of an instruction that transfers data in synchronization with the e clock is variable. (6) set to 1 when the divisor is negative; otherwise cleared to 0. (7) set to 1 when the divisor is zero; otherwise cleared to 0. (8) set to 1 when the quotient is negative; otherwise cleared to 0. 694 a.2 operation code maps table a.2 operation code map (1) ah al 0123456789abcdef 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f nop bra mulxu bset brn divxu bnot stc bhi mulxu bclr ldc bls divxu btst orc or.b bcc rts or xorc xor.b bcs bsr xor bor bior bxor bixor band biand andc and.b bne rte and ldc bnq trapa bld bild bst bist bvc mov bpl jmp bmi addx subx bgt jsr ble mov add addx cmp subx or xor and mov instruction when most significant bit of bh is 0. instruction when most significant bit of bh is 1. instruction code: table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) bvs blt bge bsr table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (2) table a.2 (3) 1st byte 2nd byte ah bh al bl add sub mov cmp mov.b eepmov 695 table a.2 operation code map (2) ah al bh 0123456789abcdef 01 0a 0b 0f 10 11 12 13 17 1a 1b 1f 58 79 7a mov inc adds daa dec subs das bra mov mov bhi cmp cmp ldc/stc bcc or or bpl bgt instruction code: bvs sleep bvc bge table a.2 (3) table a.2 (3) table a.2 (3) bne and and inc extu dec beq inc extu dec bcs xor xor shll shlr rotxl rotxr not bls sub sub brn add add inc exts dec blt inc exts dec ble shal shar rotl rotr neg bmi 1st byte 2nd byte ah bh al bl subs adds add mov sub cmp shll shlr rotxl rotxr not shal shar rotl rotr neg 696 table a.2 operation code map (3) ah albh blch cl 0123456789abcdef 01406 01c05 01d05 01f06 7cr06 7cr07 7dr06 7dr07 7eaa6 7eaa7 7faa6 7faa7 mulxs bset bset bset bset divixs bnot bnot bnot bnot mulxs bclr bclr bclr bclr divxs btst btst btst btst or xor bor bior bxor bixor band biand and bld bild bst bist instruction when most significant bit of dh is 0. instruction when most significant bit of dh is 1. instruction code: * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 bor bior bxor bixor band biand bld bild bst bist notes: * 1 * 2 r is the register designation field. aa is the absolute address field. 1st byte 2nd byte ah bh al bl 3rd byte ch dh cl dl 4th byte ldc stc ldc ldc ldc stc stc stc 697 a.3 number of states required for execution the tables in this section can be used to calculate the number of states required for instruction execution by the h8/300h cpu. table a.4 indicates the number of instruction fetch, data read/write, and other cycles occurring in each instruction. table a.3 indicates the number of states required per cycle according to the bus size. the number of states required for execution of an instruction can be calculated from these two tables as follows: number of states = i s i + j s j + k s k + l s l + m s m + n s n examples of calculation of number of states required for execution examples: advanced mode, stack located in external address space, on-chip supporting modules accessed with 8-bit bus width, external devices accessed in three states with one wait state and 16-bit bus width. bset #0, @ffffc7:8 from table a.4, i = l = 2 and j = k = m = n = 0 from table a.3, s i = 4 and s l = 3 number of states = 2 4 + 2 3 = 14 jsr @@30 from table a.4, i = j = k = 2 and l = m = n = 0 from table a.3, s i = s j = s k = 4 number of states = 2 4 + 2 4 + 2 4 = 24 698 table a.3 number of states per cycle access conditions on-chip sup- external device porting module 8-bit bus 16-bit bus execution state (cycle) on-chip memory 8-bit bus 16-bit bus 2-state access 3-state access 2-state access 3-state access instruction fetch s i 2 6346 + 2m23 + m branch address read s j stack operation s k byte data access s l 3 2 3 + m word data access s m 6 4 6 + 2m internal operation s n 1 legend m: number of wait states inserted into external device access 699 table a.4 number of cycles per instruction instruction mnemonic instruction fetch i branch addr. read j stack operation k byte data access l word data access m internal operation n add add.b #xx:8, rd add.b rs, rd add.w #xx:16, rd add.w rs, rd add.l #xx:32, erd add.l ers, erd 1 1 2 1 3 1 adds adds #1/2/4, erd 1 addx addx #xx:8, rd addx rs, rd 1 1 and and.b #xx:8, rd and.b rs, rd and.w #xx:16, rd and.w rs, rd and.l #xx:32, erd and.l ers, erd 1 1 2 1 3 2 andc andc #xx:8, ccr 1 band band #xx:3, rd band #xx:3, @erd band #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 1 bcc bra d:8 (bt d:8) brn d:8 (bf d:8) bhi d:8 bls d:8 bcc d:8 (bhs d:8) bcs d:8 (blo d:8) bne d:8 beq d:8 bvc d:8 bvs d:8 bpl d:8 bmi d:8 bge d:8 blt d:8 bgt d:8 ble d:8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 700 instruction mnemonic instruction fetch i branch addr. read j stack operation k byte data access l word data access m internal operation n bcc bra d:16 (bt d:16) brn d:16 (bf d:16) bhi d:16 bls d:16 bcc d:16 (bhs d:16) bcs d:16 (blo d:16) bne d:16 beq d:16 bvc d:16 bvs d:16 bpl d:16 bmi d:16 bge d:16 blt d:16 bgt d:16 ble d:16 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 bclr bclr #xx:3, rd bclr #xx:3, @erd bclr #xx:3, @aa:8 bclr rn, rd bclr rn, @erd bclr rn, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 biand biand #xx:3, rd biand #xx:3, @erd biand #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 1 bild bild #xx:3, rd bild #xx:3, @erd bild #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 1 bior bior #xx:8, rd bior #xx:8, @erd bior #xx:8, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 1 bist bist #xx:3, rd bist #xx:3, @erd bist #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 2 2 bixor bixor #xx:3, rd bixor #xx:3, @erd bixor #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 1 bld bld #xx:3, rd bld #xx:3, @erd bld #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 1 701 instruction mnemonic instruction fetch i branch addr. read j stack operation k byte data access l word data access m internal operation n bnot bnot #xx:3, rd bnot #xx:3, @erd bnot #xx:3, @aa:8 bnot rn, rd bnot rn, @erd bnot rn, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 bor bor #xx:3, rd bor #xx:3, @erd bor #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 1 bset bset #xx:3, rd bset #xx:3, @erd bset #xx:3, @aa:8 bset rn, rd bset rn, @erd bset rn, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 bsr bsr d:8 normal 2 1 advanced 2 2 bsr d:16 normal 2 1 2 advanced 2 2 2 bst bst #xx:3, rd bst #xx:3, @erd bst #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 2 2 btst btst #xx:3, rd btst #xx:3, @erd btst #xx:3, @aa:8 btst rn, rd btst rn, @erd btst rn, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 bxor bxor #xx:3, rd bxor #xx:3, @erd bxor #xx:3, @aa:8 1 2 2 1 1 cmp cmp.b #xx:8, rd cmp.b rs, rd cmp.w #xx:16, rd cmp.w rs, rd cmp.l #xx:32, erd cmp.l ers, erd 1 1 2 1 3 1 daa daa rd 1 das das rd 1 702 instruction mnemonic instruction fetch i branch addr. read j stack operation k byte data access l word data access m internal operation n dec dec.b rd dec.w #1/2, rd dec.l #1/2, erd 1 1 1 divxs divxs.b rs, rd divxs.w rs, erd 2 2 12 20 divxu divxu.b rs, rd divxu.w rs, erd 1 1 12 20 eepmov eepmov.b eepmov.w 2 2 2n + 2 * 1 2n + 2 * 1 exts exts.w rd exts.l erd 1 1 extu extu.w rd extu.l erd 1 1 inc inc.b rd inc.w #1/2, rd inc.l #1/2, erd 1 1 1 jmp jmp @ern 2 jmp @aa:24 2 2 jmp @@aa:8 normal 2 1 2 advanced 2 2 2 jsr jsr @ern normal 2 1 advanced 2 2 jsr @aa:24 normal 2 1 2 advanced 2 2 2 jsr @@aa:8 normal 2 1 1 advanced 2 2 2 ldc ldc #xx:8, ccr ldc rs, ccr ldc @ers, ccr ldc @(d:16, ers), ccr ldc @(d:24, ers), ccr ldc @ers+, ccr ldc @aa:16, ccr ldc @aa:24, ccr 1 1 2 3 5 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 703 instruction mnemonic instruction fetch i branch addr. read j stack operation k byte data access l word data access m internal operation n mov mov.b #xx:8, rd mov.b rs, rd mov.b @ers, rd mov.b @(d:16, ers), rd mov.b @(d:24, ers), rd mov.b @ers+, rd mov.b @aa:8, rd mov.b @aa:16, rd mov.b @aa:24, rd mov.b rs, @erd mov.b rs, @(d:16, erd) mov.b rs, @(d:24, erd) mov.b rs, @?rd mov.b rs, @aa:8 mov.b rs, @aa:16 mov.b rs, @aa:24 mov.w #xx:16, rd mov.w rs, rd mov.w @ers, rd mov.w @(d:16, ers), rd mov.w @(d:24, ers), rd mov.w @ers+, rd mov.w @aa:16, rd mov.w @aa:24, rd mov.w rs, @erd mov.w rs, @(d:16, erd) mov.w rs, @(d:24, erd) mov.w rs, @?rd mov.w rs, @aa:16 mov.w rs, @aa:24 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 mov.l #xx:32, erd mov.l ers, erd mov.l @ers, erd m ov. l @( d: 16, ers ) , er d m ov. l @( d: 24, ers ) , er d mov.l @ers+, erd mov.l @aa:16, erd mov.l @aa:24, erd mov.l ers, @erd m ov. l er s , @( d: 16 , er d) m ov. l er s , @( d: 24 , er d) mov.l ers, @?rd mov.l ers, @aa:16 mov.l ers, @aa:24 3 1 2 3 5 2 3 4 2 3 5 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 704 instruction mnemonic instruction fetch i branch addr. read j stack operation k byte data access l word data access m internal operation n movfpe movfpe @aa:16, rd * 2 21 movtpe movtpe rs, @aa:16 * 2 21 mulxs mulxs.b rs, rd mulxs.w rs, erd 2 2 12 20 mulxu mulxu.b rs, rd mulxu.w rs, erd 1 1 12 20 neg neg.b rd neg.w rd neg.l erd 1 1 1 nop nop 1 not not.b rd not.w rd not.l erd 1 1 1 or or.b #xx:8, rd or.b rs, rd or.w #xx:16, rd or.w rs, rd or.l #xx:32, erd or.l ers, erd 1 1 2 1 3 2 orc orc #xx:8, ccr 1 pop pop.w rn pop.l ern 1 2 1 2 2 2 push push.w rn push.l ern 1 2 1 2 2 2 rotl rotl.b rd rotl.w rd rotl.l erd 1 1 1 rotr rotr.b rd rotr.w rd rotr.l erd 1 1 1 rotxl rotxl.b rd rotxl.w rd rotxl.l erd 1 1 1 rotxr rotxr.b rd rotxr.w rd rotxr.l erd 1 1 1 rte rte 2 2 2 705 instruction mnemonic instruction fetch i branch addr. read j stack operation k byte data access l word data access m internal operation n rts rts normal 2 1 2 advanced 2 2 2 shal shal.b rd shal.w rd shal.l erd 1 1 1 shar shar.b rd shar.w rd shar.l erd 1 1 1 shll shll.b rd shll.w rd shll.l erd 1 1 1 shlr shlr.b rd shlr.w rd shlr.l erd 1 1 1 sleep sleep 1 stc stc ccr, rd stc ccr, @erd st c ccr , @( d: 16, er d) st c ccr , @( d: 24, er d) stc ccr, @?rd stc ccr, @aa:16 stc ccr, @aa:24 1 2 3 5 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 sub sub.b rs, rd sub.w #xx:16, rd sub.w rs, rd sub.l #xx:32, erd sub.l ers, erd 1 2 1 3 1 subs subs #1/2/4, erd 1 subx subx #xx:8, rd subx rs, rd 1 1 trapa trapa #x:2 normal 2 1 2 4 advanced 2 2 2 4 xor xor.b #xx:8, rd xor.b rs, rd xor.w #xx:16, rd xor.w rs, rd xor.l #xx:32, erd xor.l ers, erd 1 1 2 1 3 2 xorc xorc #xx:8, ccr 1 notes: * 1 n is the value set in register r4l or r4. the source and destination are accessed n + 1 times each. * 2 not available in the h8/3067 series. 706 appendix b internal i/o registers b.1 addresses (emc = 1) address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'ee000 p1ddr 8 p1 7 ddr p1 6 ddr p1 5 ddr p1 4 ddr p1 3 ddr p1 2 ddr p1 1 ddr p1 0 ddr port 1 h'ee001 p2ddr 8 p2 7 ddr p2 6 ddr p2 5 ddr p2 4 ddr p2 3 ddr p2 2 ddr p2 1 ddr p2 0 ddr port 2 h'ee002 p3ddr 8 p3 7 ddr p3 6 ddr p3 5 ddr p3 4 ddr p3 3 ddr p3 2 ddr p3 1 ddr p3 0 ddr port 3 h'ee003 p4ddr 8 p4 7 ddr p4 6 ddr p4 5 ddr p4 4 ddr p4 3 ddr p4 2 ddr p4 1 ddr p4 0 ddr port 4 h'ee004 p5ddr 8 ?5 3 ddr p5 2 ddr p5 1 ddr p5 0 ddr port 5 h'ee005 p6ddr 8 p6 6 ddr p6 5 ddr p6 4 ddr p6 3 ddr p6 2 ddr p6 1 ddr p6 0 ddr port 6 h'ee006 h'ee007 p8ddr 8 p8 4 ddr p8 3 ddr p8 2 ddr p8 1 ddr p8 0 ddr port 8 h'ee008 p9ddr 8 p9 5 ddr p9 4 ddr p9 3 ddr p9 2 ddr p9 1 ddr p9 0 ddr port 9 h'ee009 paddr 8 pa 7 ddr pa 6 ddr pa 5 ddr pa 4 ddr pa 3 ddr pa 2 ddr pa 1 ddr pa 0 ddr port a h'ee00a pbddr 8 pb 7 ddr pb 6 ddr pb 5 ddr pb 4 ddr pb 3 ddr pb 2 ddr pb 1 ddr pb 0 ddr port b h'ee00b h'ee00c h'ee00d h'ee00e h'ee00f h'ee010 h'ee011 mdcr 8 mds2 mds1 mds0 system h'ee012 syscr 8 ssby sts2 sts1 sts0 ue nmieg ssoe rame control h'ee013 brcr 8 a23e a22e a21e a20e brle bus controller h'ee014 iscr 8 irq5sc irq4sc irq3sc irq2sc irq1sc irq0sc interrupt h'ee015 ier 8 irq5e irq4e irq3e irq2e irq1e irq0e controller h'ee016 isr 8 irq5f irq4f irq3f irq2f irq1f irq0f h'ee017 h'ee018 ipra 8 ipra7 ipra6 ipra5 ipra4 ipra3 ipra2 ipra1 ipra0 h'ee019 iprb 8 iprb7 iprb6 iprb5 iprb3 iprb2 iprb1 h'ee01a dastcr 8 daste d/a converter h'ee01b divcr 8 div1 div0 system h'ee01c mstcrh 8 pstop mstph2 mstph1 mstph0 control h'ee01d mstcrl 8 mstpl7 mstpl5 mstpl4 mstpl3 mstpl2 mstpl0 h'ee01e adrcr 8 adrctl bus controller h'ee01f cscr 8 cs7e cs6e cs5e cs4e 707 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'ee020 abwcr 8 abw7 abw6 abw5 abw4 abw3 abw2 abw1 abw0 bus h'ee021 astcr 8 ast7 ast6 ast5 ast4 ast3 ast2 ast1 ast0 controller h'ee022 wcrh 8 w71 w70 w61 w60 w51 w50 w41 w40 h'ee023 wcrl 8 w31 w30 w21 w20 w11 w10 w01 w00 h'ee024 bcr 8 icis1 icis0 brome brsts1 brsts0 rdea waite h'ee025 h'ee026 drcra 8 dras2 dras1 dras0 be rdm srfmd rfshe dram h'ee027 drcrb 8 mxc1 mxc0 csel rcyce tpc rcw rlw interface h'ee028 rtmcsr 8 cmf cmie cks2 cks1 cks0 h'ee029 rtcnt 8 h'ee02a rtcor 8 h'ee02b reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee02c h'ee02d h'ee02e h'ee02f h'ee030 flmcr1 8 fwe swe esu psu ev pv e p flash h'ee031 flmcr2 8 fler memory h'ee032 ebr1 8 eb7 eb6 eb5 eb4 eb3 eb2 eb1 eb0 h'ee033 ebr2 8 eb13 eb12 eb11 eb10 eb9 eb8 h'ee034 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee035 h'ee036 h'ee037 h'ee038 h'ee039 h'ee03a h'ee03b h'ee03c p2pcr 8 p2 7 pcr p2 6 pcr p2 5 pcr p2 4 pcr p2 3 pcr p2 2 pcr p2 7 pcr p2 0 pcr port 2 h'ee03d h'ee03e p4pcr 8 p4 7 pcr p4 6 pcr p4 5 pcr p4 4 pcr p4 3 pcr p4 2 pcr p4 1 pcr p4 0 pcr port 4 h'ee03f p5pcr 8 ?5 3 pcr p5 2 pcr p5 1 pcr p5 0 pcr port 5 708 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'ee040 h'ee041 h'ee042 h'ee043 h'ee044 h'ee045 h'ee046 h'ee047 h'ee048 h'ee049 h'ee04a h'ee04b h'ee04c h'ee04d h'ee04e h'ee04f h'ee050 h'ee051 h'ee052 h'ee053 h'ee054 h'ee055 h'ee056 h'ee057 h'ee058 h'ee059 h'ee05a h'ee05b h'ee05c h'ee05d h'ee05e h'ee05f 709 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'ee060 h'ee061 h'ee062 h'ee063 h'ee064 h'ee065 h'ee066 h'ee067 h'ee068 h'ee069 h'ee06a h'ee06b h'ee06c h'ee06d h'ee06e h'ee06f h'ee070 h'ee071 h'ee072 h'ee073 h'ee074 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee075 h'ee076 h'ee077 ramcr * 1 8 rams ram2 ram1 ram0 flash memory * 1 h'ee078 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee079 h'ee07a h'ee07b h'ee07c h'ee07d h'ee07e h'ee07f 710 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'ee080 reserved area (access prohibited) flash memory * 1 h'ee081 h'fff20 mar0ar 8 dmac channel 0a h'fff21 mar0ae 8 h'fff22 mar0ah 8 h'fff23 mar0al 8 h'fff24 etcr0ah 8 h'fff25 etcr0al 8 h'fff26 ioar0a 8 h'fff27 dtcr0a 8 dte dtsz dtid rpe dtie dts2 dts1 dts0 short address mode dte dtsz said saide dtie dts2a dts1a dts0a full address mode h'fff28 mar0br 8 dmac channel 0b h'fff29 mar0be 8 h'fff2a mar0bh 8 h'fff2b mar0bl 8 h'fff2c etcr0bh 8 h'fff2d etcr0bl 8 h'fff2e ioar0b 8 h'fff2f dtcr0b 8 dte dtsz dtid rpe dtie dts2 dts1 dts0 short address mode dtme daid daide tms dts2b dts1b dts0b full address mode h'fff30 mar1ar 8 dmac channel 1a h'fff31 mar1ae 8 h'fff32 mar1ah 8 h'fff33 mar1al 8 h'fff34 etcr1ah 8 h'fff35 etcr1al 8 h'fff36 ioar1a 8 h'fff37 dtcr1a 8 dte dtsz dtid rpe dtie dts2 dts1 dts0 short address mode dte dtsz said saide dtie dts2a dts1a dts0a full address mode h'fff38 mar1br 8 dmac channel 1b h'fff39 mar1be 8 h'fff3a mar1bh 8 h'fff3b mar1bl 8 h'fff3c etcr1bh 8 h'fff3d etcr1bl 8 h'fff3e ioar1b 8 h'fff3f dtcr1b 8 dte dtsz dtid rpe dtie dts2 dts1 dts0 short address mode dtme daid daide tms dts2b dts1b dts0b full address mode 711 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'fff40 h'fff41 h'fff42 h'fff43 h'fff44 h'fff45 h'fff46 h'fff47 h'fff48 h'fff49 h'fff4a h'fff4b h'fff4c h'fff4d h'fff4e h'fff4f h'fff50 h'fff51 h'fff52 h'fff53 h'fff54 h'fff55 h'fff56 h'fff57 h'fff58 h'fff59 h'fff5a h'fff5b h'fff5c h'fff5d h'fff5e h'fff5f 712 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'fff60 tstr 8 str2 str1 str0 16-bit timer, h'fff61 tsnc 8 sync2 sync1 sync0 (all channels) h'fff62 tmdr 8 mdf fdir pwm2 pwm1 pwm0 h'fff63 tolr 8 tob2 toa2 tob1 toa1 tob0 toa0 h'fff64 tisra 8 imiea2 imiea1 imiea0 imfa2 imfa1 imfa0 h'fff65 tisrb 8 imieb2 imieb1 imieb0 imfb2 imfb1 imfb0 h'fff66 tisrc 8 ovie2 ovie1 ovie0 ovf2 ovf1 ovf0 h'fff67 h'fff68 tcr0 8 cclr1 cclr0 ckeg1 ckeg0 tpsc2 tpsc1 tpsc0 16-bit timer h'fff69 tior0 8 iob2 iob1 iob0 ioa2 ioa1 ioa0 channel 0 h'fff6a tcnt0h 16 h'fff6b tcnt0l h'fff6c gra0h 16 h'fff6d gra0l h'fff6e grb0h 16 h'fff6f grb0l h'fff70 tcr1 8 cclr1 cclr0 ckeg1 ckeg0 tpsc2 tpsc1 tpsc0 16-bit timer h'fff71 tior1 8 iob2 iob1 iob0 ioa2 ioa1 ioa0 channel 1 h'fff72 tcnt1h 16 h'fff73 tcnt1l h'fff74 gra1h 16 h'fff75 gra1l h'fff76 grb1h 16 h'fff77 grb1l h'fff78 tcr2 8 cclr1 cclr0 ckeg1 ckeg0 tpsc2 tpsc1 tpsc0 16-bit timer h'fff79 tior2 8 iob2 iob1 iob0 ioa2 ioa1 ioa0 channel 2 h'fff7a tcnt2h 16 h'fff7b tcnt2l h'fff7c gra2h 16 h'fff7d gra2l h'fff7e grb2h 16 h'fff7f grb2l 713 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'fff80 tcr0 8 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 8-bit timer channels 0 h'fff81 tcr1 8 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 and 1 h'fff82 tcsr0 8 cmfb cmfa ovf adte ois3 ois2 os1 os0 h'fff83 tcsr1 8 cmfb cmfa ovf ice ois3 ois2 os1 os0 h'fff84 tcora0 8 h'fff85 tcora1 8 h'fff86 tcorb0 8 h'fff87 tcorb1 8 h'fff88 tcnt0 8 h'fff89 tcnt1 8 h'fff8a h'fff8b h'fff8c tcsr * 2 8 ovf wt/ it tme cks2 cks1 cks0 wdt h'fff8d tcnt * 2 8 h'fff8e h'fff8f rstcsr * 2 8 wrst rstoe h'fff90 tcr2 8 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 h'fff91 tcr3 8 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 h'fff92 tcsr2 8 cmfb cmfa ovf ois3 ois2 os1 os0 h'fff93 tcsr3 8 cmfb cmfa ovf ice ois3 ois2 os1 os0 h'fff94 tcora2 8 h'fff95 tcora3 8 h'fff96 tcorb2 8 h'fff97 tcorb3 8 h'fff98 tcnt2 8 h'fff99 tcnt3 8 h'fff9a h'fff9b h'fff9c dadr0 8 d/a h'fff9d dadr1 8 converter h'fff9e dacr 8 daoe1 daoe0 dae h'fff9f 8 8-bit timer channels 2 and 3 714 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'fffa0 tpmr 8 g3nov g2nov g1nov g0nov tpc h'fffa1 tpcr 8 g3cms1 g3cms0 g2cms1 g2cms0 g1cms1 g1cms0 g0cms1 g0cms0 h'fffa2 nderb 8 nder15 nder14 nder13 nder12 nder11 nder10 nder9 nder8 h'fffa3 ndera 8 nder7 nder6 nder5 nder4 nder3 nder2 nder1 nder0 h'fffa4 ndrb * 3 8 nder15 nder14 nder13 nder12 nder11 nder10 nder9 nder8 nder15 nder14 nder13 nder12 h'fffa5 ndra * 3 8 nder7 nder6 nder5 nder4 nder3 nder2 nder1 nder0 nder7 nder6 nder5 nder4 h'fffa6 ndrb * 3 8 nder11 nder10 nder9 nder8 h'fffa7 ndra * 3 8 nder3 nder2 nder1 nder0 h'fffa8 h'fffa9 h'fffaa h'fffab h'fffac h'fffad h'fffae h'fffaf h'fffb0 smr 8 c/ a chr pe o/ e stop mp cks1 cks0 sci h'fffb1 brr 8 channel 0 h'fffb2 scr 8 tie rie te re mpie teie cke1 cke0 h'fffb3 tdr 8 h'fffb4 ssr 8 tdre rdrf orer fe r/ e rs per tend mpb mpbt h'fffb5 rdr 8 h'fffb6 scmr 8 sdir sinv smif h'fffb7 reserved area (access prohibited) h'fffb8 smr 8 c/ a chr pe o/ e stop mp cks1 cks0 sci h'fffb9 brr 8 channel 1 h'fffba scr 8 tie rie te re mpie teie cke1 cke0 h'fffbb tdr 8 h'fffbc ssr 8 tdre rdrf orer fe r/ e rs per tend mpb mpbt h'fffbd rdr 8 h'fffbe scmr 8 sdir sinv smif h'fffbf reserved area (access prohibited) 715 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'fffc0 smr 8 c/ a chr pe o/ e stop mp cks1 cks0 sci h'fffc1 brr 8 channel 2 h'fffc2 scr 8 tie rie te re mpie teie cke1 cke0 h'fffc3 tdr 8 h'fffc4 ssr 8 tdre rdrf orer fer/ers per tend mpb mpbt h'fffc5 rdr 8 h'fffc6 scmr 8 sdir sinv smif h'fffc7 reserved area (access prohibited) h'fffc8 h'fffc9 h'fffca h'fffcb h'fffcc h'fffcd h'fffce h'fffcf h'fffd0 p1dr 8 p1 7 p1 6 p1 5 p1 4 p1 3 p1 2 p1 1 p1 0 port1 h'fffd1 p2dr 8 p2 7 p2 6 p2 5 p2 4 p2 3 p2 2 p2 1 p2 0 port2 h'fffd2 p3dr 8 p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 port3 h'fffd3 p4dr 8 p4 7 p4 6 p4 5 p4 4 p4 3 p4 2 p4 1 p4 0 port4 h'fffd4 p5dr 8 ?5 3 p5 2 p5 1 p5 0 port5 h'fffd5 p6dr 8 p6 7 p6 6 p6 5 p6 4 p6 3 p6 2 p6 1 p6 0 port6 h'fffd6 p7dr 8 p7 7 p7 6 p7 5 p7 4 p7 3 p7 2 p7 1 p7 0 port7 h'fffd7 p8dr 8 p8 4 p8 3 p8 2 p8 1 p8 0 port8 h'fffd8 p9dr 8 p9 5 p9 4 p9 3 p9 2 p9 1 p9 0 port9 h'fffd9 padr 8 pa 7 pa 6 pa 5 pa 4 pa 3 pa 2 pa 1 pa 0 porta h'fffda pbdr 8 pb 7 pb 6 pb 5 pb 4 pb 3 pb 2 pb 1 pb 0 portb h'fffdb h'fffdc h'fffdd h'fffde h'fffdf 716 address (low) register name data bus width bit names bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 module name h'fffe0 addrah 8 ad9 ad8 ad7 ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 a/d h'fffe1 addral 8 ad1 ad0 converter h'fffe2 addrbh 8 ad9 ad8 ad7 ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 h'fffe3 addrbl 8 ad1 ad0 h'fffe4 addrch 8 ad9 ad8 ad7 ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 h'fffe5 addrcl 8 ad1 ad0 h'fffe6 addrdh 8 ad9 ad8 ad7 ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 h'fffe7 addrdl 8 ad1 ad0 h'fffe8 adcsr 8 adf adie adst scan cks ch2 ch1 ch0 h'fffe9 adcr 8 trge notes: * 1 the ramcr and flmcr registers are used only in the flash memory and flash memory r versions, and are not provided in the mask rom versions. * 2 for write access to tcsr, tcnt, and rstcsr, see section 12.2.4, notes on register access. * 3 the address depends on the output?rigger setting. legend wdt: watchdog timer tpc: programmable timing pattern controller sci: serial communication interface 717 b.2 addresses (emc = 0) address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ee000 p1ddr 8 p1 7 ddr p1 6 ddr p1 5 ddr p1 4 ddr p1 3 ddr p1 2 ddr p1 1 ddr p1 0 ddr port 1 h'ee001 p2ddr 8 p2 7 ddr p2 6 ddr p2 5 ddr p2 4 ddr p2 3 ddr p2 2 ddr p2 1 ddr p2 0 ddr port 2 h'ee002 p3ddr 8 p3 7 ddr p3 6 ddr p3 5 ddr p3 4 ddr p3 3 ddr p3 2 ddr p3 1 ddr p3 0 ddr port 3 h'ee003 p4ddr 8 p4 7 ddr p4 6 ddr p4 5 ddr p4 4 ddr p4 3 ddr p4 2 ddr p4 1 ddr p4 0 ddr port 4 h'ee004 p5ddr 8 p5 3 ddr p5 2 ddr p5 1 ddr p5 0 ddr port 5 h'ee005 p6ddr 8 p6 6 ddr p6 5 ddr p6 4 ddr p6 3 ddr p6 2 ddr p6 1 ddr p6 0 ddr port 6 h'ee006 h'ee007 p8ddr 8 ?8 4 ddr p8 3 ddr p8 2 ddr p8 1 ddr p8 0 ddr port 8 h'ee008 p9ddr 8 p9 5 ddr p9 4 ddr p9 3 ddr p9 2 ddr p9 1 ddr p9 0 ddr port 9 h'ee009 paddr 8 pa 7 ddr pa 6 ddr pa 5 ddr pa 4 ddr pa 3 ddr pa 2 ddr pa 1 ddr pa 0 ddr port a h'ee00a pbddr 8 pb 7 ddr pb 6 ddr pb 5 ddr pb 4 ddr pb 3 ddr pb 2 ddr pb 1 ddr pb 0 ddr port b h'ee00b h'ee00c h'ee00d h'ee00e h'ee00f h'ee010 h'ee011 mdcr 8 mds2 mds1 mds0 system h'ee012 syscr 8 ssby sts2 sts1 sts0 ue nmieg ssoe rame control h'ee013 brcr 8 a23e a22e a21e a20e brle bus controller h'ee014 iscr 8 irq5sc irq4sc irq3sc irq2sc irq1sc irq0sc interrupt h'ee015 ier 8 irq5e irq4e irq3e irq2e irq1e irq0e controller h'ee016 isr 8 irq5f irq4f irq3f irq2f irq1f irq0f h'ee017 8 h'ee018 ipra 8 ipra7 ipra6 ipra5 ipra4 ipra3 ipra2 ipra1 ipra0 h'ee019 iprb 8 iprb7 iprb6 iprb5 iprb3 iprb2 iprb1 h'ee01a dastcr 8 daste d/a converter h'ee01b divcr 8 div1 div0 system h'ee01c mstcrh 8 pstop mstph2 mstph1 mstph0 control h'ee01d mstcrl 8 mstpl7 mstpl5 mstpl4 mstpl3 mstpl2 mstpl0 h'ee01e adrcr 8 adrctl bus controller h'ee01f cscr 8 cs7e cs6e cs5e cs4e 718 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ee020 abwcr 8 abw7 abw6 abw5 abw4 abw3 abw2 abw1 abw0 bus h'ee021 astcr 8 ast7 ast6 ast5 ast4 ast3 ast2 ast1 ast0 controller h'ee022 wcrh 8 w71 w70 w61 w60 w51 w50 w41 w40 h'ee023 wcrl 8 w31 w30 w21 w20 w11 w10 w01 w00 h'ee024 bcr 8 icis1 icis0 brome brsts1 brsts0 emc rdea waite h'ee025 (flwcr) h'ee026 drcra 8 dras2 dras1 dras0 be rdm srfmd rfshe dram h'ee027 drcrb 8 mxc1 mxc0 csel rcyce tpc rcw rlw interface h'ee028 rtmcsr 8 cmf cmie cks2 cks1 cks0 h'ee029 rtcnt 8 h'ee02a rtcor 8 h'ee02b 8 bus controller h'ee02c dcr0 8 h'ee02d dcr1 8 h'ee02e dcr2 8 h'ee02f dcr3 8 h'ee030 flmcr1 8 fwe swe esu psu ev pv e p flash h'ee031 flmcr2 8 fler memory h'ee032 ebr1 8 eb7 eb6 eb5 eb4 eb3 eb2 eb1 eb0 h'ee033 ebr2 8 eb13 eb12 eb11 eb10 eb9 eb8 h'ee034 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee035 h'ee036 h'ee037 h'ee03c p2pcr 8 p2 7 pcr p2 6 pcr p2 5 pcr p2 4 pcr p2 3 pcr p2 2 pcr p2 7 pcr p2 0 pcr port 2 h'ee03d 8 h'ee03e p4pcr 8 p4 7 pcr p4 6 pcr p4 5 pcr p4 4 pcr p4 3 pcr p4 2 pcr p4 1 pcr p4 0 pcr port 4 h'ee03f p5pcr 8 p5 3 pcr p5 2 pcr p5 1 pcr p5 0 pcr port 5 719 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ee040 h'ee041 h'ee042 h'ee043 h'ee044 h'ee045 h'ee046 h'ee047 h'ee048 h'ee049 h'ee04a h'ee04b h'ee04c h'ee04d h'ee04e h'ee04f h'ee050 h'ee051 h'ee052 h'ee053 h'ee054 h'ee055 h'ee056 h'ee057 h'ee058 h'ee059 h'ee05a h'ee05b h'ee05c h'ee05d h'ee05e h'ee05f 720 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ee060 h'ee061 h'ee062 h'ee063 h'ee064 h'ee065 h'ee066 h'ee067 h'ee068 h'ee069 h'ee06a h'ee06b h'ee06c h'ee06d h'ee06e h'ee06f h'ee070 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee071 h'ee072 h'ee073 h'ee074 h'ee075 h'ee076 h'ee077 ramcr * 1 8 rams ram2 ram1 ram0 flash memory * 1 h'ee078 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee079 h'ee07a h'ee07b h'ee07c h'ee07d h'ee07e h'ee07f 721 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ee090 tcsr * 2 8 ovf wt/ it tme cks2 cks1 cks0 wdt h'ee091 tcnt * 2 8 h'ee092 h'ee093 rstcsr * 2 8 wrst h'ee094 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee095 h'ee096 h'ee097 h'ee098 h'ee099 h'ee09a h'ee09b h'ee09c h'ee09d h'ee09e h'ee09f h'ee0a0 h'ee0a1 h'ee0a2 h'ee0a3 h'ee0a4 h'ee0a5 h'ee0a6 h'ee0a7 h'ee0a8 h'ee0a9 h'ee0aa h'ee0ab h'ee0ac h'ee0ad h'ee0ae h'ee0af 722 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ee0b0 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee0b1 h'ee0b2 h'ee0b3 h'ee0b4 h'ee0b5 h'ee0b6 h'ee0b7 h'ee0b8 h'ee0b9 h'ee0ba h'ee0bb h'ee0bc h'ee0bd h'ee0be h'ee0bf h'ee0c0 h'ee0c1 h'ee0c2 h'ee0c3 h'ee0c4 h'ee0c5 h'ee0c6 h'ee0c7 h'ee0c8 h'ee0c9 h'ee0ca h'ee0cb h'ee0cc h'ee0cd h'ee0ce h'ee0cf 723 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ee0d0 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee0d1 h'ee0d2 h'ee0d3 h'ee0d4 h'ee0d5 h'ee0d6 h'ee0d7 h'ee0d8 h'ee0d9 h'ee0da h'ee0db h'ee0dc h'ee0dd h'ee0de h'ee0df h'ee0e0 h'ee0e1 h'ee0e2 h'ee0e3 h'ee0e4 h'ee0e5 h'ee0e6 h'ee0e7 h'ee0e8 h'ee0e9 h'ee0ea h'ee0eb h'ee0ec h'ee0ed h'ee0ee h'ee0ef 724 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ee0f0 reserved area (access prohibited) h'ee0f1 h'ee0f2 h'ee0f3 h'ee0f4 h'ee0f5 h'ee0f6 h'ee0f7 h'ee0f8 h'ee0f9 h'ee0fa h'ee0fb h'ee0fc h'ee0fd h'ee0fe h'ee0ff h'ffe00 h'ffe01 h'ffe02 h'ffe03 h'ffe04 h'ffe05 h'ffe06 h'ffe07 h'ffe08 h'ffe09 h'ffe0a h'ffe0b h'ffe0c h'ffe0d h'ffe0e h'ffe0f 725 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffe10 h'ffe11 h'ffe12 h'ffe13 h'ffe14 h'ffe15 h'ffe16 h'ffe17 h'ffe18 h'ffe19 h'ffe1a h'ffe1b h'ffe1c h'ffe1d h'ffe1e h'ffe1f h'ffe20 h'ffe21 h'ffe22 h'ffe23 h'ffe24 h'ffe25 h'ffe26 h'ffe27 h'ffe28 h'ffe29 h'ffe2a h'ffe2b h'ffe2c h'ffe2d h'ffe2e h'ffe2f 726 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffe30 h'ffe31 h'ffe32 h'ffe33 h'ffe34 h'ffe35 h'ffe36 h'ffe37 h'ffe38 h'ffe39 h'ffe3a h'ffe3b h'ffe3c h'ffe3d h'ffe3e h'ffe3f h'ffe40 h'ffe41 h'ffe42 h'ffe43 h'ffe44 h'ffe45 h'ffe46 h'ffe47 h'ffe48 h'ffe49 h'ffe4a h'ffe4b h'ffe4c h'ffe4d h'ffe4e h'ffe4f 727 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffe50 h'ffe51 h'ffe52 h'ffe53 h'ffe54 h'ffe55 h'ffe56 h'ffe57 h'ffe58 h'ffe59 h'ffe5a h'ffe5b h'ffe5c h'ffe5d h'ffe5e h'ffe5f h'ffe60 h'ffe61 h'ffe62 h'ffe63 h'ffe64 h'ffe65 h'ffe66 h'ffe67 h'ffe68 h'ffe69 h'ffe6a h'ffe6b h'ffe6c h'ffe6d h'ffe6e h'ffe6f 728 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffe70 h'ffe71 h'ffe72 h'ffe73 h'ffe74 h'ffe75 h'ffe76 h'ffe77 h'ffe78 h'ffe79 h'ffe7a h'ffe7b h'ffe7c h'ffe7d h'ffe7e h'ffe7f h'ffe80 mar0ar 8 dmac h'ffe81 mar0ae 8 channel 0a h'ffe82 mar0ah 8 h'ffe83 mar0al 8 h'ffe84 etcr0ah 8 h'ffe85 etcr0al 8 h'ffe86 ioar0a 8 h'ffe87 dtcr0a 8 dte dtsz dtid rpe dtie dts2 dts1 dts0 short address mode dte dtsz said saide dtie dts2a dts1a dts0a full address mode h'ffe88 mar0br 8 dmac h'ffe89 mar0be 8 channel 0b h'ffe8a mar0bh 8 h'ffe8b mar0bl 8 h'ffe8c etcr0bh 8 h'ffe8d etcr0bl 8 h'ffe8e ioar0b 8 h'ffe8f dtcr0b 8 dte dtsz dtid rpe dtie dts2 dts1 dts0 short address mode dtme daid daide tms dts2b dts1b dts0b full address mode 729 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffe90 mar1ar 8 dmac h'ffe91 mar1ae 8 channel 1a h'ffe92 mar1ah 8 h'ffe93 mar1al 8 h'ffe94 etcr1ah 8 h'ffe95 etcr1al 8 h'ffe96 ioar1a 8 h'ffe97 dtcr1a 8 dte dtsz dtid rpe dtie dts2 dts1 dts0 short address mode dte dtsz said saide dtie dts2a dts1a dts0a full address mode h'ffe98 mar1br 8 dmac h'ffe99 mar1be 8 channel 1b h'ffe9a mar1bh 8 h'ffe9b mar1bl 8 h'ffe9c etcr1bh 8 h'ffe9d etcr1bl 8 h'ffe9e ioar1b 8 h'ffe9f dtcr1b 8 dte dtsz dtid rpe dtie dts2 dts1 dts0 short address mode dtme daid daide tms dts2b dts1b dts0b full address mode h'ffea0 tstr 8 str2 str1 str0 16-bit timer, h'ffea1 tsnc 8 sync2 sync1 sync0 (all channels) h'ffea2 tmdr 8 mdf fdir pwm2 pwm1 pwm0 h'ffea3 tolr 8 tob2 toa2 tob1 toa1 tob0 toa0 h'ffea4 tisra 8 imiea2 imiea1 imiea0 imfa2 imfa1 imfa0 h'ffea5 tisrb 8 imieb2 imieb1 imieb0 imfb2 imfb1 imfb0 h'ffea6 tisrc 8 ovie2 ovie1 ovie0 ovf2 ovf1 ovf0 h'ffea7 h'ffea8 16tcr0 8 cclr1 cclr0 ckeg1 ckeg0 tpsc2 tpsc1 tpsc0 16-bit timer h'ffea9 tior0 8 iob2 iob1 iob0 ioa2 ioa1 ioa0 channel 0 h'ffeaa 16tcnt0h 16 h'ffeab 16tcnt0l h'ffeac gra0h 16 h'ffead gra0l h'ffeae grb0h 16 h'ffeaf grb0l 730 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffeb0 16tcr1 8 cclr1 cclr0 ckeg1 ckeg0 tpsc2 tpsc1 tpsc0 16-bit timer h'ffeb1 tior1 8 iob2 iob1 iob0 ioa2 ioa1 ioa0 channel 1 h'ffeb2 16tcnt1h 16 h'ffeb3 16tcnt1l h'ffeb4 gra1h 16 h'ffeb5 gra1l h'ffeb6 grb1h 16 h'ffeb7 grb1l h'ffeb8 16tcr2 8 cclr1 cclr0 ckeg1 ckeg0 tpsc2 tpsc1 tpsc0 16-bit timer h'ffeb9 tior2 8 iob2 iob1 iob0 ioa2 ioa1 ioa0 channel 2 h'ffeba 16tcnt2h 16 h'ffebb 16tcnt2l h'ffebc gra2h 16 h'ffebd gra2l h'ffebe grb2h 16 h'ffebf grb2l h'ffec0 8tcr0 8 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 8-bit timer channels 0 h'ffec1 8tcr1 8 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 and 1 h'ffec2 8tcsr0 8 cmfb cmfa ovf adte ois3 ois2 os1 os0 h'ffec3 8tcsr1 8 cmfb cmfa ovf ice ois3 ois2 os1 os0 h'ffec4 tcora0 8 h'ffec5 tcora1 8 h'ffec6 tcorb0 8 h'ffec7 tcorb1 8 h'ffec8 8tcnt0 8 h'ffec9 8tcnt1 8 h'ffeca reserved area (access prohibited) h'ffecb h'ffecc h'ffecd h'ffece h'ffecf 731 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffed0 8tcr2 8 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 8-bit timer channels 2 h'ffed1 8tcr3 8 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 and 3 h'ffed2 8tcsr2 8 cmfb cmfa ovf ois3 ois2 os1 os0 h'ffed3 8tcsr3 8 cmfb cmfa ovf ice ois3 ois2 os1 os0 h'ffed4 tcora2 8 h'ffed5 tcora3 8 h'ffed6 tcorb2 8 h'ffed7 tcorb3 8 h'ffed8 8tcnt2 8 h'ffed9 8tcnt3 8 h'ffeda reserved area (access prohibited) h'ffedb h'ffedc h'ffedd h'ffede h'ffedf h'ffee0 smr 8 c/ a chr pe o/ e stop mp cks1 cks0 sci h'ffee1 brr 8 channel 0 h'ffee2 scr 8 tie rie te re mpie teie cke1 cke0 h'ffee3 tdr 8 h'ffee4 ssr 8 tdre rdrf orer fe r/ e rs per tend mpb mpbt h'ffee5 rdr 8 h'ffee6 scmr 8 sdir sinv smif h'ffee7 h'ffee8 smr 8 c/ a chr pe o/ e stop mp cks1 cks0 sci h'ffee9 brr 8 channel 1 h'ffeea scr 8 tie rie te re mpie teie cke1 cke0 h'ffeeb tdr 8 h'ffeec ssr 8 tdre rdrf orer fe r/ e rs per tend mpb mpbt h'ffeed rdr 8 h'ffeee scmr 8 sdir sinv smif h'ffeef 732 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffef0 smr 8 c/ a chr pe o/ e stop mp cks1 cks0 sci h'ffef1 brr 8 channel 2 h'ffef2 scr 8 tie rie te re mpie teie cke1 cke0 h'ffef3 tdr 8 h'ffef4 ssr 8 tdre rdrf orer fer/ ers per tend mpb mpbt h'ffef5 rdr 8 h'ffef6 scmr 8 sdir sinv smif h'ffef7 h'ffef8 tpmr 8 g3nov g2nov g1nov g0nov h'ffef9 tpcr 8 g3cms1 g3cms0 g2cms1 g2cms0 g1cms1 g1cms0 g0cms1 g0cms0 h'ffefa nderb 8 nder15 nder14 nder13 nder12 nder11 nder10 nder9 nder8 h'ffefb ndera 8 nder7 nder6 nder5 nder4 nder3 nder2 nder1 nder0 h'ffefc ndrb * 3 8 ndr15 ndr14 ndr13 ndr12 ndr11 ndr10 ndr9 ndr8 ndr15 ndr14 ndr13 ndr12 h'ffefd ndra * 3 8 ndr7 ndr6 ndr5 ndr4 ndr3 ndr2 ndr1 ndr0 ndr7 ndr6 ndr5 ndr4 h'ffefe ndrb * 3 8 ndr11 ndr10 ndr9 ndr8 h'ffeff ndra * 3 8 ndr3 ndr2 ndr1 ndr0 h'fffe0 addrah 8 ad9 ad8 ad7 ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 a/d h'fffe1 addral 8 ad1 ad0 converter h'fffe2 addrbh 8 ad9 ad8 ad7 ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 h'fffe3 addrbl 8 ad1 ad0 h'fffe4 addrch 8 ad9 ad8 ad7 ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 h'fffe5 addrcl 8 ad1 ad0 h'fffe6 addrdh 8 ad9 ad8 ad7 ad6 ad5 ad4 ad3 ad2 h'fffe7 addrdl 8 ad1 ad0 h'fffe8 adcsr 8 adf adie adst scan cks ch2 ch1 ch0 h'fffe9 adcr 8 trge h'fffea reserved area (access prohibited) h'fffeb h'fffec dadr0 8 d/a h'fffed dadr1 8 converter h'fffee dacr 8 h'fffef 8 733 address register data bus bit names module (low) name width bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffff0 p1dr 8 p1 7 p1 6 p1 5 p1 4 p1 3 p1 2 p1 1 p1 0 port1 h'ffff1 p2dr 8 p2 7 p2 6 p2 5 p2 4 p2 3 p2 2 p2 1 p2 0 port2 h'ffff2 p3dr 8 p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 port3 h'ffff3 p4dr 8 p4 7 p4 6 p4 5 p4 4 p4 3 p4 2 p4 1 p4 0 port4 h'ffff4 p5dr 8 p5 3 p5 2 p5 1 p5 0 port5 h'ffff5 p6dr 8 p6 7 p6 6 p6 5 p6 4 p6 3 p6 2 p6 1 p6 0 port6 h'ffff6 p7dr 8 p7 7 p7 6 p7 5 p7 4 p7 3 p7 2 p7 1 p7 0 port7 h'ffff7 p8dr 8 ?8 4 p8 3 p8 2 p8 1 p8 0 port8 h'ffff8 p9dr 8 p9 5 p9 4 p9 3 p9 2 p9 1 p9 0 port9 h'ffff9 padr 8 pa 7 pa 6 pa 5 pa 4 pa 3 pa 2 pa 1 pa 0 porta h'ffffa pbdr 8 pb 7 pb 6 pb 5 pb 4 pb 3 pb 2 pb 1 pb 0 portb h'ffffb h'ffffc h'ffffd h'ffffe h'fffff notes: * 1 the ramcr and flmcr registers are used only in the flash memory and flash memory r versions, and are not provided in the mask rom versions. * 2 for write access to tcsr, tcnt, and rstcsr, see section 12.2.4, notes on register access. * 3 the address depends on the output?rigger setting. legend wdt: watchdog timer tpc: programmable timing pattern controller sci: serial communication interface 734 b.3 functions bit initial value r/w: 0 r/w 7 iciae 0 r/w 6 icibe 0 r/w 5 icice 0 r/w 4 ocide 0 r/w 3 ociae 1 r/w 2 ocibe 1 r/w 1 ovie 1 0 timer overflow interrupt enable 0 1 interrupt requested by ovf flag is disabled interrupt requested by ovf flag is enabled output compare interrupt b enable 0 1 interrupt requested by ocfb flag is disabled interrupt requested by ocfb flag is enabled output compare interrupt a enable 0 1 interrupt requested by ocfa flag is disabled interrupt requested by ocfa flag is enabled input capture interrupt d enable 0 1 interrupt requested by icfd flag is disabled interrupt requested by icfd flag is enabled tier?imer interrupt enable register h' 90 frt register abbreviation register name address to which register is mapped * name of on-chip supporting module names of the bits. dashes (? indicate reserved bits. full name of bit descriptions of bit settings bit numbers initial bit values possible types of access r w r/w read only write only read and write note: * when the emc bit in bcr is cleared to 0, addresses of some registers are changed. 735 p1ddr?ort 1 data direction register h'ee000 port 1 bit initial value read/write 0 w 7 p1 7 ddr 0 w 6 p1 6 ddr 0 w 5 p1 5 ddr 0 w 4 p1 4 ddr 0 w 3 p1 3 ddr 0 w 2 p1 2 ddr 0 w 1 p1 1 ddr 0 w 0 p1 0 ddr port 1 input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output initial value read/write 11111111 modes 1 to 4 modes 5 to 7 p2ddr?ort 2 data direction register h'ee001 port 2 bit initial value read/write 0 w 7 p2 7 ddr 0 w 6 p2 6 ddr 0 w 5 p2 5 ddr 0 w 4 p2 4 ddr 0 w 3 p2 3 ddr 0 w 2 p2 2 ddr 0 w 1 p2 1 ddr 0 w 0 p2 0 ddr port 2 input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output initial value read/write 11111111 modes 1 to 4 modes 5 to 7 736 p3ddr?ort 3 data direction register h'ee002 port 3 bit initial value read/write 0 w 7 p3 7 ddr 0 w 6 p3 6 ddr 0 w 5 p3 5 ddr 0 w 4 p3 4 ddr 0 w 3 p3 3 ddr 0 w 2 p3 2 ddr 0 w 1 p3 1 ddr 0 w 0 p3 0 ddr port 3 input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output p4ddr?ort 4 data direction register h'ee003 port 4 bit initial value read/write 0 w 7 p4 7 ddr 0 w 6 p4 6 ddr 0 w 5 p4 5 ddr 0 w 4 p4 4 ddr 0 w 3 p4 3 ddr 0 w 2 p4 2 ddr 0 w 1 p4 1 ddr 0 w 0 p4 0 ddr port 4 input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output 737 p5ddr?ort 5 data direction register h'ee004 port 5 bit initial value read/write 7654 0 w 3 p5 3 ddr 0 w 2 p5 2 ddr 0 w 1 p5 1 ddr 0 w 0 p5 0 ddr port 5 input/output select 0 1 generic input pin generic output pin initial value read/write 11111111 modes 1 to 4 modes 5 to 7 1111 p6ddr?ort 6 data direction register h'ee005 port 6 bit 76 p6 6 ddr 5 p6 5 ddr 4 p6 4 ddr 3 p6 3 ddr 2 p6 2 ddr 1 p6 1 ddr 0 p6 0 ddr initial value read/write 10 w 0 w 0 w 0 w 0 w 0 w 0 w port 6 input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output 738 p8ddr?ort 8 data direction register h'ee007 port 8 bit initial value read/write 7654 p8 4 ddr 0 w 3 p8 3 ddr 0 w 2 p8 2 ddr 0 w 1 p8 1 ddr 0 w 0 p8 0 ddr port 8 input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output initial value read/write 111 0 w 0 w 0 w 0 w modes 1 to 4 modes 5 to 7 111 0 w 1 w 739 p9ddr?ort 9 data direction register h'ee008 port 9 bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 0 w 5 p9 5 ddr 0 w 4 p9 4 ddr 0 w 3 p9 3 ddr 0 w 2 p9 2 ddr 0 w 1 p9 1 ddr 0 w 0 p9 0 ddr port 9 input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output 1 paddr?ort a data direction register h'ee009 port a bit initial value read/write 7 pa 7 ddr 6 pa 6 ddr 5 pa 5 ddr 4 pa 4 ddr 0 w 3 pa 3 ddr 0 w 2 pa 2 ddr 0 w 1 pa 1 ddr 0 w 0 pa 0 ddr initial value read/write 10 w 0 w 0 w 0 w modes 3, 4 modes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 0 w 0 w port a input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output 0 w 0 w 0 w 0 w 0 w pbddr?ort b data direction register h'ee00a port b bit initial value read/write 7 pb 7 ddr 0 w 6 pb 6 ddr 0 w 5 pb 5 ddr 0 w 4 pb 4 ddr 0 w 3 pb 3 ddr 0 w 2 pb 2 ddr 0 w 1 pb 1 ddr 0 w 0 pb 0 ddr port b input/output select 0 1 generic input generic output 0 w 740 mdcr?ode control register h'ee011 system control bit initial value read/write 1 7 1 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 r 2 mds2 r 1 mds1 r 0 mds0 mode select 2 to 0 0 1 0 1 operating mode * * * bit 2 md 2 bit 1 md 1 bit 0 md 0 0 1 0 1 mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 6 mode 7 0 1 0 1 0 1 note: * determined by the state of the mode pins (md 2 to md 0 ). 741 syscr?ystem control register h'ee012 system control bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 ssby 0 r/w 6 sts2 0 r/w 5 sts1 0 r/w 4 sts0 1 r/w 3 ue 0 r/w 2 nmieg 0 r/w 1 ssoe 1 r/w 0 rame nmi edge select 0 1 an interrupt is requested at the falling edge of nmi an interrupt is requested at the rising edge of nmi ram enable 0 1 on-chip ram is disabled on-chip ram is enabled user bit enable 0 1 ccr bit 6 (ui) is used as an interrupt mask bit ccr bit 6 (ui) is used as a user bit standby timer select 2 to 0 bit 6 sts2 waiting time = 8,192 states waiting time = 16,384 states waiting time = 32,768 states waiting time = 65,536 states waiting time = 131,072 states waiting time = 26,2144 states waiting time = 1,024 states illegal setting bit 5 sts1 bit 4 sts0 standby timer 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 software standby 0 1 sleep instruction causes transition to sleep mode sleep instruction causes transition to software standby mode software standby output port enable 0 1 in software standby mode, all address bus and bus control signals are high- impedance in software standby mode, address bus retains output state and bus control signals are fixed high 742 brcr?us release control register h'ee013 bus controller bit 7 a23e 6 a22e 5 a21e 4 a20e 3210 brle initial value read/write 11111110 r/w modes 1, 2, 6, 7 initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1110 r/w address 23 to 20 enable 0 1 address output other input/output mode 5 bus release enable 0 1 the bus cannot be released to an external device the bus can be released to an external device initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 011 10 r/w modes 3, 4 iscr?rq sense control register h'ee014 interrupt controller bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 irq5sc 0 r/w 4 irq4sc 0 r/w 3 irq3sc 0 r/w 2 irq2sc 0 r/w 1 irq1sc 0 r/w 0 irq0sc irq 5 to irq 0 sense control 0 1 interrupts are requested when irq 5 to irq 0 are low interrupts are requested by falling-edge input at irq 5 to irq 0 743 ier?rq enable register h'ee015 interrupt controller bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 irq5e 0 r/w 4 irq4e 0 r/w 3 irq3e 0 r/w 2 irq2e 0 r/w 1 irq1e 0 r/w 0 irq0e irq 5 to irq 0 enable 0 1 irq 5 to irq 0 interrupts are disabled irq 5 to irq 0 interrupts are enabled isr?rq status register h'ee016 interrupt controller bit initial value read/write 0 7 0 6 0 r/(w) * 5 irq5f 0 r/(w) * 4 irq4f 0 r/(w) * 3 irq3f 0 r/(w) * 2 irq2f 0 r/(w) * 1 irq1f 0 r/(w) * 0 irq0f irq5 to irq0 flags 0 note: * onl y 0 can be written, to clear the fla g . bits 5 to 0 irq5f to irq0f setting and clearing conditions 1 (n = 5 to 0) [clearing conditions] read irqnf when irqnf = 1, then write 0 in irqnf. irqnsc = 0, irqn input is high, and interrupt exception handling is being carried out. irqnsc = 1 and irqn interrupt exception handling is being carried out. [setting conditions] irqnsc = 0 and irqn input is low. irqnsc = 1 and irqn input changes from high to low. 744 ipra?nterrupt priority register a h'ee018 interrupt controller bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 ipra7 0 r/w 6 ipra6 0 r/w 5 ipra5 0 r/w 4 ipra4 0 r/w 3 ipra3 0 r/w 2 ipra2 0 r/w 1 ipra1 0 r/w 0 ipra0 priority level a7 to a0 0 1 priority level 0 (low priority) priority level 1 (high priority) ?interrupt sources controlled by each bit ipra bit interrupt source bit 7 ipra7 irq 0 bit 6 ipra6 irq 1 bit 5 ipra5 irq 2 , irq 3 bit 4 ipra4 irq 4 , irq 5 bit 3 ipra3 bit 2 ipra2 bit 1 ipra1 bit 0 ipra0 wdt, dram interface, a/d converter 16-bit timer channel 0 16-bit timer channel 1 16-bit timer channel 2 iprb?nterrupt priority register b h'ee019 interrupt controller bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 iprb7 0 r/w 6 iprb6 0 r/w 5 iprb5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 iprb3 0 r/w 2 iprb2 0 r/w 1 iprb1 0 r/w 0 priority level b7 to b5, b3 to b1 0 1 priority level 0 (low priority) priority level 1 (high priority) bit 7 iprb7 bit 6 iprb6 bit 5 iprb5 bit 4 bit 3 iprb3 bit 2 iprb2 bit 1 iprb1 bit 0 8-bit timer channels 0 and 1 8-bit timer channels 2 and 3 dmac sci channel 0 sci channel 1 sci channel 2 ?interrupt sources controlled by each bit iprb bit interrupt source 745 dastcr?/a standby control register h'ee01a d/a bit initial value read/write 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 0 r/w 0 daste d/a standby enable 0 1 d/a output is disabled in software standby mode d/a output is enabled in software standby mode (initial value) 746 divcr?ivision control register h'ee01b system control bit initial value read/write 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 0 r/w 1 div1 0 r/w 0 div0 divide 1 and 0 frequency division ratio bit 1 div1 bit 0 div0 1/1 1/2 1/4 1/8 0 1 0 1 0 1 (initial value) 747 mstcrh?odule standby control register h h'ee01c system control 765 4 321 0 pstop mstph2 mstph1 mstph0 r/w r/w r/w r/w 011 1 100 0 module standby h2 to h0 selection bits for placing modules in standby state. bit initial value read/write reserved bits f clock stop enables or disables ?clock output. mstcrl?odule standby control register l h'ee01d system control 765 4 321 0 mstpl7 mstpl2 mstpl3 mstpl4 mstpl5 mstpl0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 000 0 000 0 module standby l7, l5 to l2, l0 selection bits for placing modules in standby state. reserved bits bit initial value read/write 748 adrcr?ddress control register h'ee01e bus controller 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 adrctl 1 r/w 2 1 1 1 reserved bits address control selects address update mode 1 or address update mode 2. description adrctl address update mode 2 is selected address update mode 1 is selected (initial value) 0 1 note: * this register is used only in the flash memory r version and mask rom version. cscr?hip select control register h'ee01f bus controller bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 cs7e (n = 7 to 4) 0 r/w 6 cs6e 0 r/w 5 cs5e 0 r/w 4 cs4e 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 chip select 7 to 4 enable description bit n csne output of chip select signal csn is disabled (initial value) output of chip select signal csn is enabled 0 1 749 abwcr?us width control register h'ee020 bus controller bit initial value initial value read/write 1 0 r/w 7 abw7 1 0 r/w 6 abw6 1 0 r/w 5 abw5 1 0 r/w 4 abw4 1 0 r/w 3 abw3 1 0 r/w 2 abw2 1 0 r/w 1 abw1 1 0 r/w 0 abw0 area 7 to 0 bus width control bus width of access area bits 7 to 0 abw7 to abw0 areas 7 to 0 are 16-bit access areas areas 7 to 0 are 8-bit access areas 0 1 modes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 modes 2, 4 astcr?ccess state control register h'ee021 bus controller bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 7 ast7 1 r/w 6 ast6 1 r/w 5 ast5 1 r/w 4 ast4 1 r/w 3 ast3 1 r/w 2 ast2 1 r/w 1 ast1 1 r/w 0 ast0 area 7 to 0 access state control number of states in access area bits 7 to 0 ast7 to ast0 areas 7 to 0 are two-state access areas areas 7 to 0 are three-state access areas 0 1 750 wcrh?ait control register h h'ee022 bus controller 1 r/w 7 w71 1 r/w 6 w70 1 r/w 5 w61 1 r/w 4 w60 1 r/w 3 w51 1 r/w 2 w50 1 r/w 1 w41 1 r/w 0 w40 0 area 4 wait control 1 and 0 0 1 0 1 no program wait is inserted 1 program wait state is inserted 2 program wait states are inserted 3 program wait states are inserted 1 0 area 5 wait control 1 and 0 0 1 0 1 no program wait is inserted 1 program wait state is inserted 2 program wait states are inserted 3 program wait states are inserted 1 0 area 6 wait control 1 and 0 0 1 0 1 no program wait is inserted 1 program wait state is inserted 2 program wait states are inserted 3 program wait states are inserted 1 0 area 7 wait control 1 and 0 0 1 0 1 no program wait is inserted 1 program wait state is inserted 2 program wait states are inserted 3 program wait states are inserted 1 bit initial value read/write 751 wcrl?ait control register l h'ee023 bus controller bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 7 w31 1 r/w 6 w30 1 r/w 5 w21 1 r/w 4 w20 1 r/w 3 w11 1 r/w 2 w10 1 r/w 1 w01 1 r/w 0 w00 area 0 wait control 1 and 0 0 0 1 0 1 no program wait is inserted 1 program wait state is inserted 2 program wait states are inserted 3 program wait states are inserted 1 area 1 wait control 1 and 0 0 0 1 0 1 no program wait is inserted 1 program wait state is inserted 2 program wait states are inserted 3 program wait states are inserted 1 area 2 wait control 1 and 0 0 0 1 0 1 no program wait is inserted 1 program wait state is inserted 2 program wait states are inserted 3 program wait states are inserted 1 area 3 wait control 1 and 0 0 0 1 0 1 no program wait is inserted 1 program wait state is inserted 2 program wait states are inserted 3 program wait states are inserted 1 752 bcr?us control register h'ee024 bus controller bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 7 icis1 1 r/w 6 icis0 0 r/w 5 brome 0 r/w 4 brsts1 0 r/w 3 brsts0 1 2 1 r/w 1 rdea 0 r/w 0 waite 0 1 wait pin wait input is disabled wait pin wait input is enabled burst cycle select 1 0 1 burst access cycle comprises 2 states burst access cycle comprises 3 states burst rom enable 0 1 area 0 is a basic bus interface area area 0 is a burst rom interface area idle cycle insertion 0 0 1 no idle cycle is inserted in case of consecutive external read and write cycles idle cycle is inserted in case of consecutive external read and write cycles idle cycle insertion 1 0 1 no idle cycle is inserted in case of consecutive external read cycles for different areas idle cycle is inserted in case of consecutive external read cycles for different areas burst cycle select 0 0 1 max. 4 words in burst access max. 8 words in burst access area division unit select 0 1 area divisions are as follows: areas 0 to 7 are the same size (2 mb) wait pin enable area 0: 2 mb area 4: 1.93 mb area 1: 2 mb area 5: 4 kb area 2: 8 mb area 6: 23.75 kb area 3: 2 mb area 7: 22 b 753 drcra?ram control register a h'ee026 dram interface 7 dras2 0 r/w 6 dras1 0 r/w 5 dras0 0 r/w 4 1 3 be 0 r/w 2 rdm 0 r/w 1 srfmd 0 r/w 0 rfshe 0 r/w bit initial value read/write refresh pin enable 0 1 self-refresh mode 0 1 ras down mode 0 1 burst access enable 0 1 rfsh pin refresh signal output is disabled rfsh pin refresh signal output is enabled dram self-refreshing is disabled in software standby mode dram self-refreshing is enabled in software standby mode dram interface: ras up mode selected dram interface: ras down mode selected burst disabled (always full access) dram space access performed in fast page mode dram area select 00 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 dras2 dras1 dras0 area 5 normal normal normal normal normal dram space ( cs 5 ) area 4 normal normal normal normal dram space ( cs 4 ) dram space ( cs 4 ) area 3 normal normal dram space ( cs 3 ) dram space ( cs 3) dram space ( cs 3 ) area 2 normal dram space ( cs 2 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) dram space ( cs 2 ) dram space( cs 2 ) * dram space( cs 4 ) * dram space( cs 2 ) * dram space( cs 2 ) * note: * a single csn pin serves as a common ras output pin for a number of areas. unused csn pins can be used as input/output ports. 754 drcrb?ram control register b h'ee027 dram interface 7 mxc1 0 r/w 6 mxc0 0 r/w 5 csel 0 r/w 4 rcyce 0 r/w 3 1 2 tpc 0 r/w 1 rcw 0 r/w 0 rlw 0 r/w bit initial value read/write refresh cycle wait control 0 1 ras - cas wait tp cycle control 0 1 refresh cycle enable 0 1 wait state (t rw ) insertion is disabled 1 wait state (t rw ) is inserted 1-state precharge cycle is inserted 2-state precharge cycle is inserted refresh cycles are disabled dram refresh cycles are enabled multiplex control 1 and 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 mxc1 mxc0 wait state (t rw ) insertion is disabled 1 wait state (t rw ) is inserted 0 1 cas output pin select 0 1 pb4 and pb5 selected as ucas and lcas output pins hwr and lwr selected as ucas and lcas output pins column address: 8 bits compared address: modes 1, 2 8-bit access space a 19 to a 8 16-bit access space a 19 to a 9 modes 3, 4, 5 8-bit access space a 23 to a 8 16-bit access space a 23 to a 9 column address: 9 bits compared address: modes 1, 2 8-bit access space a 19 to a 9 16-bit access space a 19 to a 10 modes 3, 4, 5 8-bit access space a 23 to a 9 16-bit access space a 23 to a 10 column address: 10 bits compared address: modes 1, 2 8-bit access space a 19 to a 10 16-bit access space a 19 to a 11 modes 3, 4, 5 8-bit access space a 23 to a 10 16-bit access space a 23 to a 11 illegal setting description 755 rtmcsr?efresh timer control/status register h'ee028 dram interface 7 cmf 0 r/( w) * 6 cmie 0 r/w 5 cks2 0 4 cks1 0 3 cks0 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w refresh counter clock select 00 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 cks2 cks1 cks0 count operation halted f /2 used as counter clock f /8 used as counter clock f /32 used as counter clock f /128 used as counter clock f /512 used as counter clock f /2048 used as counter clock f /4096 used as counter clock compare match interrupt enable 0 1 the cmi interrupt requested by the cmf flag is disabled the cmi interrupt requested by the cmf flag is enabled compare match flag 0 1 [clearing conditions] ?cleared by a reset and in standby mode ?cleared by reading cmf when cmf = 1, then writing 0 in cmf [setting condition] when rtcnt = rtcor description note: * onl y 0 can be written to clear the fla g . 756 rtcnt?efresh timer counter h'ee029 dram interface 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 0 r/w bit initial value read/write incremented by internal clock selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in rtmcsr rtcor?efresh time constant register h'ee02a dram interface 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 1 r/w bit initial value read/write rtcnt compare match period note: only byte access can be used on this register. 757 flmcr1?lash memory control register 1 h'ee030 flash memory bit initial value read/write 1/0 r 7 fwe 0 r/w 6 swe 0 r/w 5 esu 0 r/w 4 psu 0 r/w 3 ev 0 r/w 2 pv 0 r/w 1 e 0 r/w initial value read/write modes 5 and 7 modes 1 to 4, and 6 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 p 0 1 program mode cleared (initial value) transition to program mode [setting condition] when fwe = 1, swe = 1, and psu = 1 program mode 0 1 erase mode cleared (initial value) transition to erase mode [setting condition] when fwe = 1, swe = 1, and esu = 1 erase mode 0 1 program-verify mode cleared (initial value) transition to program-verify mode [setting condition] when fwe = 1 and swe = 1 program-verify mode 0 1 erase-verify mode cleared (initial value) transition to erase-verify mode [setting condition] when fwe = 1 and swe = 1 erase-verify mode 0 1 program setup cleared (initial value) program setup [setting condition] when fwe = 1 and swe = 1 program setup 0 1 erase setup cleared (initial value) erase setup [setting condition] when fwe = 1 and swe = 1 erase setup bit 0 1 write/erase disabled (initial value) write/erase enabled [setting condition] when fwe = 1 software write enable bit 0 1 when a low level is input to the fwe pin (hardware protection state) when a high level is input to the fwe pin flash write enable bit note: this register is used only in the flash memory and flash memory r versions. reading the corresponding address in a mask rom version will always return 1s, and writes to this address are disabled. fix the fwe pin low in mode 6. 758 flmcr (flmcr2)?lash memory control register 2 h'ee031 flash memory bit initial value read/write 0 r 7 fler 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 flash memory error reserved bits note: writes to flmcr2 are prohibited. 759 ebr (ebr1)?rase block register h'ee032 flash memory bit 7 eb7 6 eb6 5 eb5 4 eb4 3 eb3 2 eb2 1 eb1 0 eb0 0 1 block eb7 to eb0 is not selected (initial value) block eb7 to eb0 is selected block 7 to 0 note: when not erasing, clear ebr to h'00. writes are invalid. a value of 1 cannot be set in this register in mode 6. initial value read/write 0 r 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w initial value read/write modes 5 and 7 modes 1 to 4, and 6 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 760 ebr (ebr2)?rase block register 2 h'ee033 flash memory bit 7 6 5 eb13 4 eb12 3 eb11 2 eb10 1 eb9 0 eb8 0 1 block eb13 to eb8 is not selected (initial value) block eb13 to eb8 is selected block 13 to 8 note: when not erasing, clear ebr to h'00. a value of 1 cannot be set in this register in mode 6. initial value read/write 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w initial value read/write modes 5 and 7 modes 1 to 4, and 6 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 r 761 p2pcr?ort 2 input pull-up control register h'ee03c port 2 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 p2 7 pcr 0 r/w 6 p2 6 pcr 0 r/w 5 p2 5 pcr 0 r/w 4 p2 4 pcr 0 r/w 3 p2 3 pcr 0 r/w 2 p2 2 pcr 0 r/w 1 p2 1 pcr 0 r/w 0 p2 0 pcr port 2 input pull-up control 7 to 0 0 1 input pull-up transistor is off input pull-up transistor is on note: valid when the corresponding p2ddr bit is cleared to 0 ( desi g natin g g eneric input ) . 762 p4pcr?ort 4 input pull-up control register h'ee03e port 4 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 p4 7 pcr 0 r/w 6 p4 6 pcr 0 r/w 5 p4 5 pcr 0 r/w 4 p4 4 pcr 0 r/w 3 p4 3 pcr 0 r/w 2 p4 2 pcr 0 r/w 1 p4 1 pcr 0 r/w 0 p4 0 pcr port 4 input pull-up control 7 to 0 0 1 input pull-up transistor is off input pull-up transistor is on note: valid when the corresponding p4ddr bit is cleared to 0 (designating generic input). p5pcr?ort 5 input pull-up control register h'ee03f port 5 bit initial value read/write 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 0 r/w 3 p5 3 pcr 0 r/w 2 p5 2 pcr 0 r/w 1 p5 1 pcr 0 r/w 0 p5 0 pcr port 5 input pull-up control 3 to 0 0 1 input pull-up transistor is off input pull-up transistor is on note: valid when the corresponding p5ddr bit is cleared to 0 (designating generic input). 763 ram control register ramcr h'ee077 flash memory bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 rams ram2 ram1 ram0 ram area 0/1 0 1 0 1 0/1 0 1 0 1 0/1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ram emulation status h'ffe000 to h'ffefff h'000000 to h'000fff h'001000 to h'001fff h'002000 to h'002fff h'003000 to h'003fff h'004000 to h'004fff h'005000 to h'005fff h'006000 to h'006fff h'007000 to h'007fff emulation mapping ram ram select, ram2 to ram0 note: * in mode 6 (single-chip normal mode), flash memory emulation by ram is not supported; these bits can be modified, but must not be set to 1. bit 7 rams 6543210 ram2 ram1 ram0 reserved bits modes 1 to 4 1 1 1 1 0 r 0 r 0 r 0 initial value r/w initial value r/w modes 5 to 7 1 1 1 1 0 r/w * 0 r/w * 0 r/w * 0 r/w * note: this register is used only in the flash memory and flash memory r versions. reading the corresponding address in a mask rom version will always return 1s, and writes to this address are disabled. 764 mar0a r/e/h/l?emory address register 0a r/e/h/l h'fff20 h'fff21 h'fff22 h'fff23 dmac0 bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 11111 1 1 1 mar0ar mar0ae undetermined bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 mar0ah mar0al undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w undetermined source or destination address 765 etcr0a h/l?xecute transfer count register 0a h/l h'fff24 h'fff25 dmac0 ? short address mode ? i/o mode and idle mode bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w transfer counter ? repeat mode bit initial value read/write 76543210 undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w transfer counter 76543210 etcr0ah undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w initial count etcr0al ? full address mode ? normal mode bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w undetermined 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w transfer counter ? block transfer mode bit initial value read/write 76543210 undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w block size counter 76543210 etcr0ah undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w initial block size etcr0al 766 ioar0a?/o address register 0a h'fff26 dmac0 bit initial value read/write r/w 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w 0 short address mode : source or destination address full address mode : not used undetermined 767 dtcr0a?ata transfer control register 0a h'fff27 dmac0 ? short address mode bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 dte 0 r/w 6 dtsz 0 r/w 5 dtid 0 r/w 4 rpe 0 r/w 3 dtie 0 r/w 2 dts2 0 r/w 1 dts1 0 r/w 0 dts0 data transfer interrupt enable 0 interrupt requested by dte bit is disabled 1 interrupt requested by dte bit is enabled repeat enable 0 i/o mode 1 repeat mode idle mode 0 1 rpe dtie description 0 1 data transfer increment/decrement 0 incremented: if dtsz = 0, mar is incremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mar is incremented by 2 after each transfer 1 decremented: if dtsz = 0, mar is decremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mar is decremented by 2 after each transfer data transfer size 0 1 byte-size transfer word-size transfer data transfer enable 0 1 data transfer is disabled data transfer is enabled data transfer select bit 2 dts2 bit 1 dts1 bit 0 dts0 0 1 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 0 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 1 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 2 a/d converter conversion end interrupt sci0 transmit-data-empty interrupt sci0 receive-data-full interrupt transfer in full address mode transfer in full address mode 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 data transfer activation source 0 1 0 1 768 dtcr0a?ata transfer control register 0a (cont) h'fff27 dmac0 ? full address mode bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 dte 0 r/w 6 dtsz 0 r/w 5 said 0 r/w 4 saide 0 r/w 3 dtie 0 r/w 2 dts2a 0 r/w 1 dts1a 0 r/w 0 dts0a data transfer select 0a bit 4 saide 0 mara is held fixed incremented: if dtsz = 0, mara is incremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mara is incremented by 2 after each transfer 0 1 increment/decrement enable data transfer size 0 1 byte-size transfer word-size transfer data transfer enable 0 1 data transfer is disabled data transfer is enabled 0 1 normal mode block transfer mode data transfer select 2a and 1a set both bits to 1 data transfer interrupt enable 0 1 interrupt requested by dte bit is disabled interrupt requested by dte bit is enabled source address increment/decrement (bit 5) source address increment/decrement enable (bit 4) 1 0 1 mara is held fixed decremented: if dtsz = 0, mara is decremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mara is decremented by 2 after each transfer bit 5 said 769 mar0b r/e/h/l?emory address register 0b r/e/h/l h'fff28 h'fff29 h'fff2a h'fff2b dmac0 bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 11111 1 1 1 mar0br mar0be undetermined bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 mar0bh mar0bl undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w undetermined source or destination address 770 etcr0b h/l?xecute transfer count register 0b h/l h'fff2c, h'fff2d dmac0 ? short address mode ? i/o mode and idle mode r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w bit initial value read/write undetermined transfer counter ? repeat mode : 76543210 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w bit initial value read/write undetermined transfer counter etcr0bh undetermined initial count etcr0bl ? full address mode ? normal mode bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w undetermined 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w not used ? block transfer mode bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w undetermined 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w block transfer counter 771 ioar0b?/o address register 0b h'fff2e dmac0 bit initial value read/write r/w 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w 0 short address mode : source or destination address full address mode : not used undetermined 772 dtcr0b?ata transfer control register 0b h'fff2f dmac0 ? short address mode bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 dte 0 r/w 6 dtsz 0 r/w 5 dtid 0 r/w 4 rpe 0 r/w 3 dtie 0 r/w 2 dts2 0 r/w 1 dts1 0 r/w 0 dts0 data transfer select bit 2 dts2 bit 1 dts1 bit 0 dts0 1 0 1 0 1 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 0 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 1 compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 2 a/d converter conversion end interrupt sci0 transmit-data-empty interrupt sci0 receive-data-full interrupt falling edge of dreq input low level of dreq input 0 1 0 1 0 1 data transfer activation source data transfer interrupt enable 0 interrupt requested by dte bit is disabled 1 interrupt requested by dte bit is enabled repeat enable 0 i/o mode 1 repeat mode idle mode 0 1 rpe dtie description 0 1 data transfer increment/decrement 0 incremented: if dtsz = 0, mar is incremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mar is incremented by 2 after each transfer 1 decremented: if dtsz = 0, mar is decremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, mar is decremented by 2 after each transfer data transfer size 0 1 byte-size transfer word-size transfer data transfer enable 0 1 data transfer is disabled data transfer is enabled 0 1 0 773 dtcr0b?ata transfer control register 0b (cont) h'fff2f dmac0 ? full address mode bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 dtme 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 daid 0 r/w 4 daide 0 r/w 3 tms 0 r/w 2 dts2b 0 r/w 1 dts1b 0 r/w 0 dts0b data transfer select 2b to 0b bit 2 dts2b bit 1 dts1b bit 0 dts0b 0 0 1 0 1 data transfer activation source transfer mode select 0 1 destination is the block area in block transfer mode source is the block area in block transfer mode data transfer master enable 0 1 data transfer is disabled data transfer is enabled compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 0 normal mode block transfer mode auto-request (burst mode) compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 1 not available compare match/input capture a interrupt from 16-bit timer channel 2 auto-request (cycle-steal mode) a/d converter conversion end interrupt not available not available falling edge input of dreq not available not available not available falling edge input of dreq low level input at dreq 0 1 0 1 0 bit 4 daide 0 marb is held fixed incremented: if dtsz = 0, marb is incremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, marb is incremented by 2 after each transfer marb is held fixed decremented: if dtsz = 0, marb is decremented by 1 after each transfer if dtsz = 1, marb is decremented by 2 after each transfer 0 1 increment/decrement enable destination address increment/decrement (bit 5) destination address increment/decrement enable (bit 4) 1 0 1 bit 5 daid 1 0 1 1 not available 774 mar1a r/e/h/l?emory address register 1a r/e/h/l h'fff30 h'fff31 h'fff32 h'fff33 dmac1 bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 11111 1 1 1 mar1ar mar1ae undetermined bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 mar1ah mar1al undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w undetermined note: bit functions are the same as for dmac0. etcr1a h/l?xecute transfer count register 1a h/l h'fff34 h'fff35 dmac1 bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 undetermined note: bit functions are the same as for dmac0. r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w bit initial value read/write 76543210 undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 etcr1ah undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w etcr1al 775 ioar1a?/o address register 1a h'fff36 dmac1 bit initial value read/write r/w 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w 0 note: bit functions are the same as for dmac0. undetermined dtcr1a?ata transfer control register 1a h'fff37 dmac1 ? short address mode bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 dte 0 r/w 6 dtsz 0 r/w 5 dtid 0 r/w 4 rpe 0 r/w 3 dtie 0 r/w 2 dts2 0 r/w 1 dts1 0 r/w 0 dts0 ? full address mode bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 dte 0 r/w 6 dtsz 0 r/w 5 said 0 r/w 4 saide 0 r/w 3 dtie 0 r/w 2 dts2a 0 r/w 1 dts1a 0 r/w 0 dts0a note: bit functions are the same as for dmac0. 776 mar1b r/e/h/l?emory address register 1b r/e/h/l h'fff38 h'fff39 h'fff3a h'fff3b dmac1 bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 11111 1 1 1 mar1br mar1be undetermined bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 mar1bh mar1bl undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w undetermined note: bit functions are the same as for dmac0. etcr1b h/l?xecute transfer count register 1b h/l h'fff3c h'fff3d dmac1 bit initial value read/write r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 undetermined note: bit functions are the same as for dmac0. r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w bit initial value read/write 76543210 undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 76543210 etcr1bh undetermined r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w etcr1bl 777 ioar1b?/o address register 1b h'fff3e dmac1 note: bit functions are the same as for dmac0. r/w 7 r/w 6 r/w 5 r/w 4 r/w 3 r/w 2 r/w 1 r/w 0 bit initial value read/write undetermined dtcr1b?ata transfer control register 1b h'fff3f dmac1 ? short address mode r/w 7 dte 0 r/w 6 dtsz 0 r/w 5 dtid 0 r/w 4 rpe 0 r/w 3 dtie 0 r/w 2 dts2 0 r/w 1 dts1 0 r/w 0 dts0 0 bit initial value read/write ? full address mode note: bit functions are the same as for dmac0. r/w 7 dtme 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 daid 0 r/w 4 daide 0 r/w 3 tms 0 r/w 2 dts2b 0 r/w 1 dts1b 0 0 r/w 0 dts0b bit initial value read/write 778 tstr?imer start register h'fff60 16-bit timer (all channels) 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 str2 0 r/w reserved bits 1 str1 0 r/w 0 str0 0 r/w 0 1 tcnt0 is halted (initial value) tcnt0 is counting counter start 0 0 1 tcnt1 is halted (initial value) tcnt1 is counting counter start 1 0 1 tcnt2 is halted (initial value) tcnt2 is counting counter start 2 779 tsnc?imer synchro register h'fff61 16-bit timer (all channels) 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 sync2 0 r/w 1 sync1 0 r/w 0 sync0 0 r/w 0 1 channel 0 timer counter (tcnt0) operates independently (tcnt0 presetting/clearing is unrelated to other channels) (initial value) channel 0 operates synchronously tcnt0 synchronous presetting/synchronous clearing is possible timer synchronization 0 0 1 channel 1 timer counter (tcnt1) operates independently (tcnt1 presetting/clearing is unrelated to other channels) (initial value) channel 1 operates synchronously tcnt1 synchronous presetting/synchronous clearing is possible timer synchronization 1 0 1 channel 2 timer counter (tcnt2) operates independently (tcnt2 presetting/clearing is unrelated to other channels) (initial value) channel 2 operates synchronously tcnt2 synchronous presetting/synchronous clearing is possible timer synchronization 2 reserved bits 780 tmdr?imer mode register h'fff62 16-bit timer (all channels) 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 mdf 0 r/w 5 fdir 0 r/w 4 1 3 1 2 pwm2 0 r/w 1 pwm1 0 r/w 0 pwm0 0 r/w 0 1 channel 0 operates normally (initial value) channel 0 operates in pwm mode pwm mode 0 0 1 channel 1 operates normally (initial value) channel 1 operates in pwm mode pwm mode 1 0 1 channel 2 operates normally (initial value) channel 2 operates in pwm mode pwm mode 2 0 1 ovf is set to 1 in tisrc when tcnt2 overflows or underflows (initial value) ovf is set to 1 in tisrc when tcnt2 overflows flag direction 0 1 channel 2 operates normally (initial value) channel 2 operates in phase counting mode phase counting mode flag 781 tolr?imer output level setting register h'fff63 16-bit timer (all channels) 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 1 5 tob2 0 w 4 toa2 0 w 3 tob1 0 w 2 toa1 0 w 1 tob0 0 w 0 toa0 0 w 0 1 tioca 0 is 0 (initial value) tioca 0 is 1 output level setting a0 0 1 tiocb 0 is 0 (initial value) tiocb 0 is 1 output level setting b0 0 1 tioca 1 is 0 (initial value) tioca 1 is 1 output level setting a1 0 1 tiocb 1 is 0 (initial value) tiocb 1 is 1 output level setting b1 0 1 tioca 2 is 0 (initial value) tioca 2 is 1 output level setting a2 0 1 tiocb 2 is 0 (initial value) tiocb 2 is 1 output level setting b2 782 tisra?imer interrupt status register a h'fff64 16-bit timer (all channels) 1 7 imiea2 0 r/w 6 imiea1 0 r/w 5 imiea0 0 r/w 4 1 3 imfa2 0 r/(w) * 2 imfa1 0 r/(w) * 1 imfa0 0 r/(w) * 0 0 1 input capture/compare match flag a0 [clearing conditions] (initial value) read imfa0 when imfa0=1, then write 0 in imfa0 dmac activated by imia0 interrupt. [setting conditions] tcnt0=gra0 when gra0 functions as an output compare register. tcnt0 value is transferred to gra0 by an input capture signal when gra0 functions as an input capture register. 0 1 input capture/compare match flag a1 [clearing conditions] (initial value) read imfa1 when imfa1=1, then write 0 in imfa1 dmac activated by imia1 interrupt. [setting conditions] tcnt1=gra1 when gra1 functions as an output compare register. tcnt1 value is transferred to gra1 by an input capture signal when gra1 functions as an input capture register. 0 1 input capture/compare match flag a2 [clearing conditions] (initial value) read imfa2 when imfa2=1, then write 0 in imfa2 dmac activated by imia2 interrupt. [setting conditions] tcnt2=gra2 when gra2 functions as an output compare register. tcnt2 value is transferred to gra2 by an input capture signal when gra2 functions as an input capture register. 0 1 imia0 interrupt requested by imfa0 flag is disabled (initial value) imia0 interrupt requested by imfa0 is enabled input capture/compare match interrupt enable a0 0 1 imia1 interrupt requested by imfa1 flag is disabled (initial value) imia1 interrupt requested by imfa1 is enabled input capture/compare match interrupt enable a1 0 1 imia2 interrupt requested by imfa2 flag is disabled (initial value) imia2 interrupt requested by imfa2 is enabled input capture/compare match interrupt enable a2 bit: initial value: read/write: note: * onl y 0 can be written, to clear the fla g . 783 tisrb?imer interrupt status register b h'fff65 16-bit timer (all channels) 1 7 imieb2 0 r/w 6 imieb1 0 r/w 5 imieb0 0 r/w 4 1 3 imfb2 0 r/(w) * 2 imfb1 0 r/(w) * 1 imfb0 0 r/(w) * 0 0 1 input capture/compare match flag b0 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfb0 when imfb0=1, then write 0 in imfb0. [setting conditions] tcnt0=grb0 when grb0 functions as an output compare register. tcnt0 value is transferred to grb0 by an input capture signal when grb0 functions as an input capture register. 0 1 input capture/compare match flag b1 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfb1 when imfb1=1, then write 0 in imfb1. [setting conditions] tcnt1=grb1 when grb1 functions as an output compare register. tcnt1 value is transferred to grb1 by an input capture signal when grb1 functions as an input capture register. 0 1 input capture/compare match flag b2 [clearing condition] (initial value) read imfb2 when imfb2=1, then write 0 in imfb2. [setting conditions] tcnt2=grb2 when grb2 functions as an output compare register. tcnt2 value is transferred to grb2 by an input capture signal when grb2 functions as an input capture register. 0 1 imib0 interrupt requested by imfb0 flag is disabled (initial value) imib0 interrupt requested by imfb0 is enabled input capture/compare match interrupt enable b0 0 1 imib1 interrupt requested by imfb1 flag is disabled (initial value) imib1 interrupt requested by imfb1 is enabled input capture/compare match interrupt enable b1 0 1 imib2 interrupt requested by imfb2 flag is disabled (initial value) imib2 interrupt requested by imfb2 is enabled input capture/compare match interrupt enable b2 note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. bit: initial value: read/write: 784 tisrc?imer interrupt status register c h'fff66 16-bit timer (all channels) 1 7 ovie2 0 r/w 6 ovie1 0 r/w 5 ovie0 0 r/w 4 1 3 ovf2 0 r/(w) * 2 ovf1 0 r/(w) * 1 ovf0 0 r/(w) * 0 0 1 ovi0 interrupt requested by ovf0 flag is disabled (initial value) ovi0 interrupt requested by ovf0 flag is enabled overflow interrupt enable 0 0 1 ovi1 interrupt requested by ovf1 flag is disabled (initial value) ovi1 interrupt requested by ovf1 flag is enabled overflow interrupt enable 1 0 1 ovi2 interrupt requested by ovf2 flag is disabled (initial value) ovi2 interrupt requested by ovf2 flag is enabled overflow interrupt enable 2 bit: initial value: read/write: [clearing condition] (initial value) read ovf0 when ovf0 = 1, then write 0 in ovf0. [setting condition] tcnt0 overflowed from h'ffff to h'0000. overflow flag 0 0 1 [clearing condition] (initial value) read ovf1 when ovf1 = 1, then write 0 in ovf1. [setting condition] tcnt1 overflowed from h'ffff to h'0000. overflow flag 1 0 1 [clearing condition] (initial value) read ovf2 when ovf2 = 1, then write 0 in ovf2. [setting condition] tcnt2 overflowed from h'ffff to h'0000, or underflowed from h'0000 to h'ffff. overflow flag 2 0 1 note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. 785 tcr0?imer control register h'fff68 16-bit timer channel 0 bit initial value read/write 1 7 0 r/w 6 cclr1 0 r/w 5 cclr0 0 r/w 4 ckeg1 0 r/w 3 ckeg0 0 r/w 2 tpsc2 0 r/w 1 tpsc1 0 r/w 0 tpsc0 timer prescaler 2 to 0 tcnt clock source bit 2 tpsc2 bit 1 tpsc1 bit 0 tpsc0 internal clock : (initial value) internal clock : ?/ 2 internal clock : ?/ 4 internal clock : ?/ 8 external clock a : tclka input external clock b : tclkb input external clock c : tclkc input external clock d : tclkd input 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 clock edge 1 and 0 counted edges of external clock bit 4 ckeg1 bit 3 ckeg0 rising edges counted falling edges counted both edges counted 0 1 0 0 1 counter clear 1 and 0 tcnt clear sources bit 6 cclr1 bit 5 cclr0 tcnt is not cleared tcnt is cleared by gra compare match or input capture tcnt is cleared by grb compare match or input capture synchronous clear : tcnt is cleared in synchronization with other synchronized timers 0 1 0 1 0 1 (initial value) (initial value) 786 tior0?imer i/o control register 0 h'fff69 16-bit timer channel 0 i/o control a2 to a0 gra functions bit 2 ioa2 bit 1 ioa1 bit 0 ioa0 1 7 iob2 0 r/w 6 iob1 0 r/w 5 iob0 0 r/w 4 1 3 ioa2 0 r/w 2 ioa1 0 r/w 1 ioa0 0 r/w 0 bit: initial value: read/write: no output at compare match (initial value) 0 output at gra compare match 1 output at gra compare match output toggles at gra compare match (channel 2 only: 1 output) gra captures rising edges of input gra captures falling edges of input gra captures both edges of input 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 gra is an output compare register gra is an input capture register i/o control b2 to b0 grb functions bit 6 iob2 bit 5 iob1 bit 4 iob0 no output at compare match (initial value) 0 output at grb compare match 1 output at grb compare match output toggles at grb compare match (channel 2 only: 1 output) grb captures rising edges of input grb captures falling edges of input grb captures both edges of input 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 grb is an output compare register grb is an input capture register 787 tcnt0 h/l?imer counter 0 h/l h'fff6a, h'fff6b 16-bit timer channel 0 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w up - counter gra0 h/l?eneral register a0 h/l h'fff6c, h'fff6d 16-bit timer channel 0 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w output compare or input capture register grb0 h/l?eneral register b0 h/l h'fff6e, h'fff6f 16-bit timer channel 0 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w output compare or input capture register 788 tcr1 timer control register 1 h'fff70 16-bit timer channel 1 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 cclr1 0 r/w 5 cclr0 0 r/w 4 ckeg1 0 r/w 3 ckeg0 0 r/w 2 tpsc2 0 r/w 1 tpsc1 0 r/w 0 tpsc0 0 r/w note: bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. tior1?imer i/o control register 1 h'fff71 16-bit timer channel 1 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 iob2 0 r/w 5 iob1 0 r/w 4 iob0 0 r/w 3 1 2 ioa2 0 r/w 1 ioa1 0 r/w 0 ioa0 0 r/w note: bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. tcnt1 h/l?imer counter 1 h/l h'fff72, h'fff73 16-bit timer channel 1 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w note: bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. 789 gra1 h/l?eneral register a1 h/l h'fff74, h'fff75 16-bit timer channel 1 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w note: bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. grb1 h/l?eneral register b1 h/l h'fff76, h'fff77 16-bit timer channel 1 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w note: bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. tcr2 timer control register 2 h'fff78 16-bit timer channel 2 7 1 bit initial value notes: 1. bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. 2. when phase counting mode is selected in channel 2, the settings of bits ckeg1 and ckeg0 and tpsc2 to tpsc0 in tcr2 are ignored. read/write 6 cclr1 0 r/w 5 cclr0 0 r/w 4 ckeg1 0 r/w 3 ckeg0 0 r/w 2 tpsc2 0 r/w 1 tpsc1 0 r/w 0 tpsc0 0 r/w 790 tior2?imer i/o control register 2 h'fff79 16-bit timer channel 2 7 1 bit initial value read/write 6 iob2 0 r/w 5 iob1 0 r/w 4 iob0 0 r/w 3 1 2 ioa2 0 r/w 1 ioa1 0 r/w 0 ioa0 0 r/w note: bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. tcnt2 h/l?imer counter 2 h/l h'fff7a, h'fff7b 16-bit timer channel 2 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w phase counting mode : other mode : up / down counter up - counter gra2 h/l?eneral register a2 h/l h'fff7c, h'fff7d 16-bit timer channel 2 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w note: bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. 791 grb2 h/l?eneral register b2 h/l h'fff7e, h'fff7f 16-bit timer channel 2 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w note: bit functions are the same as for 16-bit timer channel 0. 792 tcr0?imer control register 0 tcr1?imer control register 1 h'fff80 h'fff81 8-bit timer channel 0 8-bit timer channel 1 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 cmieb 0 r/w 6 cmiea 0 r/w 5 ovie 0 r/w 4 cclr1 0 r/w 3 cclr0 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w 0 cks0 clock select 2 to 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 clock input is disabled internal clock, counted on rising edge of f /8 internal clock, counted on rising edge of f /64 internal clock, counted on rising edge of f /8192 external clock, counted on falling edge external clock, counted on rising edge external clock, counted on both rising and falling edges counter clear 1 and 0 0 0 1 0 1 clearing is disabled cleared by compare match a cleared by compare match b/input capture b cleared by input capture b 1 timer overflow interrupt enable 0 1 ovi interrupt requested by ovf is disabled ovi interrupt requested by ovf is enabled compare match interrupt enable a 0 1 cmia interrupt requested by cmfa is disabled cmia interrupt requested by cmfa is enabled compare match interrupt enable b 0 1 cmib interrupt requested by cmfb is disabled cmib interrupt requested by cmfb is enabled 1 channel 0: count on tcnt1 overflow signal * channel 1: count on tcnt0 compare match a * notes: * if the clock input of channel 0 is the tcnt1 overflow signal and that of channel 1 is the tcnt0 compare match signal, no incrementing clock is generated. do not use this setting. 793 tcsr0?imer control/status register 0 h'fff82 8-bit timer channel 0 output select a1 and a0 0 description description description bit 1 os1 bit 0 os0 ice in tcsr1 bit 3 ois3 bit 4 adte trge * bit 2 ois2 1 0 1 no change at compare match a 0 output at compare match a 1 output at compare match a output toggles at compare match a output/input capture edge select b3 and b2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 no change at compare match b 0 output at compare match b 1 output at compare match b output toggles at compare match b tcorb input capture on rising edge tcorb input capture on falling edge tcorb input capture on both rising and falling edges 1 a/d trigger enable (tcsr0 only) 0 0 1 0 1 a/d converter start requests by compare match a or an external trigger are disabled a/d converter start requests by compare match a or an external trigger are enabled a/d converter start requests by an external trigger are enabled a/d converter start requests by compare match a are enabled timer overflow flag 0 [clearing condition] read ovf when ovf = 1, then write 0 in ovf. bit initial value read/write 0 r/(w) * 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) * 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) * 5 ovf 0 r/w 4 adte 0 r/w 3 ois3 0 r/w 2 ois2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w 0 os0 0 1 1 [setting condition] tcnt overflows from h'ff to h'00. compare match flag a 0 [clearing condition] read cmfa when cmfa = 1, then write 0 in cmfa. 1 [setting condition] tcnt = tcora compare match/input capture flag b 0 [clearing condition] read cmfb when cmfb = 1, then write 0 in cmfb. 1 [setting conditions] tcnt = tcorb the tcnt value is transferred to tcorb by an input capture signal when tcorb functions as an input capture register. note: * only 0 can be written to bits 7 to 5, to clear these flags. note: * trge is bit 7 of the a/d control register (adcr). 1 794 tcsr1?imer control/status register 1 h'fff83 8-bit timer channel 1 output select a1 and a0 0 description description bit 1 os1 bit 0 os0 ice in tcsr1 bit 3 ois3 bit 2 ois2 1 0 1 no change at compare match a 0 output at compare match a 1 output at compare match a output toggles at compare match a output/input capture edge select b3 and b2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 no change at compare match b 0 output at compare match b 1 output at compare match b output toggles at compare match b tcorb input capture on rising edge tcorb input capture on falling edge tcorb input capture on both rising and falling edges 1 timer overflow flag 0 [clearing condition] read ovf when ovf = 1, then write 0 in ovf. 0 1 1 [setting condition] tcnt overflows from h'ff to h'00. compare match/input capture flag a 0 [clearing condition] read cmfa when cmfa = 1, then write 0 in cmfa. 1 [setting condition] tcnt = tcora compare match/input capture flag b 0 [clearing condition] read cmfb when cmfb = 1, then write 0 in cmfb. 1 [setting conditions] tcnt = tcorb the tcnt value is transferred to tcorb by an input capture signal when tcorb functions as an input capture register. note: * only 0 can be written to bits 7 to 5, to clear these flags. bit initial value read/write 0 r/(w) * 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) * 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) * 5 ovf 0 r/w 4 ice 0 r/w 3 ois3 0 r/w 2 ois2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w 0 os0 input capture enable 0 1 tcorb is a compare match register tcorb is an input capture register 795 tcora0?ime constant register a0 tcora1?ime constant register a1 h'fff84 h'fff85 8-bit timer channel 0 8-bit timer channel 1 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w tcora0 tcora1 tcorb0?ime constant register b0 tcorb1?ime constant register b1 h'fff86 h'fff87 8-bit timer channel 0 8-bit timer channel 1 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w tcorb0 tcorb1 tcnt0?imer counter 0 tcnt1?imer counter 1 h'fff88 h'fff89 8-bit timer channel 0 8-bit timer channel 1 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w tcnt0 tcnt1 796 tcsr?imer control/status register h'fff8c wdt bit initial value read/write 0 r/(w) * 7 ovf 0 r/w 6 wt/ it 0 r/w 5 tme 4 11 3 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 clock select 2 to 0 0 0 f /2 f /32 f /64 f /128 f /256 f /512 f /2048 f /4096 1 0 cks0 0 r/w 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 timer enable 0 timer disabled tcnt is initialized to h'00 and halted 1 timer enabled tcnt is counting timer mode select 0 interval timer: requests interval timer interrupts 1 watchdog timer: generates a reset signal overflow flag 0 [clearing condition] read ovf when ovf = 1, then write 0 in ovf 1 [setting condition] tcnt changes from h'ff to h'00 note: * onl y 0 can be written, to clear the fla g . cks2 cks1 cks0 description 797 tcnt?imer counter h'fff8d (read), h'fff8c (write) wdt bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 count value rstcsr?eset control/status register h'fff8f (read), h'fff8e (write) wdt bit initial value read/write 0 r/(w) * 7 wrst 0 r/w 6 rstoe 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 reset output enable 0 external output of reset signal is disabled external output of reset signal is enabled 1 watchdog timer reset 0 [clearing conditions] reset signal at res pin read wrst when wrst = 1, then write 0 in wrst 1 [setting condition] tcnt overflow generates a reset signal note: * only 0 can be written in bit 7, to clear the fla g . 798 tcr2?imer control register 2 tcr3?imer control register 3 h'fff90 h'fff91 8-bit timer channel 2 8-bit timer channel 3 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 cmieb 0 r/w 6 cmiea 0 r/w 5 ovie 0 r/w 4 cclr1 0 r/w 3 cclr0 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w 0 cks0 clock select 2 to 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 clock input is disabled internal clock, counted on rising edge of f /8 internal clock, counted on rising edge of f /64 internal clock, counted on rising edge of f /8192 external clock, counted on falling edge external clock, counted on rising edge external clock, counted on both rising and falling edges counter clear 1 and 0 0 0 1 0 1 clearing is disabled cleared by compare match a cleared by compare match b/input capture b cleared by input capture b 1 timer overflow interrupt enable 0 1 ovi interrupt requested by ovf is disabled ovi interrupt requested by ovf is enabled compare match interrupt enable a 0 1 cmia interrupt requested by cmfa is disabled cmia interrupt requested by cmfa is enabled compare match interrupt enable b 0 1 cmib interrupt requested by cmfb is disabled cmib interrupt requested by cmfb is enabled 1 csk2 csk1 csk0 description channel 2: count on tcnt3 overflow signal * channel 3: count on tcnt2 compare match a * note: * if the clock input of channel 2 is the tcnt3 overflow signal and that of channel 3 is the tcnt2 compare match signal, no incrementing clock is generated. do not use this setting. 799 tcsr2?imer control/status register 2 tcsr3?imer control/status register 3 h'fff92 h'fff93 8-bit timer channel 2 8-bit timer channel 3 bit initial value read/write 0 r/(w) * 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) * 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) * 5 ovf 0 r/w 4 ice 0 r/w 3 ois3 0 r/w 2 ois2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w 0 os0 timer overflow flag 0 [clearing condition] read ovf when ovf = 1, then write 0 in ovf. bit initial value read/write 0 r/(w) * 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) * 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) * 5 ovf 1 4 0 r/w 3 ois3 0 r/w 2 ois2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w 0 os0 tcsr3 tcsr2 1 [setting condition] tcnt overflows from h'ff to h'00. compare match/input capture flag a 0 [clearing condition] read cmfa when cmfa = 1, then write 0 in cmfa. 1 [setting condition] tcnt = tcora compare match/input capture flag b 0 [clearing condition] read cmfb when cmfb = 1, then write 0 in cmfb. 1 [setting conditions] tcnt = tcorb the tcnt value is transferred to tcorb by an input capture signal when tcorb functions as an input capture register. note: * only 0 can be written to bits 7 to 5, to clear these flags. output select a1 and a0 0 description bit 1 os1 bit 0 os0 1 0 1 no change at compare match a 0 output at compare match a 1 output at compare match a output toggles at compare match a 0 1 description ice in tcsr3 bit 3 ois3 bit 3 ois2 output/input capture edge select b3 and b2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 no change at compare match b 0 output at compare match b 1 output at compare match b output toggles at compare match b tcorb input capture on rising edge tcorb input capture on falling edge tcorb input capture on both rising and falling edges 1 input capture enable (tcsr3 only) 0 1 tcorb is a compare match register tcorb is an input capture register 800 tcora2?ime constant register a2 tcora3?ime constant register a3 h'fff94 h'fff95 8-bit timer channel 2 8-bit timer channel 3 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w tcora2 tcora3 tcorb2?ime constant register b2 tcorb3?ime constant register b3 h'fff96 h'fff97 8-bit timer channel 2 8-bit timer channel 3 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w tcorb2 tcorb3 tcnt2?imer counter 2 tcnt3?imer counter 3 h'fff98 h'fff99 8-bit timer channel 2 8-bit timer channel 3 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w 0 r/w tcnt2 tcnt3 801 dadr0?/a data register 0 h'fff9c d/a bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 d/a conversion data dadr1?/a data register 1 h'fff9d d/a bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 d/a conversion data 802 dacr?/a control register h'fff9e d/a bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 daoe1 0 r/w 6 daoe0 0 r/w 5 dae 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 d/a enable bit 7 daoe1 d/a conversion is disabled in channels 0 and 1 d/a conversion is enabled in channel 0 d/a conversion is disabled in channel 1 d/a conversion is disabled in channel 0 d/a conversion is enabled in channel 1 description d/a conversion is enabled in channels 0 and 1 d/a conversion is enabled in channels 0 and 1 d/a conversion is enabled in channels 0 and 1 bit 6 bit 5 daoe0 dae 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 d/a output enable 0 0 da 0 analog output is disabled 1 channel-0 d/a conversion and da 0 analog output are enabled d/a output enable 1 0 da 1 analog output is disabled 1 channel-1 d/a conversion and da 1 analog output are enabled 803 tpmr?pc output mode register h'fffa0 tpc bit initial value read/write 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 0 r/w 3 g3nov 0 r/w 2 g2nov 0 r/w 1 g1nov 0 r/w 0 g0nov group 0 non-overlap 0 normal tpc output in group 0. output values change at compare match a in the selected 16-bit timer channel 1 non-overlapping tpc output in group 0, controlled by compare match a and b in the selected 16-bit timer channel group 1 non-overlap 0 normal tpc output in group 1. output values change at compare match a in the selected 16-bit timer channel 1 non-overlapping tpc output in group 1, controlled by compare match a and b in the selected 16-bit timer channel group 2 non-overlap 0 normal tpc output in group 2. output values change at compare match a in the selected 16-bit timer channel 1 non-overlapping tpc output in group 2, controlled by compare match a and b in the selected 16-bit timer channel group 3 non-overlap 0 normal tpc output in group 3. output values change at compare match a in the selected 16-bit timer channel 1 non-overlapping tpc output in group 3, controlled by compare match a and b in the selected 16-bit timer channel 804 tpcr?pc output control register h'fffa1 tpc group 0 compare match select 1 and 0 bit 1 g0cms1 16-bit timer channel selected as output trigger bit 0 g0cms0 tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 0 tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 1 tpc output group 0 (tp 3 to tp 0 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 group 1 compare match select 1 and 0 bit 3 g1cms1 16-bit timer channel selected as output trigger bit 2 g1cms0 tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 0 tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 1 tpc output group 1 (tp 7 to tp 4 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 group 2 compare match select 1 and 0 bit 5 g2cms1 16-bit timer channel selected as output trigger bit 4 g2cms0 tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 0 tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 1 tpc output group 2 (tp 11 to tp 8 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 group 3 compare match select 1 and 0 bit 7 g3cms1 16-bit timer channel selected as output trigger bit 6 g3cms0 tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 0 tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 1 tpc output group 3 (tp 15 to tp 12 ) is triggered by compare match in 16-bit timer channel 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 bit initial value read/write 7 g3cms1 6 g3cms0 5 g2cms1 4 g2cms0 1 r/w 3 g1cms1 1 r/w 2 g1cms0 1 r/w 1 g0cms1 1 r/w 0 g0cms0 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 1 r/w 805 nderb?ext data enable register b h'fffa2 tpc bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 nder15 0 r/w 6 nder14 0 r/w 5 nder13 0 r/w 4 nder12 0 r/w 3 nder11 0 r/w 2 nder10 0 r/w 1 nder9 0 r/w 0 nder8 next data enable 15 to 8 bits 7 to 0 nder15 to nder8 description tpc outputs tp 15 to tp 8 are disabled (ndr15 to ndr8 are not transferred to pb 7 to pb 0 ) tpc outputs tp 15 to tp 8 are enabled (ndr15 to ndr8 are transferred to pb 7 to pb 0 ) 0 1 ndera?ext data enable register a h'fffa3 tpc bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 nder7 0 r/w 6 nder6 0 r/w 5 nder5 0 r/w 4 nder4 0 r/w 3 nder3 0 r/w 2 nder2 0 r/w 1 nder1 0 r/w 0 nder0 next data enable 7 to 0 bits 7 to 0 nder7 to nder0 description tpc outputs tp 7 to tp 0 are disabled (ndr7 to ndr0 are not transferred to pa 7 to pa 0 ) tpc outputs tp 7 to tp 0 are enabled (ndr7 to ndr0 are transferred to pa 7 to pa 0 ) 0 1 806 ndrb?ext data register b h'fffa4/h'fffa6 tpc same trigger for tpc output groups 2 and 3 ? address h'fffa4 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 ndr15 0 r/w 6 ndr14 0 r/w 5 ndr13 0 r/w 4 ndr12 0 r/w 3 ndr11 0 r/w 2 ndr10 0 r/w 1 ndr9 0 r/w 0 ndr8 store the next output data for tpc output group 3 store the next output data for tpc output group 2 ? address h'fffa6 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 bit initial value read/write different triggers for tpc output groups 2 and 3 ? address h'fffa4 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 ndr15 0 r/w 6 ndr14 0 r/w 5 ndr13 0 r/w 4 ndr12 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 store the next output data for tpc output group 3 ? address h'fffa6 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 43 ndr11 2 ndr10 1 ndr9 1111 0 ndr8 store the next output data for tpc output group 2 807 ndra?ext data register a h'fffa5/h'fffa7 tpc same trigger for tpc output groups 0 and 1 ? address h'fffa5 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 ndr7 0 r/w 6 ndr6 0 r/w 5 ndr5 0 r/w 4 ndr4 0 r/w 3 ndr3 0 r/w 2 ndr2 0 r/w 1 ndr1 0 r/w 0 ndr0 store the next output data for tpc output group 1 store the next output data for tpc output group 0 ? address h'fffa7 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 bit initial value read/write different triggers for tpc output groups 0 and 1 ? address h'fffa5 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 ndr7 0 r/w 6 ndr6 0 r/w 5 ndr5 0 r/w 4 ndr4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 store the next output data for tpc output group 1 ? address h'fffa7 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 43 ndr3 2 ndr2 1 ndr1 1111 0 ndr0 store the next output data for tpc output group 0 808 smr?erial mode register h'fffb0 sci0 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 c/ a 0 r/w 6 chr 0 r/w 5 pe 4 o/ e 0 r/w 0 r/w 3 stop 0 r/w 2 mp 0 r/w 1 cks1 clock select 1 and 0 0 bit 0 f clock f /4 clock f /16 clock f /64 clock 1 0 cks0 0 r/w multiprocessor mode 0 multiprocessor function disabled multiprocessor format selected 1 bit 1 clock source cks0 cks1 0 1 0 1 stop bit length 0 one stop bit two stop bits 1 parity mode 0 even parity odd parity 1 parity enable 0 parity bit is not added or checked parity bit is added and checked 1 gsm mode (for smart card interface) 0 tend flag is set 12.5 etu * after start bit tend flag is set 11.0 etu * after start bit 1 character length 0 8-bit data 7-bit data 1 communication mode (for serial communication interface) 0 asynchronous mode synchronous mode 1 note: * etu (elementary time unit: the time for transfer of one bit) 809 brr?it rate register h'fffb1 sci0 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 serial communication bit rate setting 810 scr?erial control register h'fffb2 sci0 bit initial value read/write 0 r/w 7 tie 0 r/w 6 rie 0 r/w 5 te 0 r/w 4 re 0 r/w 3 mpie 0 r/w 2 teie 0 r/w 1 cke1 0 r/w 0 cke0 clock enable 1 and 0 (for serial communication interface) bit 1 cke1 bit 0 cke0 asynchronous mode synchronous mode asynchronous mode synchronous mode asynchronous mode synchronous mode asynchronous mode synchronous mode 0 1 0 1 0 1 description transmit-end interrupt enable 0 1 transmit-end interrupt requests (tei) are disabled transmit-end interrupt requests (tei) are enabled receive interrupt enable 0 1 receive-data-full (rxi) and receive-error (eri) interrupt requests are disabled receive-data-full (rxi) and receive-error (eri) interrupt requests are enabled internal clock, sck pin available for generic i/o internal clock, sck pin used for serial clock output internal clock, sck pin used for clock output internal clock, sck pin used for serial clock output external clock, sck pin used for clock input external clock, sck pin used for serial clock input external clock, sck pin used for clock input external clock, sck pin used for serial clock input multiprocessor interrupt enable 0 1 multiprocessor interrupts are disabled (normal receive operation) multiprocessor interrupts are enabled receive enable 0 1 receiving is disabled receiving is enabled transmit enable 0 1 transmitting is disabled transmitting is enabled transmit interrupt enable 0 1 transmit-data-empty interrupt request (txi) is disabled transmit-data-empty interrupt request (txi) is enabled clock enable 1 and 0 (for smart card interface) smr gm bit 1 cke1 bit 0 cke0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 description sck pin available for generic i/o sck pin used for clock output sck pin output fixed low sck pin used for clock output sck pin output fixed high sck pin used for clock output 811 tdr?ransmit data register h'fffb3 sci0 bit initial value read/write 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 serial transmit data 812 ssr?erial status register h'fffb4 sci0 bit initial value read/write 1 r/(w) * 7 tdre 0 r/(w) * 6 rdrf 0 r/(w) * 5 orer 0 r/(w) * 4 fer/ers 0 r/(w) * 3 per 1 r 2 tend 0 r 1 mpb 0 r/w 0 mpbt transmit end (for serial communication interface) 0 multiprocessor bit transfer 0 1 multiprocessor bit value in transmit data is 0 multiprocessor bit value in transmit data is 1 multiprocessor bit 0 1 multiprocessor bit value in receive data is 0 multiprocessor bit value in receive data is 1 [clearing conditions] read tdre when tdre = 1, then write 0 in tdre. the dmac writes data in tdr. [setting conditions] reset or transition to standby mode te is cleared to 0 in scr. tdre is 1 when last bit of 1-byte serial character is transmitted. parity error 0 1 [clearing conditions] reset or transition to standby mode read per when per = 1, then write 0 in per. [setting condition] parity error (parity of receive data does not match parity setting of o/ e bit in smr) framing error (for serial communication interface) 0 [clearing conditions] reset or transition to standby mode read fer when fer = 1, then write 0 in fer. [setting condition] framing error (stop bit is 0) error signal status (for smart card interface) 0 [clearing conditions] reset or transition to standby mode read ers when ers = 1, then write 0 in ers. [setting condition] a low error signal is received. 1 1 overrun error 0 [clearing conditions] reset or transition to standby mode read orer when orer = 1, then write 0 in orer. [setting condition] overrun error (reception of the next serial data ends when rdrf = 1) 1 receive data register full 0 [clearing conditions] reset or transition to standby mode read rdrf when rdrf = 1, then write 0 in rdrf. the dmac reads data from rdr. [setting condition] serial data is received normally and transferred from rsr to rdr. 1 transmit data register empty note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. 0 [clearing conditions] read tdre when tdre = 1, then write 0 in tdre. the dmac writes data in tdr. [setting conditions] reset or transition to standby mode te is 0 in scr. data is transferred from tdr to tsr, enabling new data to be written in tdr 1 1 transmit end (for smart card interface) 0 [clearing conditions] read tdre when tdre = 1, then write 0 in tdre. the dmac writes data in tdr. [setting conditions] reset or transition to standby mode te is cleared to 0 in scr and fer/ers is cleared to 0. tdre is 1 and fer/ers is 0 (normal transmission) 2.5 etu * (when gm = 0) or 1.0 etu (when gm = 1) after 1-byte serial character is transmitted. 1 note: * etu (elementary time unit: the time for transfer of one bit) 813 rdr?eceive data register h'fffb5 sci0 bit initial value read/write 0 r 7 0 r 6 0 r 5 0 r 4 0 r 3 0 r 2 0 r 1 0 r 0 serial receive data 814 scmr?mart card mode register h'fffb6 sci0 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 0 r/w 3 sdir 0 r/w 2 sinv 1 1 0 r/w 0 smif smart card interface mode select 0 1 smart card interface function is disabled (initial value) smart card interface function is enabled smart card data invert 0 1 unmodified tdr contents are transmitted (initial value) receive data is stored unmodified in rdr inverted 1/0 logic levels of tdr contents are transmitted 1/0 logic levels of received data are inverted before storage in rdr smart card data transfer direction 0 1 tdr contents are transmitted lsb-first (initial value) receive data is stored lsb-first in rdr tdr contents are transmitted msb-first receive data is stored msb-first in rdr bit initial value read/write 815 smr?erial mode register h'fffb8 sci1 0 r/w 7 c/ a 0 r/w 6 chr 0 r/w 5 pe 0 r/w 4 o/ e 0 r/w 3 stop 0 r/w 2 mp 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w 0 cks0 note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. bit initial value read/write brr?it rate register h'fffb9 sci1 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. bit initial value read/write scr?erial control register h'fffba sci1 0 r/w 7 tie 0 r/w 6 rie 0 r/w 5 te 0 r/w 4 re 0 r/w 3 mpie 0 r/w 2 teie 0 r/w 1 cke1 0 r/w 0 cke0 note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. bit initial value read/write 816 tdr?ransmit data register h'fffbb sci1 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. ssr?erial status register h'fffbc sci1 0 r/(w) * 7 tdre 0 r/(w) * 6 rdrf 0 r/(w) * 5 orer 0 r/(w) * 4 fer/ers 0 r/(w) * 3 per 1 r 2 tend 0 r 1 mpb 0 r/w 0 mpbt bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. rdr?eceive data register h'fffbd sci1 0 r 7 0 r 6 0 r 5 0 r 4 0 r 3 0 r 2 0 r 1 0 r 0 bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. 817 scmr?mart card mode register h'fffbe sci1 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 1 5 0 r/w 43 sdir 2 sinv 1 1111 0 smif bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. 818 smr?erial mode register h'fffc0 sci2 0 r/w 7 c/ a 0 r/w 6 chr 0 r/w 5 pe 0 r/w 4 o/ e 0 r/w 3 stop 0 r/w 2 mp 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w 0 cks0 bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. brr?it rate register h'fffc1 sci2 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. scr?erial control register h'fffc2 sci2 0 r/w 7 tie 0 r/w 6 rie 0 r/w 5 te 0 r/w 4 re 0 r/w 3 mpie 0 r/w 2 teie 0 r/w 1 cke1 0 r/w 0 cke0 bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. 819 tdr?ransmit data register h'fffc3 sci2 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. ssr?erial status register h'fffc4 sci2 1 r/(w) * 7 tdre 0 r/(w) * 6 rdrf 0 r/(w) * 5 orer 0 r/(w) * 4 fer/ers 0 r/(w) * 3 per 1 r 2 tend 0 r 1 mpb 0 r/w 0 mpbt bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. * onl y 0 can be written, to clear the fla g . rdr?eceive data register h'fffc5 sci2 0 r 7 0 r 6 0 r 5 0 r 4 0 r 3 0 r 2 0 r 1 0 r 0 bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. 820 scmr?mart card mode register h'fffc6 sci2 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 1 5 0 r/w 43 sdir 2 sinv 1 1111 0 smif bit initial value read/write note: bit functions are the same as for sci0. 821 p1dr?ort 1 data register h'fffd0 port 1 0 r/w 7 p1 7 0 r/w 6 p1 6 0 r/w 5 p1 5 0 r/w 4 p1 4 0 r/w 3 p1 3 0 r/w 2 p1 2 0 r/w 1 p1 1 0 r/w 0 p1 0 data for port 1 pins bit initial value read/write p2dr?ort 2 data register h'fffd1 port 2 0 r/w 7 p2 7 0 r/w 6 p2 6 0 r/w 5 p2 5 0 r/w 4 p2 4 0 r/w 3 p2 3 0 r/w 2 p2 2 0 r/w 1 p2 1 0 r/w 0 p2 0 data for port 2 pins bit initial value read/write p3dr?ort 3 data register h'fffd2 port 3 0 r/w 7 p3 7 0 r/w 6 p3 6 0 r/w 5 p3 5 0 r/w 4 p3 4 0 r/w 3 p3 3 0 r/w 2 p3 2 0 r/w 1 p3 1 0 r/w 0 p3 0 data for port 3 pins bit initial value read/write 822 p4dr?ort 4 data register h'fffd3 port 4 0 r/w 7 p4 7 0 r/w 6 p4 6 0 r/w 5 p4 5 0 r/w 4 p4 4 0 r/w 3 p4 3 0 r/w 2 p4 2 0 r/w 1 p4 1 0 r/w 0 p4 0 data for port 4 pins bit initial value read/write p5dr?ort 5 data register h'fffd4 port 5 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 0 r/w 3 p5 3 0 r/w 2 p5 2 0 r/w 1 p5 1 0 r/w 0 p5 0 data for port 5 pins bit initial value read/write p6dr?ort 6 data register h'fffd5 port 6 1 r 7 p6 7 0 r/w 6 p6 6 0 r/w 5 p6 5 0 r/w 4 p6 4 0 r/w 3 p6 3 0 r/w 2 p6 2 0 r/w 1 p6 1 0 r/w 0 p6 0 data for port 6 pins bit initial value read/write 823 p7dr?ort 7 data register h'fffd6 port 7 r 7 p7 7 r 6 p7 6 r 5 p7 5 r 4 p7 4 r 3 p7 3 r 2 p7 2 r 1 p7 1 r 0 p7 0 data for port 7 pins * * * * * * * * note: * determined by pins p7 7 to p7 0 . bit initial value read/write p8dr?ort 8 data register h'fffd7 port 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 0 r/w 4 p8 4 0 r/w 3 p8 3 0 r/w 2 p8 2 0 r/w 1 p8 1 0 r/w 0 p8 0 data for port 8 pins bit initial value read/write 824 p9dr?ort 9 data register h'fffd8 port 9 1 7 1 6 0 r/w 5 p9 5 0 r/w 4 p9 4 0 r/w 3 p9 3 0 r/w 2 p9 2 0 r/w 1 p9 1 0 r/w 0 p9 0 data for port 9 pins bit initial value read/write padr?ort a data register h'fffd9 port a 0 r/w 7 pa 7 0 r/w 6 pa 6 0 r/w 5 pa 5 0 r/w 4 pa 4 0 r/w 3 pa 3 0 r/w 2 pa 2 0 r/w 1 pa 1 0 r/w 0 pa 0 data for port a pins bit initial value read/write pbdr?ort b data register h'fffda port b 0 r/w 7 pb 7 0 r/w 6 pb 6 0 r/w 5 pb 5 0 r/w 4 pb 4 0 r/w 3 pb 3 0 r/w 2 pb 2 0 r/w 1 pb 1 0 r/w 0 pb 0 data for port b pins bit initial value read/write 825 addra h/l?/d data register a h/l h'fffe0, h'fffe1 a/d 0 r 15 ad9 a/d conversion data 10-bit data g ivin g an a/d conversion result 0 r 14 ad8 0 r 13 ad7 0 r 12 ad6 0 r 11 ad5 0 r 10 ad4 0 r 9 ad3 0 r 8 ad2 0 r 7 ad1 0 r 6 ad0 0 r 5 0 r 4 0 r 3 0 r 2 0 r 1 0 r 0 addrah addral bit initial value read/write addrb h/l?/d data register b h/l h'fffe2, h'fffe3 a/d 0 r 15 ad9 0 r 14 ad8 0 r 13 ad7 0 r 12 ad6 0 r 11 ad5 0 r 10 ad4 0 r 9 ad3 0 r 8 ad2 0 r 7 ad1 0 r 6 ad0 0 r 5 0 r 4 0 r 3 0 r 2 0 r 1 0 r 0 addrbh addrbl a/d conversion data 10-bit data g ivin g an a/d conversion result bit initial value read/write 826 addrc h/l?/d data register c h/l h'fffe4, h'fffe5 a/d 0 r 15 ad9 0 r 14 ad8 0 r 13 ad7 0 r 12 ad6 0 r 11 ad5 0 r 10 ad4 0 r 9 ad3 0 r 8 ad2 0 r 7 ad1 0 r 6 ad0 0 r 5 0 r 4 0 r 3 0 r 2 0 r 1 0 r 0 addrch addrcl a/d conversion data 10-bit data g ivin g an a/d conversion result bit initial value read/write addrd h/l?/d data register d h/l h'fffe6, h'fffe7 a/d 0 r 15 ad9 0 r 14 ad8 0 r 13 ad7 0 r 12 ad6 0 r 11 ad5 0 r 10 ad4 0 r 9 ad3 0 r 8 ad2 0 r 7 ad1 0 r 6 ad0 0 r 5 0 r 4 0 r 3 0 r 2 0 r 1 0 r 0 addrdh addrdl a/d conversion data 10-bit data giving an a/d conversion result bit initial value read/write adcr?/d control register h'fffe9 a/d 0 r/w 7 trge 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 0 r/w 0 trigger enable 0 1 a/d conversion start by external trigger or 8-bit timer compare match is disabled a/d conversion is started by falling edge of external trigger signal ( adtrg ) or 8-bit timer compare match bit initial value read/write 827 adcsr?/d control/status register h'fffe8 a/d 0 r/(w) * 7 adf 0 r/w 6 adie 0 r/w 5 adst 0 r/w 4 scan 0 r/w 3 cks 0 r/w 2 ch2 0 r/w 1 ch1 0 r/w 0 ch0 channel select 2 to 0 group selection 0 1 0 1 an 0 an 1 an 2 an 3 an 4 an 5 an 6 an 7 0 ch2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 description single mode scan mode clock select 0 1 conversion time = 134 states (maximum) conversion time = 70 states (maximum) channel selection ch1 ch0 an 0 an 0, an 1 an 0 to an 2 an 0 to an 3 an 4 an 4, an 5 an 4 to an 6 an 4 to an 7 scan mode 0 1 single mode scan mode a/d start 0 1 a/d conversion is stopped single mode: a/d conversion starts; adst is automatically cleared to 0 when conversion ends scan mode: a/d conversion starts and continues, cycling among the selected channels adst is cleared to 0 by software, by a reset, or by a transition to standby mode a/d interrupt enable 0 1 a/d end interrupt request is disabled a/d end interrupt request is enabled a/d end flag 0 [clearing condition] read adf when adf = 1, then write 0 in adf the dmac is activated by an adi interrupt [setting conditions] single mode: a/d conversion ends scan mode: a/d conversion ends in all selected channels 1 note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. bit initial value read/write 828 appendix c i/o port block diagrams c.1 port 1 block diagram reset r p1 ddr n mode 1 to 4 wp1d q d c reset r p1 dr n wp1 qd c rp1 mode 6/7 mode 1 to 5 internal data bus (upper) internal address bus wp1d: wp1: rp1: ssoe: n = 0 to 7 write to p1ddr write to port 1 read port 1 software standby output port enable p1 n external bus released hardware standby software standby mode 6/7 ssoe figure c.1 port 1 block diagram 829 c.2 port 2 block diagram reset r p2 dr n wp2 qd c reset r p2 ddr n wp2d qd c reset r p2 pcr n wp2p qd c mode 6/7 mode 1 to 5 internal data bus (upper) internal address bus p2 n rp2p rp2 wp2p: rp2p: wp2d: wp2: rp2: ssoe: n = 0 to 7 write to p2pcr read p2pcr write to p2ddr write to port 2 read port 2 software standby output port enable external bus released hardware standby software standby mode 6/7 mode 1 to 4 ssoe figure c.2 port 2 block diagram 830 c.3 port 3 block diagram p3 n reset r p3 ddr n wp3d qd c reset r p3 dr n wp3 qd c rp3 mode 1 to 5 internal data bus (upper) wp3d: wp3: rp3: n = 0 to 7 write to p3ddr write to port 3 read port 3 mode 6/7 write to external address mode 6/7 hardware standby external bus released read external address internal data bus (lower) figure c.3 port 3 block diagram 831 c.4 port 4 block diagram p4 n rp4p rp4 wp4 wp4d wp4p reset reset reset qd r c p4 pcr n qd r c p4 ddr n qd r c p4 dr n wp4p: rp4p: wp4d: wp4: rp4: n = 0 to 7 write to p4pcr read p4pcr write to p4ddr write to port 4 read port 4 write to external address external bus release hardware standby read external address internal data bus (upper) internal data bus (lower) 8-bit bus mode mode 6/7 mode 1 to 5 16-bit bus mode figure c.4 port 4 block diagram 832 c.5 port 5 block diagram p5 n rp5p rp5 wp5 wp5d wp5p reset reset reset qd r c p5 pcr n qd r c p5 ddr n qd r c p5 dr n wp5p: rp5p: wp5d: wp5: rp5: ssoe: n = 0 to 3 write to p5pcr read p5pcr write to p5ddr write to port 5 read port 5 software standby output port enable mode 6/7 mode 1 to 5 internal data bus (upper) internal address bus external bus released hardware standby software standby mode 6/7 mode 1 to 4 ssoe figure c.5 port 5 block diagram 833 c.6 port 6 block diagrams wp6d: wp6: rp6: write to p6ddr write to port 6 read port 6 rp6 input wp6d reset qd r c p6 ddr 0 wp6 reset qd r c p6 dr 0 p6 0 internal data bus bus controller wait input enable bus controller wait mode 6/7 hardware standby figure c.6 (a) port 6 block diagram (pin p6 0 ) 834 p6 1 wp6d: wp6: rp6: write to p6ddr write to port 6 read port 6 wp6d reset qd r c p6 ddr 1 wp6 reset qd r c p6 dr 1 rp6 internal data bus bus controller bus release enable breq input mode 6/7 hardware standby figure c.6 (b) port 6 block diagram (pin p6 1 ) 835 wp6d reset qd r c p6 ddr 2 wp6 reset qd r c p6 dr 2 rp6 p6 2 wp6d: wp6: rp6: write to p6ddr write to port 6 read port 6 internal data bus bus controller bus release enable back output mode 6/7 hardware standby figure c.6 (c) port 6 block diagram (pin p6 2 ) 836 p6 3 reset r p6 ddr 3 wp6d qd c reset r p6 dr 3 wp6 qd c rp6 mode 1 to 5 internal data bus wp6d: wp6: rp6: ssoe: write to p6ddr write to port 6 read port 6 software standby output port enable mode 6/7 mode 6/7 as output bus controller external bus released hardware standby software standby mode 6/7 ssoe figure c.6 (d) port 6 block diagram (pin p6 3 ) 837 p6 4 reset r p6 ddr 4 wp6d qd c reset r p6 dr 4 wp6 qd c rp6 mode 1 to 5 internal data bus wp6d: wp6: rp6: ssoe: write to p6ddr write to port 6 read port 6 software standby output port enable mode 6/7 mode 6/7 rd output we output enable bus controller we output external bus released hardware standby software standby mode 6/7 ssoe figure c.6 (e) port 6 block diagram (pin p6 4 ) 838 p6 n reset r p6 ddr n wp6d qd c reset r p6 dr n wp6 qd c rp6 mode 1 to 5 internal data bus wp6d: wp6: rp6: ssoe: n = 5 and 6 write to p6ddr write to port 6 read port 6 software standby output port enable mode 6/7 mode 6/7 hwr output lwr output cas output enable bus controller ucas output lcas output external bus released hardware standby software standby mode 6/7 ssoe figure c.6 (f) port 6 block diagram (pins p6 5 and p6 6 ) 839 read port 6 rp6: hardware standby rp6 p6 7 f output f output enable internal data bus figure c.6 (g) port 6 block diagram (pin p6 7 ) 840 c.7 port 7 block diagrams p7 n rp7 rp7: read port 7 n = 0 to 5 internal data bus a/d converter input enable channel select signal analog input figure c.7 (a) port 7 block diagram (pins p7 0 to p7 5 ) p7 n rp7 rp7: read port 7 n = 6 and 7 internal data bus d/a converter analog output output enable a/d converter input enable channel select signal analog input figure c.7 (b) port 7 block diagram (pins p7 6 and p7 7 ) 841 c.8 port 8 block diagrams p8 0 rp8 wp8d reset external bus released hardware standby ssoe software standby qd r c p8 ddr 0 wp8 reset qd r c p8 dr 0 wp8d: wp8: rp8: ssoe: write to p8ddr write to port 8 read port 8 software standby output port enable internal data bus bus controller rfsh output enable self-refresh output enable output interrupt controller input rfsh irq 0 mode 6/7 figure c.8 (a) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 0 ) 842 p8 n wp8d reset qd r c p8 ddr 1 wp8 reset qd r c p8 dr 1 rp8 wp8d: wp8: rp8: ssoe: write to p8ddr write to port 8 read port 8 software standby output port enable internal data bus bus controller interrupt controller irq 1 input cs 3 output ras 3 output ras 3 output enable area 3 dram connection enable mode 6/7 mode 1 to 5 ssoe hardware standby software standby external bus release figure c.8 (b) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 1 ) 843 p8 2 wp8d reset qd r c p8 ddr 2 wp8 reset qd r c p8 dr 2 rp8 wp8d: wp8: rp8: ssoe: write to p8ddr write to port 8 read port 8 software standby output port enable internal data bus bus controller interrupt controller irq 2 input cs 2 output ras 2 output ras 2 output enable mode 6/7 mode 1 to 5 ssoe hardware standby software standby external bus release figure c.8 (c) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 2 ) 844 a/d converter wp8d p8 3 dr c qd write to p8ddr write to port 8 read port 8 software standby output port enable wp8d: wp8: rp8: ssoe: wp8 r reset internal data bus rp8 p8 3 bus controller cs 1 output reset mode 6/7 mode 1 to 5 interrupt controller irq 3 input adtrg input mode 6/7 ssoe external bus release software standby hardware standby p8 3 ddr c qd r figure c.8 (d) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 3 ) 845 p8 4 wp8d qd s c p8 ddr 4 wp8 reset reset mode 1 to 4 qd r c p8 dr 4 rp8 wp8d: wp8: rp8: ssoe: write to p8ddr write to port 8 read port 8 software standby output port enable internal data bus bus controller output 0 cs mode 6/7 mode 1 to 5 r mode 6/7 ssoe external bus release software standby hardware standby figure c.8 (e) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 4 ) 846 c.9 port 9 block diagrams wp9d: wp9: rp9: write to p9ddr write to port 9 read port 9 p9 0 rp9 wp9d reset hardware standby qd r c p9 ddr 0 wp9 reset qd r c p9 dr 0 internal data bus sci output enable serial transmit data guard time figure c.9 (a) port 9 block diagram (pin p9 0 ) 847 wp9d: wp9: rp9: write to p9ddr write to port 9 read port 9 p9 1 rp9 wp9d reset qd r c p9 ddr 1 wp9 reset qd r c p9 dr 1 internal data bus sci output enable serial transmit data guard time hardware standby figure c.9 (b) port 9 block diagram (pin p9 1 ) 848 wp9d: wp9: rp9: write to p9ddr write to port 9 read port 9 p9 2 wp9d reset qd r c p9 ddr 2 wp9 reset qd r c p9 dr 2 rp9 internal data bus input enable serial receive data sci hardware standby figure c.9 (c) port 9 block diagram (pin p9 2 ) 849 p9 3 ddr c qd wp9d rp9 p9 3 dr c qd p9 3 serial receive data input enable write to p9ddr write to port 9 read port 9 wp9d: wp9: rp9: wp9 r r reset internal data bus reset sci hardware standby figure c.9 (d) port 9 block diagram (pin p9 3 ) 850 wp9d: wp9: rp9: write to p9ddr write to port 9 read port 9 wp9d reset qd r c p9 ddr 4 wp9 reset qd r c p9 dr 4 rp9 p9 4 internal data bus sci clock input enable clock output enable clock output clock input interrupt controller input irq 4 hardware standby figure c.9 (e) port 9 block diagram (pin p9 4 ) 851 r p9 5 ddr c qd reset wp9d wp9 rp9 r p9 5 dr c qd reset p9 5 sci clock input enable clock output enable clock output interrupt controller irq 5 input clock input : write to p9ddr : write to port 9 : read port 9 wp9d wp9 rp9 internal data bus hardware standby figure c.9 (f) port 9 block diagram (pin p9 5 ) 852 c.10 port a block diagrams wpad: wpa: rpa: n = 0 and 1 write to paddr write to port a read port a pa n wpad reset qd r c pa ddr n reset qd r c pa dr n rpa wpa internal data bus tpc output enable tpc next data output trigger output enable transfer end output dma controller counter clock input 16-bit timer counter clock input 8-bit timer hardware standby figure c.10 (a) port a block diagram (pins pa 0 , pa 1 ) 853 wpad: wpa: rpa: n = 2 and 3 write to paddr write to port a read port a pa n rpa wpa wpad reset qd r c pa ddr n reset qd r c pa dr n internal data bus tpc output enable tpc next data output trigger output enable compare match output input capture counter clock input 16-bit timer counter clock input 8-bit timer hardware standby figure c.10 (b) port a block diagram (pins pa 2 , pa 3 ) 854 wpad: wpa: rpa: ssoe: n = 4 to 7 note: the pa 7 address output enable setting is fixed at 1 in modes 3 and 4. write to paddr write to port a read port a software standby output port enable pa n wpad reset pra wpa qd r c pa n ddr reset qd r c pa n dr internal address bus internal data bus tpc 16-bit timer tpc output enable next data output trigger output enable compare match output input capture software standby ssoe bus released mode 3/4 address output enable hardware standby figure c.10 (c) port a block diagram (pins pa 4 to pa 7 ) 855 c.11 port b block diagrams pb n wpbd: wpb: rpb: ssoe: write to pbddr write to port b read port b software standby output port enable reset qd r c pb ddr n wpbd reset qd r c pb dr n wpb rpb internal data bus tpc output enable tpc next data output trigger output enable compare match output 8-bit timer mode 1 to 5 bus released bus controller cs output enable cs7 output software standby ssoe hardware standby figure c.11 (a) port b block diagram (pin pb 0 ) 856 r pb n ddr c qd reset mode 1 to 5 wpbd wpb rpb r pb n dr c qd reset pb 1 tpc 8-bit timer tpc output enable bus controller cs output enable cs6 output next data output trigger output enable compare match output dmac dreq0 dreq1 input tmo2 tmo3 input write to pbddr write to port b read port b software standby output port enable wpbd: wpb: rpb: ssoe: bus released software standby ssoe internal data bus hardware standby figure c.11 (b) port b block diagram (pin pb 1 ) 857 r pb 2 ddr c qd reset wpbd wpb rpb r pb 2 dr c qd reset pb 2 tpc 8-bit timer tpc output enable bus controller ras 5 output enable ras 5 output cs 5 output cs 5 output enable area 5 dram connection output enable next data output trigger output enable compare match output write to pbddr write to port b read port b software standby output port enable wpbd: wpb: rpb: ssoe: internal data bus software standby external bus release ssoe hardware standby mode 6/7 figure c.11 (c) port b block diagram (pin pb 2 ) 858 r pb 2 ddr c qd reset wpbd wpb rpb r pb 2 dr c qd reset pb 3 tpc 8-bit timer tmio 3 input dreq 1 input dmac tpc output enable bus controller ras 5 output enable ras 5 output cs 5 output cs 5 output enable area 5 dram connection output enable next data output trigger output enable compare match output write to pbddr write to port b read port b software standby output port enable wpbd: wpb: rpb: ssoe: internal data bus software standby external bus release ssoe hardware standby mode 6/7 figure c.11 (d) port b block diagram (pin pb 3 ) 859 pb 4 wpbd: wpb: rpb: ssoe: write to pbddr write to port b read port b software standby output port enable note: in modes 6 and 7, cas output enable is fixed at 0. wpb rpb reset hardware standby external bus release ssoe software standby qd r c pb ddr 4 wpbd reset qd r c pb dr 4 internal data bus tpc output enable next data output trigger output enable cas output tpc bus controller figure c.11 (e) port b block diagram (pin pb 4 ) 860 r pb 5 ddr c qd reset wpbd wpb rpb r pb 5 dr c qd reset pb 5 tpc sci tpc output enable sci next data output trigger clock output enable clock input enable clock output clock input write to pbddr write to port b read port b software standby output port enable bus controller cas output enable cas output wpbd: wpb: rpb: ssoe: internal data bus hardware standby external bus release ssoe software standby note: in modes 6 and 7, cas output enable is fixed at 0. figure c.11 (f) port b block diagram (pin pb 5 ) 861 wpbd reset hardware standby reset qd r c pb ddr qd r c pb dr 6 rpb wpb tpc sci wpbd: wpb: rpb: write to pbddr write to port b read port b tpc output enable next data output trigger output enable serial transmit data guard time internal data bus 6 pb 6 figure c.11 (g) port b block diagram (pin pb 6 ) 862 pb 7 wpbd reset reset qd r c pb ddr qd r c pb dr 7 rpb wpb sci tpc sci wpbd: wpb: rpb: write to pbddr write to port b read port b tpc output enable input enable next data output trigger internal data bus 7 serial receive data hardware standby figure c.11 (h) port b block diagram (pin pb 7 ) 863 appendix d pin states d.1 port states in each mode table d.1 port states pin name mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode bus-released mode program execution mode p1 7 to p1 0 1 to 4 l t (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) keep ta 7 to a 0 5 t t (ddr = 0) keep (ddr=1, ssoe=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=1) keep t (ddr=0) input port (ddr=1) a 7 to a 0 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p2 7 to p2 0 1 to 4 l t (ssoe = 0) t (ssoe = 1) keep ta 15 to a 8 5 t t (ddr = 0) keep (ddr=1,ssoe=0) t (ddr=1,ssoe=1) keep t (ddr=0) input port (ddr=1) a 15 to a 8 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p3 7 to p3 0 1 to 5 t t t t d 15 to d 8 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p4 7 to p4 0 1, 3, 5 t t keep keep i/o port 2, 4 t t t t d 7 to d 0 6, 7 t t keep i/o port 864 pin name mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode bus-released mode program execution mode p5 3 to p5 0 1 to 4 l t (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) keep ta 19 to a 16 5 t t (ddr=0) keep (ddr=1, ssoe=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=1) keep t (ddr=0) input port (ddr=1) a 19 to a 16 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p6 0 1 to 5 t t keep keep i/o port wait 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p6 1 1 to 5 t t (brle=0) keep (brle=1) t t i/o port breq 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p6 2 1 to 5 t t (brle=0) keep (brle=1) h l (brle=0) i/o port (brle=1) back 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p6 6 to p6 3 1 to 5 h t (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h t as , rd , hwr , lwr 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p6 7 1 to 7 clock output t (pstop=0) h (pstop=1) keep (pstop=0) f (pstop=1) keep (pstop=0) f (pstop=1) input port p7 7 to p7 0 1 to 7 t t t t input port 865 pin name mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode bus-released mode program execution mode p8 0 1 to 5 t t when dram space is not selected * 1 (rfshe=0) keep (rfshe=1) illegal setting when dram space is selected * 2 (rfshe=0) keep (rfshe=1, srfmd=0, ssoe=0) t (rfshe=1, srfmd=0, ssoe=1) h (rfshe=1, srfmd=1) rfsh when dram space is selected * 1 (rfshe=0) keep (rfshe=1) illegal setting when dram space is selected * 2 (rfshe=0) keep (rfshe=1) t (rfshe=0) i/o port (rfshe=1) rfsh 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p8 1 1 to 5 t t when dram space is selected * 3 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h when dram space is selected * 4 keep otherwise * 5 * 1 (ddr=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=1) h when dram space is selected * 3 t when dram space is selected * 4 keep otherwise * 1 (ddr=0) keep (ddr=1) t when dram space is selected and ras3 is output ras 3 when dram space is selected and ras3 is not output i/o port otherwise (ddr=0) input port (ddr=1) cs 3 6, 7 t t keep i/o port 866 pin name mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode bus-released mode program execution mode p8 2 1 to 5 t t ras 2 output * 2 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h otherwise * 1 (ddr=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=1) h ras 2 output * 2 t otherwise * 1 (ddr=0) keep (ddr=1) t ras 2 output ras 2 otherwise (ddr=0) i/o port (ddr=1) cs 2 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p8 3 1 to 5 t t (ddr=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=1) h (ddr=0) keep (ddr=1) t (ddr=0) input port (ddr=1) cs 1 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p8 4 1 to 4 h t (ddr=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=1) h (ddr = 0) keep (ddr = 1) t (ddr = 0) input port (ddr = 1) cs 0 5 t t (ddr=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=0) t (ddr=1, ssoe=1) h (ddr=0) keep (ddr=1) t (ddr=0) input port (ddr=1) cs 0 6, 7 t t keep i/o port p9 5 to p9 0 1 to 7 t t keep keep i/o port pa 3 to pa 0 1 to 7 t t keep keep i/o port pa 6 to pa 4 1, 2, 6, 7 t t keep keep i/o port 867 pin name mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode bus-released mode program execution mode pa 6 to pa 4 3 to 5 t t address output * 5 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) keep otherwise * 6 keep address output * 5 t otherwise * 6 keep address output a 23 to a 21 otherwise i/o port pa 7 1, 2 t t keep keep i/o port 3, 4 l t (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) keep ta 20 5 l t when a20e = 0 ssoe = 0 t ssoe = 1 keep when a20e = 1 keep when a20e = 0 t when a20e = 1 keep when a20e = 0 a 20 when a20e = 1 i/o port 6, 7 t t keep i/o port pb 1 to pb 0 1 to 5 t t cs output * 7 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h otherwise * 8 keep cs output * 7 t otherwise * 8 keep cs output cs 7 to cs 6 otherwise i/o port 6, 7 t t keep i/o port pb 2 1 to 5 t t ras5 output * 9 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h cs output * 10 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h otherwise * 11 keep ras5 output * 9 t cs output * 10 t otherwise * 11 keep ras5 output ras5 cs output cs5 otherwise i/o port 6, 7 t t keep i/o port 868 pin name mode reset hardware standby mode software standby mode bus-released mode program execution mode pb 3 1 to 5 t t ras4 output * 12 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h cs output * 13 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h otherwise * 14 keep ras4 output * 12 t cs output * 13 t otherwise * 14 keep ras4 output ras4 cs output cs4 otherwise i/o port 6, 7 t t keep i/o port pb 5 to pb 4 1 to 5 t t cas output * 15 (ssoe=0) t (ssoe=1) h otherwise * 16 keep cas output * 15 t otherwise * 16 keep cas output ucas , lcas otherwise i/o port 6, 7 t t keep i/o port pb 7 to pb 6 1 to 7 t t keep keep i/o port legend h: high l: low t: high-impedance state keep: input pins are in the high-impedance state; output pins maintain their previous state. ddr: data direction register notes: * 1 when bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) are all cleared to 0. * 2 when any of bits dras2, dras1, or dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is set to 1. * 3 when the setting of bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is 010, 100, or 101. * 4 when the setting of bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is other than 010, 100, 101, or 000. * 5 when bit a23e, a22e, or a21e, respectively, in brcr (bus release control register) is cleared to 0. * 6 when bit a23e, a22e, or a21e, respectively, in brcr (bus release control register) is set to 1. * 7 when bit cs7e or cs6e, respectively, in cscr (chip select control register) is set to 1. * 8 when bit cs7e or cs6e, respectively, in cscr (chip select control register) is cleared to 0. 869 * 9 when the setting of bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is 101. * 10 when the setting of bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is other than 101, and bit cs5e in cscr (chip select control register) is set to 1. * 11 when the setting of bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is other than 101, and bit cs5e in cscr (chip select control register) is cleared to 0. * 12 when the setting of bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is 100, 101, or 110. * 13 when the setting of bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is other than 100, 101, or 110, and bit cs4e in cscr (chip select control register) is set to 1. * 14 when the setting of bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is other than 100, 101, or 110, and bit cs4e in cscr (chip select control register) is cleared to 0. * 15 when any of bits dras2, dras1, or dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is set to 1, and bit csel in drcrb (dram control register b) is cleared to 0. * 16 when any of bits dras2, dras1, or dras0 in drcra (dram control register a) is set to 1, and bit csel in drcrb (dram control register b) is set to 1; or, when bits dras2, dras1, and dras0 are all cleared to 0. 870 d.2 pin states at reset modes 1 and 2: figure d.1 is a timing diagram for the case in which res goes low during an external memory access in mode 1 or 2. as soon as res goes low, all ports are initialized to the input state. as , rd , hwr , lwr , and cs 0 go high, and d 15 to d 0 go to the high-impedance state. the address bus is initialized to the low output level 2.5 f clock cycles after the low level of res is sampled. clock pin p6 7 / f goes to the output state at the next rise of f after res goes low. as , rd (read) d 15 to d 0 (write) hwr , lwr (write) internal reset signal res p6 7 / f i/o port, cs 7 to cs 1 cs 0 a 19 to a 0 t1 t2 t3 access to external memory h'00000 high impedance high impedance figure d.1 reset during memory access (modes 1 and 2) 871 modes 3 and 4: figure d.2 is a timing diagram for the case in which res goes low during an external memory access in mode 3 or 4. as soon as res goes low, all ports are initialized to the input state. as , rd , hwr , lwr , and cs 0 go high, and d 15 to d 0 go to the high-impedance state. the address bus is initialized to the low output level 2.5 f clock cycles after the low level of res is sampled. however, when pa 4 to pa 6 are used as address bus pins, or when p8 3 to p8 1 and pb 0 to pb 3 are used as cs output pins, they go to the high-impedance state at the same time as res goes low. clock pin p6 7 / f goes to the output state at the next rise of f after res goes low. t1 t2 t3 access to external memory h'000000 high impedance high impedance as , rd (read) d 15 to d 0 (write) hwr , lwr (write) internal reset signal res p6 7 / f i/o port, pa 4 /a 23 to pa 6 /a 21 , cs 7 to cs 1 cs 0 a 20 to a 0 figure d.2 reset during memory access (modes 3 and 4) mode 5: figure d.3 is a timing diagram for the case in which res goes low during an external memory access in mode 5. as soon as res goes low, all ports are initialized to the input state. as , rd , hwr , and lwr go high, and the address bus and d 15 to d 0 go to the high-impedance state. clock pin p6 7 / f goes to the output state at the next rise of f after res goes low. 872 t1 t2 t3 access to external memory high impedance high impedance high impedance as , rd (read) d 15 to d 0 (write) hwr , lwr (write) internal reset signal res p6 7 / f i/o port, cs 7 to cs 1 a 23 to a 0 figure d.3 reset during memory access (mode 5) modes 6 and 7: figure d.4 is a timing diagram for the case in which res goes low during an operation in mode 6 or 7. as soon as res goes low, all ports are initialized to the input state. clock pin p6 7 / f goes to the output state at the next rise of f after res goes low. internal reset signal res p6 7 / f i/o port high impedance figure d.4 reset during operation (modes 6 and 7) 873 appendix e timing of transition to and recovery from hardware standby mode timing of transition to hardware standby mode 1. to retain ram contents with the rame bit set to 1 in syscr, drive the res signal low 10 system clock cycles before the stby signal goes low, as shown below. res must remain low until stby goes low (minimum delay from stby low to res high: 0 ns). t 1 3 10t cyc t 2 3 0 ns stby res 2. to retain ram contents with the rame bit cleared to 0 in syscr, res does not have to be driven low as in (1). timing of recovery from hardware standby mode: drive the res signal low approximately 100 ns before stby goes high. stby res t 3 100 ns t osc 874 appendix f product code lineup product type product code mark code package (hitachi package code) h8/3068f on-chip flash 5 v HD64F3068f HD64F3068f 100-pin qfp (fp-100b) memory HD64F3068te HD64F3068te 100-pin tqfp (tfp-100b) 875 appendix g package dimensions figures g.1 show the fp-100b package dimensions of the h8/3067 series. figure g.2 shows the tfp-100b package dimensions. figure g.3 shows the fp-100a package dimentions. hitachi code jedec jeita mass (reference value) fp-100b conforms 1.2 g * dimension including the plating thickness base material dimension 0.10 16.0 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.2 16.0 0.3 3.05 max 75 51 50 26 1 25 76 100 14 0 - 8 0.5 0.08 m * 0.22 0.05 2.70 * 0.17 0.05 0.12 + 0.13 - 0.12 1.0 0.20 0.04 0.15 0.04 unit: mm figure g.1 package dimensions (fp-100b) 876 hitachi code jedec jeita mass (reference value) tfp-100b conforms 0.5 g * dimension including the plating thickness base material dimension 16.0 0.2 14 0.08 0.10 0.5 0.1 16.0 0.2 0.5 0.10 0.10 1.20 max * 0.17 0.05 0 - 8 75 51 125 76 100 26 50 m * 0.22 0.05 1.0 1.00 1.0 0.20 0.04 0.15 0.04 unit: mm figure g.2 package dimensions (tfp-100b) 877 appendix h comparison of h8/300h series product specifications h.1 differences between h8/3068f and h8/3067 series and h8/3062 series, h8/3048 series item h8/3068f h8/3067 series, h8/3062 series h8/3048 series 1 operating mode mode 5 16 mbytes rom enabled expanded mode 16 mbytes rom enabled expanded mode 1 mbyte rom enabled expanded mode mode 6 64 kbytes single-chip mode 64 kbytes single-chip mode 16 mbyte rom enabled expanded mode 2 interrupt controller internal interrupt sources 36 36 (h8/3067) 27 (h8/3062) 30 3 bus controller burst rom interface yes yes (h8/3067) no (h8/3062) no idle cycle insertion function yes yes no wait mode 2 modes 2 modes 4 modes wait state number setting per area per area common to all areas address output method choice of address update?ixed choice of address update mode (mask rom and flash memory r versions only) fixed 4 dram interface connectable areas area 2/3/4/5 area 2/3/4/5 (h8/3067 only) area 3 precharge cycle insertion function yes yes (h8/3067 only) no fast page mode yes yes (h8/3067 only) no address shift amount 8 bit/9 bit/10 bit 8 bit/9 bit/10 bit (h8/3067 only) 8 bit/9 bit 878 item h8/3068f h8/3067 series, h8/3062 series h8/3048 series 5 timer functions 16-bit timers 8-bit timers 16-bit timers 8-bit timers itu number of channels 16 bits 3 8 bits 4 (16 bits 2) 16 bits 3 8 bits 4 (16 bits 2) 16 bits 5 pulse output 6 pins 4 pins (2 pins) 6 pins 4 pins (2 pins) 12 pins input capture 626210 external clock 4 systems (selectable) 4 systems (fixed) 4 systems (selectable) 4 systems (fixed) 4 systems (selectable) internal clock f , f /2, f /4, f /8 f /8, f /64, f /8192 f , f /2, f /4, f /8 f /8, f /64, f /8192 f , f /2, f /4, f /8 complementary pwm function no no no no yes reset- synchronous pwm function no no no no yes buffer operation no no no no yes output initialization function yes no yes no no pwm output 3 4 (2) 3 4 (2) 5 dmac activation 3 channels no 3 channels (h8/3067 only) no 4 channels a/d conversion activation no yes no yes no interrupt sources 3 sources 3 8 sources 3 sources 3 8 sources 3 sources 5 6 tpc time base 3 kinds, 16-bit timer base 3 kinds, 16-bit timer base 4 kinds, itu base 7 wdt reset signal external output function no yes (except products with on-chip flash memory) yes 8 sci number of channels 3 channels 3 channels (h8/3067) 2 channels (h8/3062) 2 channels smart card interface supported on all channels supported on all channels supported on?ci0 only 879 item h8/3068f h8/3067 series, h8/3062 series h8/3048 series 9 a/d converter conversion start trigger input external trigger/8-bit timer compare match external trigger/8-bit timer compare match external trigger 10 pin control f pin f /input port multiplexing f /input port multiplexing f output only a 20 in 16 mb rom enabled expanded mode a 20 / i/o port multiplexing a 20 / i/o port multiplexing a 20 output address bus, as , rd , hwr , lwr , cs 7 cs 0 , rfsh in software standby state high-level output/high- impedance selectable high-level output/high- impedance selectable ( rfsh : h8/3067 only) high-level output (except cs 0 ) low-level output ( cs 0 ) cs 7 cs 0 in bus- released state high-impedance high-impedance high-level output 11 flash memory functions program/erase voltage 12 v application unnecessary. single-power-supply programming. 12 v application unnecessary. single-power-supply programming. 12 v application from off-chip block divisions 14 blocks 8 blocks 16 blocks 880 h.2 comparison of pin functions of 100-pin package products (fp-100b, tfp-100b) table h.1 pin arrangement of each product (fp-100b, tfp-100b) pin no. h8/3068f h8/3067 series h8/3062 series h8/3048 series h8/3042 series 1v cl v cc v cc /v cl v cc v cc 2 pb 0 /tp 8 /tmo 0 / cs 7 pb 0 /tp 8 /tmo 0 / cs 7 pb 0 /tp 8 /tmo 0 / cs 7 pb 0 /tp 8 / tioca 3 pb 0 /tp 8 / tioca 3 3 pb 1 /tp 9 /tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 pb 1 /tp 9 /tmio 1 / dreq 0 / cs 6 pb 1 /tp 9 /tmio 1 / cs 6 pb 1 /tp 9 / tiocb 3 pb 1 /tp 9 / tiocb 3 4 pb 2 /tp 10 /tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 2 /tp 10 /tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 2 /tp 10 /tmo 2 / cs 5 pb 2 /tp 10 / tioca 4 pb 2 /tp 10 / tioca 4 5 pb 3 /tp 11 /tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 pb 3 /tp 11 /tmio 3 / dreq 1 / cs 4 pb 3 /tp 11 /tmio 3 / cs 4 pb 3 /tp 11 /tiocb 4 pb 3 /tp 11 /tiocb 4 6 pb 4 /tp 12 / ucas pb 4 /tp 12 / ucas pb 4 /tp 12 pb 4 /tp 12 /tocxa 4 pb 4 /tp 12 /tocxa 4 7 pb 5 /tp 13 / lcas / sck 2 pb 5 /tp 13 / lcas / sck 2 pb 5 /tp 13 pb 5 /tp 13 /tocxb 4 pb 5 /tp 13 /tocxb 4 8 pb 6 /tp 14 /txd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 /txd 2 pb 6 /tp 14 pb 6 /tp 14 / dreq 0 / cs 7 pb 6 /tp 14 / dreq 0 9 pb 7 /tp 15 /rxd 2 pb 7 /tp 15 /rxd 2 pb 7 /tp 15 pb 7 /tp 15 / dreq 1 / adtrg pb 7 /tp 15 / dreq 1 / adtrg 10 fwe reso /fwe * reso /fwe * reso /v pp * reso 11 vss vss vss vss vss 12 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 p9 0 /txd 0 13 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 p9 1 /txd 1 14 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 p9 2 /rxd 0 15 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 p9 3 /rxd 1 16 p9 4 /sck 0 / irq 4 p9 4 /sck 0 / irq 4 p9 4 /sck 0 / irq 4 p9 4 /sck 0 / irq 4 p9 4 /sck 0 / irq 4 17 p9 5 /sck 1 / irq 5 p9 5 /sck 1 / irq 5 p9 5 /sck 1 / irq 5 p9 5 /sck 1 / irq 5 p9 5 /sck 1 / irq 5 18 p4 0 /d 0 p4 0 /d 0 p4 0 /d 0 p4 0 /d 0 p4 0 /d 0 19 p4 1 /d 1 p4 1 /d 1 p4 1 /d 1 p4 1 /d 1 p4 1 /d 1 20 p4 2 /d 2 p4 2 /d 2 p4 2 /d 2 p4 2 /d 2 p4 2 /d 2 21 p4 3 /d 3 p4 3 /d 3 p4 3 /d 3 p4 3 /d 3 p4 3 /d 3 22 vss vss vss vss vss 23 p4 4 /d 4 p4 4 /d 4 p4 4 /d 4 p4 4 /d 4 p4 4 /d 4 24 p4 5 /d 5 p4 5 /d 5 p4 5 /d 5 p4 5 /d 5 p4 5 /d 5 25 p4 6 /d 6 p4 6 /d 6 p4 6 /d 6 p4 6 /d 6 p4 6 /d 6 26 p4 7 /d 7 p4 7 /d 7 p4 7 /d 7 p4 7 /d 7 p4 7 /d 7 27 p3 0 /d 8 p3 0 /d 8 p3 0 /d 8 p3 0 /d 8 p3 0 /d 8 881 pin no. h8/3068f h8/3067 series h8/3062 series h8/3048 series h8/3042 series 28 p3 1 /d 9 p3 1 /d 9 p3 1 /d 9 p3 1 /d 9 p3 1 /d 9 29 p3 2 /d 10 p3 2 /d 10 p3 2 /d 10 p3 2 /d 10 p3 2 /d 10 30 p3 3 /d 11 p3 3 /d 11 p3 3 /d 11 p3 3 /d 11 p3 3 /d 11 31 p3 4 /d 12 p3 4 /d 12 p3 4 /d 12 p3 4 /d 12 p3 4 /d 12 32 p3 5 /d 13 p3 5 /d 13 p3 5 /d 13 p3 5 /d 13 p3 5 /d 13 33 p3 6 /d 14 p3 6 /d 14 p3 6 /d 14 p3 6 /d 14 p3 6 /d 14 34 p3 7 /d 15 p3 7 /d 15 p3 7 /d 15 p3 7 /d 15 p3 7 /d 15 35 vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc 36 p1 0 /a 0 p1 0 /a 0 p1 0 /a 0 p1 0 /a 0 p1 0 /a 0 37 p1 1 /a 1 p1 1 /a 1 p1 1 /a 1 p1 1 /a 1 p1 1 /a 1 38 p1 2 /a 2 p1 2 /a 2 p1 2 /a 2 p1 2 /a 2 p1 2 /a 2 39 p1 3 /a 3 p1 3 /a 3 p1 3 /a 3 p1 3 /a 3 p1 3 /a 3 40 p1 4 /a 4 p1 4 /a 4 p1 4 /a 4 p1 4 /a 4 p1 4 /a 4 41 p1 5 /a 5 p1 5 /a 5 p1 5 /a 5 p1 5 /a 5 p1 5 /a 5 42 p1 6 /a 6 p1 6 /a 6 p1 6 /a 6 p1 6 /a 6 p1 6 /a 6 43 p1 7 /a 7 p1 7 /a 7 p1 7 /a 7 p1 7 /a 7 p1 7 /a 7 44 vss vss vss vss vss 45 p2 0 /a 8 p2 0 /a 8 p2 0 /a 8 p2 0 /a 8 p2 0 /a 8 46 p2 1 /a 9 p2 1 /a 9 p2 1 /a 9 p2 1 /a 9 p2 1 /a 9 47 p2 2 /a 10 p2 2 /a 10 p2 2 /a 10 p2 2 /a 10 p2 2 /a 10 48 p2 3 /a 11 p2 3 /a 11 p2 3 /a 11 p2 3 /a 11 p2 3 /a 11 49 p2 4 /a 12 p2 4 /a 12 p2 4 /a 12 p2 4 /a 12 p2 4 /a 12 50 p2 5 /a 13 p2 5 /a 13 p2 5 /a 13 p2 5 /a 13 p2 5 /a 13 51 p2 6 /a 14 p2 6 /a 14 p2 6 /a 14 p2 6 /a 14 p2 6 /a 14 52 p2 7 /a 15 p2 7 /a 15 p2 7 /a 15 p2 7 /a 15 p2 7 /a 15 53 p5 0 /a 16 p5 0 /a 16 p5 0 /a 16 p5 0 /a 16 p5 0 /a 16 54 p5 1 /a 17 p5 1 /a 17 p5 1 /a 17 p5 1 /a 17 p5 1 /a 17 55 p5 2 /a 18 p5 2 /a 18 p5 2 /a 18 p5 2 /a 18 p5 2 /a 18 56 p5 3 /a 19 p5 3 /a 19 p5 3 /a 19 p5 3 /a 19 p5 3 /a 19 57 vss vss vss vss vss 58 p6 0 / wait p6 0 / wait p6 0 / wait p6 0 / wait p6 0 / wait 59 p6 1 / breq p6 1 / breq p6 1 / breq p6 1 / breq p6 1 / breq 60 p6 2 / back p6 2 / back p6 2 / back p6 2 / back p6 2 / back 61 p6 7 / f p6 7 / f p6 7 / f f f 62 stby stby stby stby stby 63 res res res res res 882 pin no. h8/3068f h8/3067 series h8/3062 series h8/3048 series h8/3042 series 64 nmi nmi nmi nmi nmi 65 vss vss vss vss vss 66 extal extal extal extal extal 67 xtal xtal xtal xtal xtal 68 vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc 69 p6 3 / as p6 3 / as p6 3 / as p6 3 / as p6 3 / as 70 p6 4 / rd p6 4 / rd p6 4 / rd p6 4 / rd p6 4 / rd 71 p6 5 / hwr p6 5 / hwr p6 5 / hwr p6 5 / hwr p6 5 / hwr 72 p6 6 / lwr p6 6 / lwr p6 6 / lwr p6 6 / lwr p6 6 / lwr 73 md 0 md 0 md 0 md 0 md 0 74 md 1 md 1 md 1 md 1 md 1 75 md 2 md 2 md 2 md 2 md 2 76 avcc avcc avcc avcc avcc 77 v ref v ref v ref v ref v ref 78 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 p7 0 /an 0 79 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 p7 1 /an 1 80 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 p7 2 /an 2 81 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 p7 3 /an 3 82 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 p7 4 /an 4 83 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 p7 5 /an 5 84 p7 6 /an 6 /da 0 p7 6 /an 6 /da 0 p7 6 /an 6 /da 0 p7 6 /an 6 /da 0 p7 6 /an 6 /da 0 85 p7 7 /an 7 /da 1 p7 7 /an 7 /da 1 p7 7 /an 7 /da 1 p7 7 /an 7 /da 1 p7 7 /an 7 /da 1 86 avss avss avss avss avss 87 p8 0 / rfsh / irq 0 p8 0 / rfsh / irq 0 p8 0 / irq 0 p8 0 / rfsh / irq 0 p8 0 / rfsh / irq 0 88 p8 1 / cs 3 / irq 1 p8 1 / cs 3 / irq 1 p8 1 / cs 3 / irq 1 p8 1 / cs 3 / irq 1 p8 1 / cs 3 / irq 1 89 p8 2 / cs 2 / irq 2 p8 2 / cs 2 / irq 2 p8 2 / cs 2 / irq 2 p8 2 / cs 2 / irq 2 p8 2 / cs 2 / irq 2 90 p8 3 / cs 1 / irq 3 / adtrg p8 3 / cs 1 / irq 3 / adtrg p8 3 / cs 1 / irq 3 / adtrg p8 3 / cs 1 / irq 3 p8 3 / cs 1 / irq 3 91 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 / cs 0 p8 4 / cs 0 92 vss vss vss vss vss 93 pa 0 /tp 0 / tend 0 / tclka pa 0 /tp 0 / tend 0 / tclka pa 0 /tp 0 /tclka pa 0 /tp 0 / tend 0 / tclka pa 0 /tp 0 / tend 0 / tclka 94 pa 1 /tp 1 / tend 1 / tclkb pa 1 /tp 1 / tend 1 / tclkb pa 1 /tp 1 /tclkb pa 1 /tp 1 / tend 1 / tclkb pa 1 /tp 1 / tend 1 / tclkb 95 pa 2 /tp 2 /tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 /tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 /tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 /tioca 0 / tclkc pa 2 /tp 2 /tioca 0 / tclkc 96 pa 3 /tp 3 /tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 /tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 /tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 /tiocb 0 / tclkd pa 3 /tp 3 /tiocb 0 / tclkd 883 pin no. h8/3068f h8/3067 series h8/3062 series h8/3048 series h8/3042 series 97 pa 4 /tp 4 /tioca 1 / a 23 pa 4 /tp 4 /tioca 1 / a 23 pa 4 /tp 4 /tioca 1 / a 23 pa 4 /tp 4 /tioca 1 / cs 6 /a 23 pa 4 /tp 4 /tioca 1 / a 23 98 pa 5 /tp 5 /tiocb 1 / a 22 pa 5 /tp 5 /tiocb 1 / a 22 pa 5 /tp 5 /tiocb 1 / a 22 pa 5 /tp 5 /tiocb 1 / cs 5 /a 22 pa 5 /tp 5 /tiocb 1 / a 22 99 pa 6 /tp 6 /tioca 2 / a 21 pa 6 /tp 6 /tioca 2 / a 21 pa 6 /tp 6 /tioca 2 / a 21 pa 6 /tp 6 /tioca 2 / cs 4 /a 21 pa 6 /tp 6 /tioca 2 / a 21 100 pa 7 /tp 7 /tiocb 2 / a 20 pa 7 /tp 7 /tiocb 2 / a 20 pa 7 /tp 7 /tiocb 2 / a 20 pa 7 /tp 7 /tiocb 2 / a 20 pa 7 /tp 7 /tiocb 2 / a 20 note: * functions as reso in the mask rom versions, and as fwe in the flash memory and flash memory r versions. 884 h8/3068 f-ztat hardware manual publication date: 1st edition, march 2001 2nd edition, september 2002 published by: business operation division semiconductor & integrated circuits hitachi, ltd. edited by: technical documentation group hitachi kodaira semiconductor co., ltd. co py ri g ht ?hitachi, ltd., 2001. all ri g hts reserved. printed in ja p an. |
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